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Diversity of allochtonous substances detected in bee pollen pellets
Get PDFReceived: 2016-08-07 | Accepted: 2016-09-13 | Available online: 2017-09-30http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2017.20.03.60-65This paper quantifies the diversity of natural and artificial allochthonous materials in bee pollen pellets and assesses their impact on potential applications. Bee products used in medicine, pharmacology and food products contain honey bee wax, propolis and flower pollens, and bee pollen pellet composition is dependent on the flower’s locality and methods used in technological preparation and storage. The quality of commercially available pollen and its positive and negative mode-of-actions are significantly influenced by natural and artificial allochthonous substances. The flower pollen pellets for this study were obtained from the Levice district in the Slovak Republic and analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). These visual and chemical analyses confirmed; (i) 4 different botanical pollen species were present in the pellets, (ii) minimal harmful substances were detected; with bee fragments and dead fungal hyphae biomass noted, (iii) different types of soil particles/aggregates were adsorbed; mainly Fe, Si oxides, silicates and alumosilicates and (iv) analysis revealed one artificial Ti-Mn-Fe grain, but this was most likely a residue from technological processes. Determination of all hazardous substances is necessary for bee pollen to be widely commercially available as food nutritional and energy supplements, and this can be achieved by microscopic study and the wide range of current analytical techniques.Keywords: bee pollen, food sources, pollen pellets, soil particles, artificial contaminantsReferencesAlmeida-Muradian, L.B. et al. (2005) Chemical composition and botanical evaluation of dried bee pollen pellets. In Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, vol. 18, pp. 105−111.Campos, M.G.R. et al. (2008) Pollen composition and standardisation of analytical methods. In Journal of Apicultural Research, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 154−161.Chauzat, M.P. et al. (2006) A Survey of Pesticide Residues in Pollen Loads Collected by Honey Bees in France. In Journal of Economic Entomology, vol. 99, no. 2, pp. 253−262.ČURLÍK, J. (2011) Potentially toxic microelements and their distribution in soils of Slovakia. Bratislava: Suma print (in Slovak).de Oliveira, R. C. et al. (2016) Bee pollen as a bioindicator of environmental pesticide contamination. In Chemosphere, vol. 163, pp. 525−534.Estevinho, L.M. et al. (2012) Portuguese bee pollen: Palynological study, nutritional and microbiological evaluation. In International Journal of Food Science and Technology, vol. 47, pp. 429−435.Futák, J. (1984) Phytogeographical division of Slovakia. In Flóra Slovenska IV/1. Bratislava: Veda, pp. 418−419 (in Slovak).Hooda, P.S. et al. (2004) The potential impact of soil ingestion on human mineral nutrition. In Science of The Total Environment, vol. 333, pp. 75−87.Kačániová, M. et al. (2004) Microflora of the honeybee gastrointestinal tract. In Folia Microbiologica, vol., 49, no. 2, pp. 169−171.Kačániová, M. et al. (2011) Mycobiota and mycotoxins in bee pollen collected from different areas of Slovakia. In Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part B Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes, vol. 46, pp. 623−629.Kim, H., Suh, D.W. and Kim, N.J. (2013) Fe-Al-Mn-C lightweight structural alloys: A review on the microstructures and mechanical properties. In Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, vol. 14, pp. 1−12.Klimko, M., Kluza, M. and Kreft, A. (2000) Morphology of pollen grains in three varieties of Helianthus annuus L. In Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu CCCXXII Botanika, vol. 3, pp. 135−142.Knox, R.B. et al. (1997) Major grass pollen allergen Lol p 1 binds to diesel axhaust particles: Implications for asthma and air pollution. In Clinical and Experimental Allergy, vol. 27, pp. 246−251.Konvičková, Z. et al. (2016) Antimicrobial bionanocomposite–from precursors to the functional material in one simple step. In Journal of nanoparticle research, vol. 18, pp. 368.Kořenková, L. et al. (2017) Physiological response of culture media-grown barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to titanium oxide nanoparticles. In Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B: Soil and Plant Science, vol. 67, pp. 285−291.Lin, H., Gomez, I. and Meredith, J.C. (2013) Pollenkitt wetting mechanism enables species-specific tunable pollen adhesion. In Langmuir, vol. 29, pp. 3012−3023.Linskens, H.F. and