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Exploring Gender Differences in the Effects of Diet and Physical Activity on Metabolic Parameters
No full textBackground: Gender differences in metabolic response to lifestyle interventions remain poorly explored. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a six-month Mediterranean diet (MD) intervention combined with regular physical activity on metabolic parameters in overweight adults. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in an obesity clinic in Rome, Italy, involving overweight adults (BMI >= 25 kg/m2) motivated to improve their lifestyle. Participants (n = 205; 107 men and 98 women) self-selected into physical activity groups (aerobic, anaerobic, combined or no activity). Gender-specific metabolic changes were assessed, including lipid profiles, liver markers and fasting glucose. Results: Significant gender differences in metabolic results were observed. Men showed greater reductions in total cholesterol (TC) and LDL, as well as significant reductions in alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Women showed a significant increase in HDL cholesterol. Fasting blood glucose decreased significantly in both sexes, with no differences between the sexes. Activity-specific analysis revealed that anaerobic activity significantly improved lipid metabolism in men, while aerobic activity produced the greatest benefits in women, including increased HDL and improved liver marker profiles. Conclusions: Therapeutic strategies combining MD and physical activity must take into account gender-specific physiological differences and the type of sport activity to optimise metabolic benefits. Personalised approaches may improve the management of cardiovascular risk factors in overweight individuals. Study registration: This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06661330).IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana (Ricerca Corrente)This work was supported by institutional fundings from IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana (Ricerca Corrente)
Psychometric properties of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) across nine countries/regions
No full textExaminations of the internal structure of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) have yielded inconsistent conclusions within and across cultural contexts. This study examined the dimensionality and reliability of the DASS-21 across three theoretically plausible factor structures (i.e., unidimensional, oblique three-factor, and bifactor) as well as measurement equivalence/invariance of the DASS-21 using two different approaches (i.e., multigroup confirmatory factor analysis and the alignment approach) with a large, diverse sample of 2,920 young adult college student participants from nine countries/regions (i.e., Australia, Brazil, Germany, Hong Kong, Lithuania, Taiwan, T & uuml;rkiye, United Arab Emirates, and the United States). Results showed an excellent fit of the bifactor model in all countries/regions except the UAE and the US in which the model did not converge. Regarding parameter equivalence, we found configural, threshold, and loading invariance for the oblique three-factor model (across the nine studied countries/regions) and for the bifactor model (across seven countries/regions). Results indicate that DASS-21 scores measure a general psychological distress factor with more validity and reliability than depression, anxiety, or stress constructs independently. Findings supported the bifactor structure of DASS-21 and demonstrated that cross-cultural comparisons using this scale should be conducted using proper procedures, such as the alignment approach
The impact of gamified modules on EFL learners’ L2 motivational ‘self’ system
No full textThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Gamification has been studied in the context of English as a foreign language (EFL) teaching as an intriguing approach, and its impact on language skills and motivational states of learners has been an area of interest; however, further experimental and qualitative accounts on the matter are still required. Additionally, the construct of ‘self’ as a rather novel outlook for motivation has been explored by merely a handful of studies. This study aimed to determine the effects of gamified instruction on high school EFL learners’ motivation and motivational ‘self’ systems. To achieve this, the study employed an explanatory sequential mixed-method research design to make sense of learners’ motivational states and