Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica Online (Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra)
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Physiological responses of genotypes soybean to simulated drought stress
Get PDFReceived: 2016-11-23 | Accepted: 2016-04-14 | Available online: 2016-12-22http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2016.19.04.157-162The objective of this research was to investigate possible genetic variation in the sensitivity of soybean cultivars for nitrogen fixation rates in response to soil drying. The work confirmed that the selected physiological characteristics (RWC, osmotic potential, stress index and created nodules on roots) are good evaluating parameters for the determination of water stress in plant. In the floricultural year 2014 an experiment with four genetic resources of soybean was launched. Sowing of Maverick (USA), Drina (HRV), Nigra (SVK) and Polanka (CZK) genotypes was carried out in the containers of 15 l capacity. This stress had a negative impact on the physiological parameters. By comparing the RWC values, the decrease was more significant at the end of dehydration, which was monitored in Maverick and Drina genotypes using the Nitrazon inoculants and water stress effect. Inoculated stressed Nigra and Polanka genotypes have kept higher water content till the end of dehydration period. Also the proline accumulation was monitored during the water stress, whilst higher content of free proline reached of Maverick. More remarkable decrease of osmotic potential was again registered in a foreign Drina and Maverick genotypes in the inoculated variations. Nigra and Polanka genotypes responses not so significant in the given conditions. Key words: soybean, drought, stress, inoculation of NitrazonReferencesCANDRÁKOVÁ, E. and LÍŠKA, E. (2006) Vplyv teplotných a vlahových podmienok na tvorbu úrody hrachu siateho, Influence of Temperature and Water Conditions on Field Pea Yield Formation. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 57-61.DOWNIE, J. A. (1998) Functions of rhizobial nodulation genes. In Spaink, H. P., Kondorosi A. and Hooykaas, P. J. J. (ed.), Rhizobiacee. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publisher, pp. 387.FAROOQ, M. et. al. (2009) Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, pp. 153–188. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10440040802548555FISCHER, R.A. and MAURER, R. (1978) Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield response. Aust. J. Agric. Res., vol. 29, pp. 897–907. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AR9780897FREDERICK, J.R., CAMP, C.R. and BAUER, P.J. (2001) Drought-stress effects on branch and mainstem seed yield and yield components of determinate soybean. Crop Science, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 759-763. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2001JAMES, A. T., LAWN R. J. and COOPER, M. (2008) Genotypic variation for drought stress response traits in soybean. I. Variation in soybean and wild Glycine spp. for epidermal conductance, osmotic potential, and relative water content. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 59, no.7, pp. 656–669. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AR07159KU, Y. S., AU-YEUNG, W. K. and YUNG, Y. L. (2013) Drought Stress and Tolerance in Soybean. Chapter 10. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.5772/52945LEPORT, L. et aL. (2003) Physiological responses of cool-season grain legumes to drought in the lowrainfall Mediterranean environment of south-western Australia. In: N.P. Saxena (Ed.), Management of Agricultural Drought: Agronomic and Genetic Options, pp. 163–172, Enfield: Science Publishers.MALHOTRA, R.S., SARKER, A. and SAXENA, M.C. (2004) Drought tolerance in chickpea and lentil-present status and future strategies. Challenges and Strategies for Dryland Agriculture, no. 32, pp. 257–273.MIRABELLLA, R., (2004) Role of ROP GTPases and NodFactor Signaling in Medicago Root Nodule Infection: Thesis. Wageningen: Wageningen University, 160p.PATTERSON, T.G. and LARNE, T.A. (1983) Nitrogen fixation by soybeans. Seasonal and cultivar effects, and comparison of estimates. Crop Science, vol. 23, no.3, pp. 488-492. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1983.0011183X002300030012xRASAEI, B., GHOBADI, M.E. and AMIRI, M. K. (2013) Effect of osmotic potential on germination and seedling characteristics of soybean seeds. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. vol., 5, no.11, 1265-1268.RICCARDI, L.,POLIGNANO, G.B. and DE GIOVANNI, C. (2001) Genotypic response of Faba bean to water stress. Euphytica, vol.118, no.1. pp. 39–46. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004078017159SANCHOLI, G., MOBASSER, H. R. and FANAEI, H. R. (2015) Effect Inoculation of Soybean Cultivars with bacteria Rhizobium japonicum in Sistan. Biological Forum – An International Journal no.1, pp. 552-558. ISSN 0975-1130.SADEGHIPOUR, O. and ABBASI, S. (2012) Soybean response to drought and seed inoculation. World Applied Sciences Journal, vol.1, no.1, pp. 55-60. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2004.00462.xVIRGINIA, S., PAGAN, M. and COOPER, M. (2012) Genetic Analysis of Relative Water Content (RWC) in Two Recombinant Inbred Line Populations of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Journal of Plant Genome Sciences, vol. 1, no. 2. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5147/jpgs.2012.005
Detection of SNP effects on feed conversion ratio in pigs based on entropy approach.