Jorde, W. (1997) Pollen as food and medicine - A review. In Economic Botany, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 78−86.Mărgăoan, R. et al. (2010) Bee collected pollen–General aspects and chemical composition. In Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies, vol. 67, no. (1-2), pp. 254 −259.Miklós, L. et al. (2002) Landscape atlas of the Slovak Republic. Bratislava: Ministerstvo životného prostredia SR.Nogueira, C. et al. (2012) Commercial bee pollen with different geographical origins: A comprehensive approach. In International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 13, pp. 11173−11187.Ormstad, H., Johansen, B.V. and Gaarder, P.I. (1998) Airborne house dust particles and diesel exhaust particles as allergen carriers. In Clinical and Experimental Allergy, vol. 28, pp. 702−708.Punt, W. et al. (2007) Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. In Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, vol. 143, pp. 1−81.Ruby, M.V. et al. (1999) Advances in evaluating the oral bioavailability of inorganics in soil for use in human health risk assessment. In Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 33, pp. 3697−3705.Schulte, F. et al. (2008) Chemical characterization and classification of pollen. In Analytical Chemistry, vol. 80, pp. 9551−9556.Schulz, S. et al. (2000) Composition of lipids from sunflower pollen (Helianthus annuus). In Phytochemistry, vol. 54, pp. 325−336.ŠTRBA, P. and KOSÁR, G. (2012) Diversity of vascular plants in agricultural landscape of central part of Žitný ostrov region. In Biodiversity in agricultural landscape and ecosystem. International conference of the project REVERSE-INTERREG IVC. Piešťany: 13th of June 2012. Piešťany: Centre of Plant Production Piešťany, pp. 13−16 (in Slovak).Villanueva, M.T.O. et al. (2002) The importance of bee-collected pollen in the diet: A study of its composition. In International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, vol. 53, pp. 217−224
The effect of essential oils on quality and mineral composition of eggshell
Get PDFReceived: 2016-07-18 | Accepted: 2016-10-26 | Available online: 2017-06-20http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2017.20.01.36-40The aim of study was to analyse the dietary effect of pumpkin and flaxseed oils on quality and mineral composition of laying hens eggshell. At 38 weeks of age, Lohmann Brown Lite hens were housed in three-floor cages, divided into three dietary groups (C-control, E1-pumpkin oil (3 %), E2-flaxseed oil (3 %)). There were housed six hens in one cage. A total 18 hens were monitored. In the control group hens were fed with standard complete feed mixture for laying hens and in the experimental groups by feed mixtures with supplementation of pumpkin or flaxseed oils. Vitamin E was added into feed mixture in the experimental groups. The experiment lasted 52 days. Twelve eggs from each dietary treatment were randomly selected and analyzed. Significant (P < 0.05) differences between control and both experimental groups in eggshell strength and eggshell thickness were found. Pumpkin and flaxseed oil supplementations in feed ratio of layers had positive impact on quality of eggshell. As regards the mineral composition of eggshell, significantly (P ˂ 0.05) lower contents of magnesium, sodium, potassium and copper in experimental groups compared to the control were observed in eggshell. Significant (P ˂ 0.05) differences in content of calcium were detected only between E1 (pumpkin addition) and E2 (flaxseed addition).Keywords: eggshell, feed mixture, flaxseed oil, minerals, pumpkin oil References ANDJELKOVIC, M. et al. (2010) Phenolic compounds and some quality parameters of pumpkin seed oil. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, vol. 112, pp. 208-217. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200900021AOAC. (2000). Official methods of analysis. Washington: Association of official analytical chemists.ARPÁŠOVÁ, H. et al. (2014) The influence of oregano essential oil and Rhus coriaria L. on qualitative parameters and microbiological indicators of hens eggs content. Scientific Papers: Animal Science and Biotechnologies, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 6-12.ARPÁŠOVÁ, H. et al. (2015) The effect of selected feed additives on the shell qualitative parameters of table eggs. Scientific Papers: Animal Science and Biotechnologies, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 6-10.AYDIN, R., PARIZA, M. W. and COOK, M. E. (2001) Olive oil prevents the adverse effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on chick hatchability and egg quality. The Journal of Nutrition, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 800-806.BAR, A., VAX, E. and STRIEM, S. (1999) Relationships among age eggshell thickness and vitamin D metabolism and its expression in the laying hen. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology – Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, vol. 123, pp. 147-154.BOTSOGLOU, N. et al. (2005) The effect of feeding rosemary, oregano, saffron and alpha-tocopheryl acetate on hen performance and oxidative stability of eggs. South African Journal of Animal Science, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 143-151.European Commission (2007): Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007 of 28 June 2007 on organic production and labelling of organic and repealing regulation (EEC), 2092/91. Official Journal, L 189, 20/07/2007, pp.1-23.FAITARONE, A. B. G. et al. (2013) Cholesterol levels and nutritional composition of commercial layers eggs fed diets with different vegetable oils. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 31-38.HASHEMI, J. M. (2013) Pumpkin seed oil and vitamin E improve reproductive function of male rats inflicted by testicular injury. World Applied Sciences Journal, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 1351-1359. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.23.10.13153HERKEĽ, R. et al. (2016) The effect of a phytogenic additive on nutritional composition of turkey meat. Journal of Central European Agriculture, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 25-39. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5513/JCEA01/17.1.1664CHERIAN, G., CAMPBELL, A. and PARKER, T. (2009) Egg quality and lipid composition of eggs from hens fed Camelina sativa. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, vol. 18, pp.143-150. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr.2008-00070CHETTY, K. N. et al. (2004) Garlic induced alteration in liver mineral concentrations in corn oil and olive oil fed rats. Pathophysiology, vol. 11, pp. 129-131.KÓŇA, J., ĎUROVKA, M. and TANCÍK, J. (2007) Pumpkin vegetables. Nitra: Garmond. 148 p.KUCUKERSAN, K., YESILBAG, D. and KUCUKERSAN, S. (2010) Influence of different dietary oil sources on performance and cholesterol content of egg yolk in laying hens. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences, vol. 4, pp. 117-122.LI-CHAN, E. C. Y. and KIM, H. O. (2008) Structure and chemical composition of eggs. In: MINE, Y (Ed.). Egg bioscience and biotechnology, Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, pp. 1-8.LOKAEWMANEE, K. et al. (2014) Eggshell quality, eggshell structure and small intestinal histology in laying hens fed dietary Pantoea-6 and plant extracts. Italian Journal of Animal Science, vol. 13, pp. 332-339. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2014.3163NAGY, J. et al. (2009) Hygiene of poultry meat, eggs and venison. Košice: Editorial Centre of University of Veterinary Medicine, pp. 291–338.NYS, Y. et al. (1999) Avian eggshell mineralization. Poultry and Avian Biology Reviews, vol. 10, pp. 143-166.PANDA, A., RAMA, R. S. and RAJU, M. (2009) Phytobiotics, a natural growth promoter. Poultry international, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 10-11.PARK, J. H., UPADHAYA, S. D. and KIM, I. H. (2015) Effect of dietary Marine Microalgae (Schizochytrium) powder on egg production, blood lipid profiles, egg quality, and fatty acid composition of egg yolk in layers. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 391-397. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.14.0463SHAKOOR, H. I. et al. (2002) Effect of feeding canola and soybean oils on serum lipid profile in commercial layers. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, vol. 22, pp. 48-51.SHAKOOR, H. I. et al. (2003) Comparative study on the effects of feeding canola and soybean oils on egg production and cholesterol in commercial layers. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, vol. 23, pp. 22-26.STEVENSON, D. G. et al. (2007) Oil and tocopherol content and composition of pumpkin seed oil in 12 cultivars. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. vol. 55, pp. 4005-4013.SUGINO, H., NITODA, T. and JUNEJA, L. R. (1997) General chemical composition of hen eggs. In: YAMAMOTO, T. et al. (eds.). Hen eggs: Their basic and applied science. New York: CRC Press, pp. 13-24.TŮMOVÁ, E., GOUS, R. M. and TYLER, N. (2014) Effect of hen age, environmental temperature, and oviposition time on egg shell quality and egg shell and serum mineral contents in laying and broiler breeder hens. Czech Journal of Animal Science, vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 435-443.ZELENKA, J. et al. (2008) The effect of dietary linseed oils with different fatty acid pattern on the content of fatty acids in chicken meat. Veterinarni Medicina, no. 2, pp. 77-85.ZHANG, Z. F. and KIM, I. H. (2014) Effects of dietary olive oil on egg quality, serum cholesterol characteristics, and yolk fatty acid concentrations in laying hens. Journal of Applied Animal Research, vol. 42, pp. 233-237. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2013.822815ZHAO, G. et al. (2007) Dietary α-linolenic acid inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in hypercholesterolemic subjects. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 385–391