L2 selves. Quantitative data collected through motivation and L2 self scales were interpreted with the consideration of qualitative data obtained from a focus group session. The results of the study revealed promising outcomes in terms of motivation to learn English as the modules increased the willingness of learners to learn English to communicate with other cultures, and they regarded English as a part of a well-rounded education. Moreover, they started to doubt their “self” constructs regarding being more knowledgeable in the English language in different dimensions. Finally, the study concluded with some crucial points regarding the effectiveness of gamified language learning settings, and recommendations were made for future research. ©2025 Serhat Güzel & Cevdet Yılmaz.Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, ÇOM
Latent Profile Patterns of Teachers' Organisational Identity Perception in Educational Settings
No full textOrganisational identity is crucial in fostering a reliable working environment within educational settings. Therefore, this study focused on examining latent profiles of teachers' organisational identity perceptions. Latent profile analysis was utilised to uncover distinct profiles and their characteristics as assessed by the Teacher Organizational Identity Perception Scale's three dimensions (support, belonging, and communication). The data was collected from 578 in-service teachers working in different grades from preschool to high school. The results identified four distinct teacher profiles: lack of support (n = 59), belonging deficiency (n = 101), engagement (n = 276) and commitment (n = 142). Nearly half of the teachers were in the engagement profile, indicating medium-level organisational identity perception. Covariance analysis revealed that male teachers were significantly more likely to be in the engagement profile rather than the lack of support (OR = 0.59), suggesting that male teachers exhibit higher organisational identity perceptions. This study provides valuable insights into comprehending the nature of teachers' organisational identity perceptions and advocates for future studies to consider these latent profile characteristics in efforts to cultivate a robust school climate. © 2025 The Author(s). European Journal of Education published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Analysis of Bird Populations in the Wetland Areas Surrounding the Çanakkale/Dardanelles Strait
Full text linkGünümüzde sulak alan ekosistemlerinde yaşanan hızlı yok oluş göz önüne alındığında, yaşanan değişimlere hızlı tepki verebilen kuş türlerinin ve popülasyonlarının izlenmesi sulak alan ekosistemlerinin takibi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Aynı zamanda, sulak alan ekosistemleri de kuş türlerinin yaşam döngüsü ve göç hareketlilikleri açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Çalışmanın amacı, çok sayıda kuş türünün göç stratejilerinde önemli rol oynayan Akdeniz havzasının kuzeydoğu kesiminde yer alan Çanakkale Boğazı çevresindeki sulak alanlardaki (Kavak Deltası, Çardak Lagünü, Kumkale Deltası, Suvla Tuz Gölü, Umurbey Deltası) kuş türü çeşitliliğindeki aylık değişimleri incelemektir. Ayrıca, bu sulak alanların habitat tipleri ve alanları ile çeşitlilik endeksleri arasındaki korelasyonlar analiz edilmiş ve incelenen sulak alanlar için güncellenmiş tür listeleri derlenmiştir. Saha çalışmaları, nokta ve transekt gözlem metodları kullanılarak 2023 yılında aylık olarak yürütülmüştür. Çeşitlilik endeksleri, her alan için aylık olarak kaydedilen tür ve birey sayıları kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Sulak alan alanlarındaki habitat tipleri ve kapsadıkları alanlar ile çeşitlilik indeksleri arasındaki ilişki, Spearman korelasyon analizi ile sınanmıştır. Tüm alanlarda 22 takım ve 61 familyayı kapsayan 279 kuş türüne ait toplam 184.068 birey sayılmıştır. Sulak alanlarda tür zenginliği (Margalef indeksi- M) 15.417 ile 22.718 arasında, tür çeşitliliği (Shannon-Wiener İndeksi- H') ise 1.819 ile 2.416 arasında değişmiştir. Araştırma alanlarının önemli bir göç yolu üzerinde yer alması, göç dönemlerinde tür çeşitliliğini ve zenginliğini artırmaktadır. Sığ yüzey sularının baskın olduğu deltalarda, mevsimsel su seviyelerindeki değişiklikler nedeniyle çeşitlilik indekslerinde daha belirgin farklılıklar gözlenmiştir. Tür zenginliği ile sulak alanların, özellikle tuzcul bataklıklar ve sürekli sulanan tarım alanlarının büyüklüğü arasında güçlü pozitif korelasyon bulunmuş olup, bu da biyolojik çeşitliliği desteklemede habitat