Get PDFThe objectives of the study were to classify SNPs according to their contribution to the feed conversion ratio and to indicate interactions between the most informative SNPs using entropy analysis. The records of 1296 pigs were included. Two selection criteria for molecular data were applied: call rate 0.95 and minor allele frequency 0.05. After this, 50 951 SNPs were included into the entropy analysis. For each SNP entropy and conditional entropy were estimated. For interaction analyses the most informative SNPs were selected. For each pair of SNPs, the mutual information was assessed. A majority of the loci studied showed relatively small contributions. The most informative SNPs are mainly located on chromosomes: 1, 4, 7, 9 and 14. Whereas important interactions between SNP pairs were detected on chromosomes: 1, 14, 15 and 16. High mutual information was registered for SNPs located nearby.
Bovine beta casein A1 variant as risk factor for human health
Get PDFMilk and dairy products such as cheese, yoghurt, butter and many others are for its rich source of protein and minerals important part of human nutrition. Milk protein is a source of peptides that are bioactive including: antibacterial activity, antihypertensive activity, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACE-I) activity and opioid activity. The term “opioid” refers to chemical substances that have a morphine-like activity in the body. Some of them are known to play an important role in the response to stress and pain, and the control of food intake. The first pharmacological descriptions of milk-derived peptides were ß-casomorphins. Many studies show that ß-casomorphin-7 and other peptides have the possible effects up on the central nervous system, a certain relationship with the child sudden death syndrome, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease, insulin - dependent diabetes mellitus (DM-1), auto-immune conditions, autism, schizophrenia and postpartum psychosis
How growth of a local organic box scheme influenced supplying farmers
Get PDFLocal food systems typically only involve a small amount of farmers and consumers. To analyse attempts to scale up local organic food systems, we explored a box scheme in Austria that had grown significantly, and interviewed 19 supplying farmers. Interviewees valued the way the products were marketed directly to consumers and the fair prices. The box scheme has managed growth by strengthening cooperation with larger vegetable farms and importers. Nevertheless, for the identity of the box scheme, small local producers were central.Keywords: local food system, scaling-up, box scheme, organic agriculture, Austri
A main factors affecting average number of teats in pigs
Get PDFThe influence of factors (breed, year and season of farrowing, herd, parity order, sire of litter, total number of born piglets - TNB, number of piglets born alive - NBA, number of weaned piglets - NW, and linear and quadratic regression) on the number of teats, found for all piglets in the litter till ten days after born, expressed as arithmetic mean for each litter as sum of all teats number of each piglet in appropriate litter divided by number of piglets in this litter at first litter (ANT1) and second and subsequent litters (ANT2+) were analysed. The coefficient of determination was 0.46 and 0.33 for ANT1 and ANT2+, respectively. The statistically high influence (P<0.001) on ANT1 and ANT2+ was determined for year and season of farrowing, herd, parity order (only for ANT2+) and sire of litter effects. Impact of breed was found only on ANT2+ (P<0.001). The rest of factors have negligible of no impact on traits. Based on the data available for analyses, obtained results will serve as a relevant set-up in developing the model for genetic evaluation for these traits
An evaluation of growth ability in domestic geese
Get PDFThe growth potential of Landes, Pomeranian and Steinbacher geese breeds was evaluated in free-range management conditions. Goslings were individually weighted by electronic weight tool at the age of 1, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84 and 98 days. During rearing, goslings were fed standard feed mixture and were grazed in the pasture; water offered ad libitum. The results showed that egg weight was significantly correlated with hatching weight (0.79625). During rearing period, highest body weights of goslings we recorded in Pomeranian geese. There are significant differences among breeds, while most significant differences were observed in comparison Pomeranian with Steinbacher gees
Carbon storage in soil size-density fractions after 20 years of compost fertilization