Effect of ageing process on fungiform papillae density
Get PDFReceived: 2017-01-09 | Accepted: 2017-02-24 | Available online: 2017-06-20http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2017.20.01.31-35Ageing is accompanied by physiological changes in the human oral cavity. These include potential reduction of the fungiform papillae (FP) density which has been associated with impaired taste acuity. Because the studies have demonstrated either contrary or non-significant evidences, we decided to verify the hypothesis about FP reduction and ageing. Total of 150 human living subjects aged 19–87 years participated in the study. The tongues were stained with blue food dye, quantification area with 10 mm diameter was defined, and images of the tongues were captured with digital camera. The number of FP has been scored on each photo by five individual scorers according to a decision tree. The scoring was accomplished in ImageJ open source program using a cell counter plugin. The mean FP density value within all subjects was 18.02 ±15.95 FP per cm-2, the lowest and the highest values were 0.25 ±0.57 FP per cm-2 and 65.00 ±1.66 FP per cm-2 of the tongue tip, respectively. Based on age, the subjects were divided into categories with 6.0 increasing step, in order access effect of ageing on FP densities. Age categories were significantly different in mean FP densities as determined by Welch's F (8, 22.04) = 28.81, P < 0.01). The Games-Howell post hoc test revealed that participants aged 18–24 years had significantly higher FP densities than subjects aged more than 48 years. High degree of intra-groups variance was observed, which could reflect in non-significant differences between the other age groups. Nevertheless, the results were sufficient to support the hypothesis that FP quantity diminish with age.Keywords: fungiform papillae, density, tongue, ageingReferences ADDINSOFT. (2016) XLSTAT: Analyse de données et statistique avec MS Excel. Addinsoft.CORREA, M. et al. (2013). Changes in Fungiform Papillae Density During Development in Humans. Chemical Senses, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 519-527. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjt022CVIJANOVIC, N. et al. (2015). Oral and intestinal sweet and fat tasting: impact of receptor polymorphisms and dietary modulation for metabolic disease. Nutrition Reviews, vol. 73, no. 5, pp. 318-334. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuu026FISCHER, M. et al. (2013). Factors Related to Fungiform Papillae Density: The Beaver Dam Offspring Study. Chemical Senses, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 669-677. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjt033FENG, P., HUANG, L. and WANG, H. 2013. Taste Bud Homeostasis in Health, Disease, and Aging. Chemical Senses, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 3-16. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjt059GARNEAU, N. et al. (2014). Crowdsourcing taste research: genetic and phenotypic predictors of bitter taste perception as a model. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, vol. 8, no. 33, pp. 1-8. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2014.00033IKEDA, M. et al. (2007). Causative factors of taste disorders in the elderly, and therapeutic effects of zinc. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology, vol. 122, no. 2, pp. 155-160. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215107008833IMOSCOPI, A. et al. (2012). Taste loss in the elderly: epidemiology, causes and consequences. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 570-579. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3275/8520JUST, T. et al. (2006). Contact Endoscopic Comparison of Morphology of Human Fungiform Papillae of Healthy Subjects and Patients with Transected Chorda Tympani Nerve. The Laryngoscope, vol. 116, no. 7, pp. 1216-1222. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mlg.0000224509.61099.29KONSTANTINIDIS, I. et al. (2010). Effects of smoking on taste: Assessment with contact endoscopy and taste strips. 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Comparative sensitivity of maize weevil to essential oil of Hoslundia opposita Vahl leaves subjected to different drying regimes