büyüklüğünün kritik rolüne işaret etmektedir. Mevsimsel su seviyesi dalgalanmaları da delta bölgelerindeki çeşitliliği önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Sulak alanların küresel çapta kaybı göz önüne alındığında, bu hayatî ekosistemleri anlamak ve korumak için standart yöntemlerle uzun vadeli araştırmalar yapılması büyük önem taşıyorGiven the rapid loss of wetland ecosystems today, monitoring bird species and populations that can respond quickly to environmental changes is crucial for the effective tracking of wetland ecosystems. Additionally, wetland ecosystems are of critical importance for the life cycles and migratory movements of bird species. The aim of the study is to examine the monthly variations in bird species diversity in the wetland areas (Kavak Delta, Çardak Lagoon, Kumkale Delta, Suvla Salt Lake, and Umurbey Delta) surrounding the Çanakkale/Dardanelles Strait, located in the northeastern part of the Mediterranean basin, which plays a significant role in migration strategies for numerous bird species. Additionally, correlations between the habitat types and areas of these wetlands and their diversity indices were analyzed and updated species lists for the studied wetlands were compiled. The field studies were conducted monthly in 2023 using point and transect observation methods to assess species and population counts. Diversity indices were calculated using the number of species and individuals recorded monthly for each area. The relationship between the habitat types and the areas they cover in wetlands and the diversity indices was tested using Spearman’s rho correlation analysis. A total of 184.068 birds belonging to 279 species, encompassing 22 orders and 61 families, were counted across all areas. In the wetland areas, species richness (Margalef index - M) ranged from 15.417 to 22.718 and species diversity (Shannon-Wiener Index - H') ranged from 1.819 to 2.416. The fact that the research areas lie along a significant migration route enhances species diversity and richness during migration periods. In Deltas where shallow surface waters predominate, more pronounced differences in diversity indices have been observed due to variations in seasonal water levels. A strong positive correlation was found between species richness and the size of wetlands, particularly Salt Marshes and Permanently Irrigated Lands, indicating the critical role of habitat size in supporting biodiversity. Seasonal water level fluctuations also significantly impacted diversity in delta regions. Given the global loss of wetlands, long-term research with standardized methods is crucial for understanding and protecting these vital ecosystems
Multidimensional analysis of gagauz people's historical development, cultural dynamics and modern social structure
No full textTürk topluluklarından biri olan Gagavuzlar, Balkanlar ve Karadeniz Kuzeyindeki topraklarda dağınık şekilde yaşamaktadır. Hırıstiyan olan Gagavuzlar hakkındaki bilgiler 19. yüzyıldan itibaren artmaya başlamış ve 20. yüzyılda Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kurulmasından sonra Türk toplumunun daha çok ilgisini çekmeye başlamıştır. Atatürk, Gagavuzlarla 1930'larda ilgilenmeye başlamış ve Romanya'ya büyükelçi olarak Hamdullah Suphi Bey'i göndererek bu konuda çalışmalar ve raporlar hazırlamasını sağlamıştır. Bu dönemde Gagavuz gençlerinden bir kısmı Türkiye'ye öğrenci olarak gelerek eğitim ve öğretimlerini Türkiye'de tamamlamışlardı. II. Dünya Savaşı'nın başlaması sonrasında Türkiye'nin Gagavuzlarla ilgisi savaş koşulları sebebiyle ortadan kalmıştı. Savaş sonrasında ise Gagavuzların yaşadığı coğrafyalar Sovyet toprakları ya da Sovyetlerin kontrolünde olan ülkelerin coğrafyası içerisinde kalmıştı. Bu nedenle Türkiye Gagavuzlarla bu dönemde de yakından ilgilenememişti. 1989 yılında Sovyetler Birliği'nin çökmesi ve doğu blokunun dağılması sonrasında Türk kamuoyunda Gagavuzlar, tekrar gündeme gelmiştir. Moldovya toprakları içerisinde yaşayan Gagavuzlar, 1991 yılında bağımsızlıklarını ilan etmişlerse de bu bağımsızlık ilanı dünya kamuoyu tarafından desteklenmemiş ve tanınmamıştı. Bölgede yaşanan olaylar ve gelişmeler sonrasında Gagavuzlar, bağımsız bir ülke olan Moldovya ile bir anlaşma yaparak ve kendilerinin özel koşullarını garanti altına alan bir Anayasa ile bu ülkeye bağlı özerk bir konuma gelmişlerdir. Gagavuz Yöresi Özerk Bölgesi adını alan coğrafyada savunma ve adalet dışında özel bir statü ile serbestçe yaşamlarını sürdürme hakkına sahip olmuşlardır. Gagavuz Yöresi Özerk Bölgesi'nin hukuksal statüsünün garantörlüğünü