Get PDFFractionation by particle size provides a rough differentiation between young active, and older intermediate and passive soil organic matter. Soil samples from three treatments of a 20 years` fertilization experiment, C2 which had been fertilized with 10 t ha-1 (wet wt.) compost per year on average, N2 with mineral N fertilizer at 32 kg N ha-1 year-1, and the unfertilized control (O) were subjected to particle size fractionation and to density fractionation. After low-energy sonication the samples were separated into the size fractions coarse sand (200-200 µm), fine sand (200-63 µm) silt (63-2 µm) and clay (2-0,1 µm). Density fractionation using Na-polytungstate with 1.8 g cm-3 density was applied to separate particulate organic matter (POM) from the sand-sized fraction. Compost fertilization resulted in an increase in Corg in all size and density fractions. In total, the Corg content was 10 % higher with compost fertilization than in the unfertilized control. Approximately 40 % of the additional soil carbon was located in the POM, 56 % in the silt-sized fraction and 3 % in the clay-sized fraction. With mineral N fertilization the sum of Corg contents of all fractions was about the same as without fertilization, with an increase of POM-Corg and a decrease of Corg in the silt and clay-sized fraction.Keywords: fractionation, particulate organic matter, POM, soil organic matte
Effects of biochar and biochar with nitrogen on soil organic matter and soil structure in haplic Luvisol
Get PDFReceived: 2016-06-08 | Accepted: 2016-10-26 | Available online: 2016-12-22http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2016.19.04.129-138An experiment of different application rates of biochar and biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer was conducted at the newlyestablished experimental field (spring 2014) on a Haplic Luvisol located in Nitra region of Slovakia during the growing season ofspring barley. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochar combined with fertilization on the soil organic matterand soil structure parameters. The treatments (3 replicates) consisted of 0, 10 and 20 t ha-1 of biochar application (B0, B10 andB20) combined with 0, 40 and 80 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer applied (N0, N40, N80). The results showed that the effect of biocharapplication without N fertilization significantly decreased the easily extractable glomalin in B10N0 and B20N0 compared to B0N0,respectively. The same effects were observed in B10N40 and B10N80. The soil organic matter (SOM) was rapidly degradable bymicro-organisms (on the base of lability index values) in B10N0 treatment and the SOM had greater stability and resistance tomicrobial degradation in B10N80 treatment. Added N fertilization in both doses together with 10 t biochar ha-1 had statisticalsignificant influence on decreasing of lability index values. The highest accumulation of carbon occurred in B20N0 treatment.The addition of biochar at 10 t ha-1 together with 80 kg ha-1 N significantly increased values of carbon pool index (24%) comparedto B10N0. Generally, the highest average content of macro-aggregates was found in the B20N0 treatment and then in B20N80 >B10N0 > B0N0 > B10N80 > B10N40 > B20N40. Treatment B10N0 showed robust increase (by 53%) for the macro-aggregates of >7 mm, but on the other hand it decreased content of macro-aggregates 3–1 mm compared to B0N0. A considerable increase ofaggregates stability was found in range of 19% in case of 20 t ha-1 of biochar application combined with 80 kg ha-1 N compared toB0N0. A positive effect on decrease of percentage of aggregate destruction was found only in case of B20N80 treatment comparedto B0N0.Keywords: biochar, N fertilization, carbon pool index, percentage of aggregate destruction, aggregate stabilityReferencesAbiven, S. et al. (2015) Biochar amendment increases maize root surface areas and branching: a shovelomics study in Zambia. In Plant Soil, vol. 342, pp. 1–11. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2533-2Alguacil, M.M. et al. (2014) Changes in the composition and diversity of AMF communities mediated by management practices in a Mediterranean soil are related with increases in soil biological activity. In Soil Biol. Biochem., vol. 76, pp. 34–44. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.05.002Atkinson, C.J. et al. 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(2016) In situ effects of biochar on aggregation, water retention and porosity in light-textured tropical soils.In Soil Till. Res., vol. 155, pp. 35–44. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.08.002Purakayastha, T.J. et al. (2015) Characterisation, stability, and microbial effects of four biochars produced from crop residues. In Geoderma, vol. 239-240, pp. 293–303. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.11.009Rabbi, S.M.F. et al. (2015) Aggregate hierarchy and carbon mineralization in two Oxisols of New South Wales, Australia. In Soil Till. Res., vol. 146, pp. 193–203. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.10.008Rillig, M.C. and Steinberg, P.D. (2002) Glomalin production by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus: a mechanism of habitat modification? In Soil Biol. Biochem., vol. 34, pp. 1371–1374. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00060-3Schepaschenko, D.G. et al. (2013) The pool of organic carbon in the soils of Russia. In Eur. 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Epistatic interactions on chromosome 14 influencing stillbirth in Fleckvieh cattle