Get PDFReceived: 2016-06-11 | Accepted: 2016-07-28 | Available online: 2017-09-30http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2017.20.03.54-59Botanical essential oils (EOs) are effective alternatives to over-dependence on synthetic insecticides in stored product protection. However, the burden of handling bulky fresh botanicals needed for EO extraction and the tendency of the freshly harvested botanical to rot in transit, if wrongly handled, can be bottlenecks to pilot scale application of EO. Therefore, this study evaluates the comparative efficacy of the EOs obtained from freshly harvested Hoslundia opposita Vahl (Lamiaceae) and plants exposed to different shade-drying regimes (1-5 days) against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, under laboratory conditions. Evaluation included fumigant toxicity and repellence bioassays. At 2 hours after exposure (HAE), EO of freshly harvested H. opposita leaves caused significantly (P < 0.001) lower mortality (53.30 %) than the value observed in H. opposita leaves dried for 5 days (90.00 %). The lethal time for 90.00 % of the weevils (LT90) obtained in EO from H. opposita leaves dried for 5 days (2.00 h) was significantly lower than 2.80 and 7.14 h obtained in EOs from the fresh and 1 day-dried leaves, respectively. At 1 HAE, EOs obtained from H. opposita leaves dried for 4 and 5 days caused 60.00 % repellence which was significantly higher than 20.00 % observed in fresh leaves. At 2 HAE, EOs obtained from H. opposita dried for 4 and 5 days caused significantly higher repellence (100.00 and 80.00 %, respectively) than what was observed in fresh leaves (70.00 %). The results imply that shade drying freshly harvested H. opposita leaves has no deleterious effects on the efficacy of its EO against maize weevil.Keywords: bird gooseberry, botanical essential oils, drying regimes, Hoslundia opposita Vahl., insecticidal, maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais MotschulskyReferences AGAH, M. and NAJAFIAN, S. (2012) Essential oil content and composition of Lippa citriodora as affected by drying method before flowering stages. In European Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 2, no 5, pp 1771-1777.ARABHOSSEINI, A. et al. (2006) Loss of essential oil of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) due to drying. In Journal of the Scence of Food and Agriculture, vol. 86, pp 2543-2550. doi:http://dx.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2641BABARINDE G. O., BABARINDE S. A. and OGUNSOLA S. O. (2013a) Effect of maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky 1855) infestation on the quality of three commercial pastas. In Food Science and Quality Management, vol. 21, pp 1-11.BABARINDE S. A. et al. (2013b) Effect of the prevalent insect species of yam chips on consumers’ acceptability of yam paste. Agriculturae Tropica Subtropica, vol. 46, no. 3, pp 97-101. doi: https://dx.http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2013-0017BABARINDE S. A. et al. (2008a) Potential of Tithonia diversifolia with Pirimiphos-methyl in control of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). In African Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, vol. 2 no. 2, pp 77–80.BABARINDE S. A. et al. (2015) First report of toxicity of Xylopia parviflora (A. Rich.) Benth (Annonaceae) root bark's essential oil against cowpea seed bruchid, Callososbruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). In Natural Product Reearch, vol. 29 no. 4, pp 349-352. doi:http://dx.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.940943BABARINDE S. A. et al. (2017a) Chemical composition of the essential oil of Nigeria grown Hoslundia opposita VAHL (Lamiaceae) dried leaves and its bioactivity against cowpea Seed Bruchid. In Chemistry and Biodiversity, vol.14, (In Press). doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201600418BABARINDE S. A. et al. (2017b) Insectifugal and insecticidal potentials of two tropical botanical essential oils against cowpea seed bruchid. In Environmental Science and Pollution Research (In Press). doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9589-xBABARINDE S. A., SOSINA A. and OYEYIOLA E. I. (2008b) Susceptibility of selected crop in storage to Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky in southwestern Nigeria. In Journal of Plant Protection Research, vol. 48, no. 4, pp 541-550.BABARINDE S. A. et al. (2014) Toxicity and repellence of Hoslundia opposita Vahl (Lamiaceae) leaves’ essential oil against rust-red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). In Natural Product Reearch, vol. 28, no. 6, pp 361-371. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2013.866115BOUGHERRA H. H. et al. (2015) Pistacia lentiscus essential oil has repellent effect against three major insect pests of pasta. In Industrial Crops and Products,vol. 63, pp 249-255. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.09.048CONTI B. et al. (2010) Repellence of essential oils from tropical and Mediterranean Lamiaceae against Sitophilus zeamais. In Bulletin of Insectology, vol 63, no. 2, pp 197-202.HANAA, A. R. M. et al. (2012) Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil as affected by drying methods. In Annals of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 57 no. 2, pp 113-116. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2012.08.004HERRERA J. M. et al. (2014) Fumigant toxicity from five essential oils rich in ketones against Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky). In Agriscientia, vol. 31, no. 1, pp 35-41.KHALID K. A., HU W. and CAI W. (2008) The effects of harvesting and different drying methods on the essential oil composition of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.). In Journal of Essential Oil Beaing Plants, vol. 11, no. 4, pp 342-349. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2008.10643639KHANGHOLI S. P. and REZAEINODEHI A. (2008) Effect of drying temperature on essential oil content and composition of Sweet Wonnwood (Artemisia annua) growing wild in Iran. In Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 11, no. 6, pp 934-937.Lira C. S. et al. (2015) Evaluation of the toxicity of essential oil from Alpinia purpurata inflorescences to Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevil). In Crop Protection, vol. 71, pp 95-100. Doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2015.02.004MAHESWARAN R. and IGNACIMUTHU S. (2013) Bioefficacy of essential oil from Polygonum hydropiper L. against mosquitoes, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. In Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 97 no. 1, pp 26-31. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.06.028MOHARRAMIPOUR S. and NEGAHBAN M. (2014) Plant essential oils and pest management. In: SAHAYARAJ, K. (ed): Basic and applied aspects of biopesticides. New Delhi: Springer, India. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1877-7-7OMIDBAIGI R., SEFIDKON F. and KAZEMI F. (2004) Influence of drying methods on the essential oil content and composition of Roman chamomile. In Flavour and Fragrance Journal, vol. 19, no. 3, pp 196-198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1340 PIMIENTA-RAMÍREZ L. et al. (2016) Chemical composition and evaluation of the essential oil from Eupatorium glabratum as biopesticide against Sitophilus zeamais and several stored maize fungi. In Journal of Essential Oil Research, vol. 28, no. 2, pp 113-120. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1093969RAHIMMALEK M. and GOLI S. A. H. (2013) Evaluation of six drying treatments with respect to essential oil yield, composition and color characteristics of Thymys daenensis subsp. daenensis. Celak leaves. In Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 42, pp 613-619. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.06.012SANTOS A. C. V. et al. (2015) Use of plant oils from the southwestern Amazon for the control of maize weevil. In Journal of Stored Product Research, vol. 63, pp 67-70.doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2015.07.002SELLAMI I. H.. et al.. (2011). Qualitative and quantitative changes in the essential oil of Laurus nobilis L. leaves as affected by different drying methods. In Food Chemistry, vol. 126, no. 2, pp 691-697. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.022SHAHHOSEINI R.et al. (2013) The effect of different drying methods on the content and chemical composition of essential oil of Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora). In Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Pants, vol. 16, No. 4, pp 474–81. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2013.813270SPSS. (2006) Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Version 15.0 for Windows.TELES S. et al. (2013). Effect of geographical origin on the essential oil content and composition of fresh and dried Mentha villosa Hudson leaves. In Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 46, no. 1; pp 1-7. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.12.009 USMAN L. A. et al. ( 2016) Phytochemical profile and insecticidal activity of essential oil from fresh and dried leaves of the Nigerian grown Citrus meyeri. In Journal of Turkish Chemical Society (Section A), vol. 3, no. 2, pp 207-218. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.0933
The most important sires in Pinzgau population