üstlenen Türkiye bu dönemde Gagavuzlarla yakından ilgilenmiş ve özellikle Cumhurbaşkanı Süleyman Demirel Gagavuzların adeta koruyuculuğunu üstlenmiştir. Gagavuzlar 1995'ten itibaren Türkiye'yi kendileri için bir hami olarak görmüşler, Türkiye de her alanda Gagavuzlara yardımlarda bulunmuştur. Gagavuzlar uzun süre birlikte yaşadıkları Ruslar, Romenler ve Moldovyalılar dışında Türkiye'yi varlıkları için bir güvence olarak görmektedir. Bu çalışmada Gagavuzların Sovyetlerin dağılmasından sonraki süreçteki durumları ve günümüzde Türkiye'ye bakış açıları ve Türkiye ile ilişkilerini anlamak için ankete dayalı bir araştırma yapılmış ve bu anketin sonuçları ile Türkiye-Gagavuz Yöresi Özerk Bölgesi ilişkilerine bakış ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.The Gagauz, one of the Turkish communities, live scattered across the Balkans and the northern regions of the Black Sea. Information about the Gagauz began to increase from the 19th century, and in the 20th century, following the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, they gained more attention from the Turkish public. Atatürk began to show interest in the Gagauz in the 1930s, sending Hamdullah Suphi Bey as the ambassador to Romania to carry out studies and prepare reports on the subject. During this period, some Gagauz youth came to Turkey as students to complete their education. After the start of World War II, Turkey's interest in the Gagauz diminished due to the war conditions. Following the war, the lands where the Gagauz lived were within Soviet territory or the territories of countries under Soviet control. Therefore, Turkey was unable to engage closely with the Gagauz during this period. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989 and the dissolution of the Eastern Bloc, the Gagauz again became a topic of discussion in Turkish public opinion. The Gagauz living in Moldovan territory declared their independence in 1991, but this declaration of independence was not supported or recognized by the international community. After events and developments in the region, the Gagauz made an agreement with the independent country of Moldova, ensuring their special conditions through a constitution, and thus gained an autonomous status within Moldova. The region, named the Gagauz Autonomous Territorial Unit, allowed the Gagauz to live freely with a special status, except for defense and justice matters. Turkey, which took on the role of guaranteeing the legal status of the Gagauz Autonomous Territorial Unit, closely followed the Gagauz during this period, and particularly, President Süleyman Demirel became the protector of the Gagauz. Since 1995, the Gagauz have regarded Turkey as their protector, and Turkey has provided assistance to the Gagauz in many areas. The Gagauz see Turkey, beyond the Russians, Romanians, and Moldovans they have lived with for a long time, as a guarantee for their existence. This study aims to understand the situation of the Gagauz after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, their current perspectives on Turkey, and their relations with Turkey by conducting a survey-based research. The results of this survey provide insight into the relationship between Turkey and the Gagauz Autonomous Territorial Unit
Influence of strand size and morphology on the mechanical performance of recycled CF/PEKK composites: Harnessing waste for aerospace secondary load-bearing applications
No full textThe flexibility and precision of automated fiber placement (AFP) have made it a standard methodology in the aviation industry. However, the use of continuous slit tapes along component lengths generates significant waste. This waste presents an opportunity for recycling into secondary load-bearing structures, particularly in applications where components are not subjected to extreme working conditions. In this study, carbon fiber-reinforced polyetherketoneketone (CF/PEKK) strands are recycled into randomly oriented strand (ROS) panels using a costeffective, vacuum-assisted hot press process while maintaining aerospace-quality standards. Both long and short strand lengths, as well as shredded strands mimicking real-life industrial waste, are analyzed for their mechanical performance and geometric stability. Mechanical properties of the recycled CF/PEKK composites are evaluated through tensile, shear, compression, Izod impact, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), using digital image correlation (DIC) for precise measurements. Additionally, topological 3D scanning is used to assess the geometric stability of the panels. Results indicate that short strands offer superior mechanical properties, while shredded strands perform comparably. This study makes a unique contribution by demonstrating the effective recycling of slit tape waste into high-performance composite materials, advancing sustainable practices in aerospace applications.