Get PDFSingle nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data of 7384 Fleckvieh bulls was analyzed to identify epistatic interactions influencing stillbirth. Deregressed breeding values were used as phenotypes. The epistatic effects were identified as significant interaction terms from pairwise linear regressions performed for each SNP after accounting for multiple testing. Majority of the detected epistatic effects were located in the 9-31Mb region of chromosome 14, corresponding to the most significant region from the genome wide association. Additional epistatic SNPs at 50.5Mb and 80.5 Mb at the same chromosome were detected. The region around 25 Mb contained genes connected to height and body size such as PLAG1, CHCHD7, LYN, RDHE2 (SDR16C5) and PENK. The other interesting region at 50.5Mb contained the TRPS1 gene influencing bone malformations. Both regions have been identified as candidates influencing stillbirth
Effect of Humic Substances on the Production Parameters of Pheasant Hens
Get PDFReceived: 2015-07-15 | Accepted: 2015-11-03 | Available online: 2016-04-23dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2016.19.01.11-14There were observed the effects ofadministrationof humicsubstances on health, feed conversion, productionparameters, egg qualityandhatchabilityofpheasants. The supplement of humicsubstances at the concentration 0.5% in the feed mixture significantly influenced the hatchability percentage of pheasant chicks.The hatchability 72.9% was achieved in the group without addition of humic substances.On the contrary, the hatchability 83.4% was achieved in the experimental group in the case of addition of humic substances.The pheasants of the experimental grouphadahigher consumption of feed by 0.27 kgper 1 kg ofproduced eggs, lower production of eggsper one henand the weight of eggs was lower by 1.15 g. Keywords: pheasant, humic substances production, eggs, hatchabilityReferences ABDEL-MAGEED, M.A.A. (2012) Effect of dietary humic substances supplementation on performance and immunity of Japanese quail. Egyptian Poultry Science, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 645-660.ARAFAT, R.Y. et al. (2015) Effect of dietary humic acid via drinking water onthe performance and egg quality of commercial layers. American Journal of Biology and Life Sciences, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 26-30.EL-HUSSEINY, O.M., ABDALLAH, A.G. and ABDEL-LATIF, K.O. (2008) The influence of biological feed additives on broiler performance. International Journal of Poultry Science, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 862-871.EMEA (1999) Committee for veterinary medicinal products. Humic acids and their sodium salts. [Online] Last modified April 21, 2008. Retrieved October 10, 2015 from http://www.emea.eu.int/pdfs/vet/mrls/055499en.pdfEREN, M. et al. (2000) Broyler yemlerine katilan humatlarin besi performansi, serum mineral konsantrasyonu ve kemik külü üzerine etkileri. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 255-263.ESENBUĞA, N. et al. (2008) Effects of dietary humate supplementation to broilers on performance, slaughter, carcass and meat colour. In Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 88, no. 7, pp. 1201-1207. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3199HAYIRLI, A. et al. (2005) Nutrition Practice to Alleviate the Adverse Effects of Stress on Laying Performance, Metabolic Profile, and Egg Quality in Peak Producing Hens: I. The Humate Supplementation. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 1310-1319.KARAOGLU, M. et al. (2004) Effect of supplemental humate at different levels on the growth performance, slaughter and carcass traits of broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 406-410.KOCABAĞLI, N. et al. (2002) The effects of dietary humate supplementation on broiler growth and carcass yield. Poultry Science, vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 227-230.KUCUKERSAN, S. et al. (2005) The effects of humic acid on egg production and egg traits of laying hen.Veterinary Medicine (in Czech), vol. 50, no. 9, pp. 406-410.MIRNAWATI, Y.R. and MARLIDA, Y. (2013) Effects of humic acid addition via drinking water on the performance of broilers fed diets containing fermented and non-fermented palm kernel cake. Archiva Zootechnica, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 41-53.OZTURK, E. et al. (2009) Effects of dietary humic substances on egg production and egg shell quality of hens after peak laying period. African Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 1155-1159.OZTURK, E. et al. (2012) Performance, carcass, gastrointestinal tract and meat quality traits, and selected blood parameters of broilers fed diets supplemented with humic substances. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 92, no. 1, pp. 59-65. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4541SKOKANOVÁ, M. and DERCOVÁ, K. (2008) Humic acids. The origin and structure. Chemické Listy, vol. 102, no. 4, pp. 262-268 (in Slovak).STEVENSON, F.J. (1994) Humus Chemistry: Genesis, composition, reactions. 2. ed. New York: Wiley.VESELÁ, L. et al. (2005) Structure and properties of natural humic substances type oxihumolit. Chemické Listy, vol. 99, no. 10, pp. 711-717 (in Czech).YÖRÜK, M.A. et al. (2004) The effects of supplementation of humate and probiotic on egg production and quality parameters during the late laying period in hens. Poultry Science, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 84-88.