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [118C051]; Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, the scientific research coordination unit [FYL-2020-3375]This work is supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the grant of 2244 Research Projects Program (TUBITAK Project no: 118C051) and by Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, the scientific research coordination unit, project no: FYL-2020-3375. The authors acknowledge Buse Atac for her valuable guidance on the Micro-CT imaging and post-processing
Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Consensus Report on Treatment and Follow-Up Approaches Based on the Turkish Clinical Classification
Full text linkObjective: The second consensus study on idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) aimed to establish treatment options based on the clinical classification proposed in the first consensus, standardize criteria for treatment discontinuation, and develop follow-up protocols. Method: A structured methodology, identical to the first consensus study, was employed. An 11-member working group of breast surgeons experienced in IGM from various clinics across the country was formed. The modified Delphi method was used, with a consensus threshold of 80% agreement. Results: Three voting rounds were conducted to develop the IGM treatment algorithm. In Round 1, observation was established as the first-line option for Type 1 disease (81%) and pregnancy/lactation cases (85%). Round 2 achieved consensus on systemic steroids (SS) as the first-line treatment for Type 3 cases (84%), combination therapies for resistant cases (82%), and reclassification of recurrent cases to guide treatment planning (94%). In Round 3, consensus was reached on the use of immunosuppressive therapy (IMT) for cases where steroids are contraindicated in Type 3 (81%), the use of IMT for resistant cases (93%), avoiding surgery as the first-line option for Type 1 cases (81%), and requiring complete clinical and radiological response before discontinuing treatment (81%). However, no consensus was reached on the first-line treatment for Type 2 disease. Conclusion: This consensus study successfully developed a treatment algorithm for IGM, prioritizing observation for Type 1 disease and cases involving pregnancy or lactation, and recommending systemic steroids (SS) and immunosuppressive therapies for Type 3 cases. The findings underscore the critical importance of achieving complete clinical and radiological remission before discontinuing treatment. However, the lack of consensus on the treatment of Type 2 disease highlights the need for further research into this challenging subtype
Modified Dermal-Fat Flap Suspension Technique for Internal Nasal Valve Dysfunction: A Comparative Study With Conventional Cartilage Grafting
No full textIatrogenic internal nasal valve (INV) dysfunction is a significant complication after nasal surgery, often necessitating revision surgeries involving cartilage grafting, which carries high risks of complications such as mucosal synechiae, septal perforations, and chronic inflammation. This study evaluates the efficacy of a modified dermal-fat flap suspension technique as an alternative to conventional cartilage grafting for INV reconstruction. A retrospective review was conducted of 30 patients treated between March 2019 and March 2023, including 8 patients who underwent the modified dermal suspension technique and 22 who received spreader grafts. Preoperative and postoperative nasal obstruction symptom evaluation scores were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. While both groups demonstrated significant postoperative improvements, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups. The modified technique, performed under local anesthesia, was associated with fewer complications and avoided extensive cartilage grafting or mucosal dissection, making it particularly suitable for patients with advanced age, high ASA scores, or complex surgical histories. Common complications included transient orbital edema and rare cases of skin discoloration, which resolved over time. Despite a small sample size and reliance on subjective nasal obstruction symptom evaluation scores, this study highlights the potential of the modified dermal-fat flap suspension technique as a less invasive, effective alternative for managing INV dysfunction, especially in high-risk patients. Further studies with larger cohorts and objective measures are needed to validate these findings. Copyright © 2025 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD
The state of use of "Methodological index" in violin education and an index study sample
No full textBu tez çalışması, Cumhuriyet Döneminden günümüze kadar olan süreçteki ve günümüzdeki keman eğitimi öğretim programlarının içeriklerinde yer verilen etütlerin ve eserlerin, "Metodolojik Dizinde" veya "Metodolojik Bir Dizin yaklaşımıyla" yer alma durumlarını incelemektedir. Çalışmada, keman eğitimi süreçlerinde ve öğretim programlarında kullanılan öğretim materyallerinin yeterliliği ve eğitimcilerin bu materyallere dair yaklaşımları ile "Metodolojik Dizin" kavramına yaklaşımları değerlendirilmiştir. Mevcut keman eğitimi öğretim programlarının içeriklerinde eksikliklerin belirlenmesi ve bu eksikliklere yönelik örnek bir dizin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada literatüre dayalı tarama tekniği ve görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma problemiyle ilgili dergiler, makaleler, tezler ve yazılı kaynaklar taranmış ve elde edilen verilerle görüşme sorularının genel yapısı oluşturulmuştur. Daha sonra, bu sorular alanında uzman kişilerden alınan görüş ve öneriler doğrultusunda araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanmıştır. Görüşme tekniği olarak "yapılandırılmış ve yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme sorusu" kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında farklı bölgelerde ve kurumlarda görev yapan 20 keman eğitimcisine ulaşılmıştır. Görüşmelerde katılımcıların rızasıyla, ses kayıt araçlarıyla kayda alınan veriler, MAXQDA Analytical Pro 2024 yazılımı ile temalara ve kodlara ayrıştırılmış, tablolaştırılmış ve yorumlanmıştır. Öğretim programlarından ve eğitimcilerle yapılan görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda, seviyelere göre sıralanmış etütler ve eserlerin sistematik bir şekilde öğretim programlarına eklenmesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, metodolojik bir dizinin keman öğrencilerinin akademik gelişimini ve eğitim sürecini nasıl etkileyebileceği araştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada keman eğitimi alanında eksikliği hissedilen "Metodolojik Dizin" ihtiyacı belirlenmiş ve veriler ışığında örnek dizin önerisi sunulmuşturThis thesis examines whether the etudes and works included in the contents of the violin education curricula from the Republican Period to the present day and today are included in the "Methodological Index" or with a "Methodological Index approach". In the study, the adequacy of the teaching materials used in violin education processes and curricula, educators' approaches to these materials and their approaches to the concept of "Methodological Index" were evaluated. It is aimed to determine the deficiencies in the contents of the existing violin education curricula and to develop a sample index for these deficiencies. Literature-based screening technique and interview technique were used in the research. Journals, articles, theses and written sources related to the research problem were scanned and the general structure of the interview questions was formed with the data obtained. Then, these questions were prepared by the researcher in line with the opinions and suggestions received from experts in the field. 'Structured and semi-structured interview questions' were used as the interview technique. Within the scope of the research, 20 violin educators working in different regions and institutions were reached. With the consent of the participants in the interviews, the data recorded with voice recording tools were separated into themes and codes, tabulated and interpreted with MAXQDA Analytical Pro 2024 software. In line with the data obtained from the curricula and interviews with educators, it was concluded that etudes and works ordered according to levels should be systematically added to the curricula. In addition, it was investigated how a methodological sequence can affect the academic development and educational process of violin students. As a result, in this study, the need for a "Methodological Index", which is felt to be lacking in the field of violin education, was determined and a sample index proposal was presented in the light of the data