Get PDFReceived: 2016-05-24 | Accepted: 2016-08-02 | Available online: 2017-06-20http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2017.20.01.28-30The aim of this study was to calculate the inbreeding coefficients of the most used sires in population of Slovak Pinzgau and summarize milk production of theirs daughters as main criterion in present in selection of sires besides pedigree based level of inbreeding of future progeny. The runs of homozygosity (ROH) greater than 4 Mb cover on average 1.9 % of genome, ROH ˃ 8 Mb cover 1.3 % and ROH ˃ 16 Mb cover 0.4. Obtained results were compared to genealogical pedigree analysis; the observed inbreeding was higher than that expected based on pedigree data (0.16 %), despite the fact that ROH > 16 Mb representing recent inbreeding approximately three generations ago. The average milk performance of evaluated Slovak Pinzgau cows has been 5259 kg of milk, 3.6 % of protein and 3.85 % of fat. These results are important for the management of the Pinzgau population in Slovakia due to more precise values of inbreeding obtained as well as knowledge about the ancient inbreeding which was not possible to estimate from the pedigree data.Keywords: inbreeding, milk performance, runs of homozygosity, Slovak Pinzgau cattleReferencesALBRECHTSEN A., NIELSEN F.C. and NIELSEN R. (2010) Ascertainment biases in SNP chips affect measures of population divergence. Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 27, pp. 2534-2547. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq148BJELLAND, D.W. et al. (2013) Evaluation of inbreeding depression in Holstein cattle using whole-genome SNP markers and alternative measures of genomic inbreeding. Journal of Dairy Science, vol. 96, pp. 4697-4706. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-6435CHARLESWORTH, D. and WILLIS, J. (2009) The genetics of inbreeding depression. Nature Reviews Genetics, vol. 10, pp. 783-796. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg2664FERENČAKOVIĆ, M. et al. (2011) Runs of Homozygosity Reveal Genomewide Autozygosity in the Austrian Fleckvieh Cattle. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 325-328.GURGUL, A., et al. (2016) The use of runs of homozygosity for estimation of recent inbreeding in Holstein cattle. Journal of Applied Genetics, vol. 57, pp. 1-4. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13353-016-0337-6GUTIÉRREZ, J.P. et al. (2008) Individual increase in inbreeding allows estimating realised effective sizes from pedigrees. Genetics Selection Evolution, vol. 40, pp. 359-378. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1297-9686-40-4-359MARRAS, G. et al. (2015) Analysis of runs of homozygosity and their relationship with inbreeding in five cattle breeds farmed in Italy. Animal Genetics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 110-121. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/age.12259PAVLÍK, I. et al. (2014) Joint genealogical analysis as a tool for diversity evaluation in Pinzgau cattle populations. Archive Tierzucht, vol. 57, no. 14, pp. 1-12. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7482/0003-9438-57-014PURCELL, S. et al. (2007) PLINK: a toolset for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analysis. The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 81, pp. 559-575. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/519795SAS Institute Inc: SAS/STAT Software. (2011) Cary NC: SAS Institute Inc: Version 9.3.THE BREEDING SERVICES OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC. (2014) Results of dairy herd milk recording in Slovak Republic for control year 2013-2014. [Online]. Available at http://pssr.sk/org/publ/2014/hd/rocenka/ml_13_14/rocenka/Mliekova_rocenka_2014.pdf. [Accessed: 1st March 2017]
Important genealogical bloodlines of Pinzgau cattle in Slovakia
No full textReceived: 2016-05-26 | Accepted: 2016-06-13 | Available online: 2017-03-31http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2017.20.01.13-15The aim of this paper was to analyze sire bloodlines within the Slovak Pinzgau cattle population. There were 13 genealogical bloodlines found together. The most widespread bloodline was Apollo. The average estimated breeding values according to sire bloodlines were predominately negative. The best milk production EBV were found in Benito line (-39.35 kg). The best growth ability according to EBV for weaning weight (210 days) was found in Karst bloodline (+3.39 kg). Significant influence of genealogical bloodline was found on EBV for weight in 365 days, protein production and weaning weight (210 days).ReferencesANTALÍK, P. and STRAPÁK, P. (2010). The evaluation of milkability of Slovak Pinzgau cattle by lactocorder. Slovak J. Anim. Sci., vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 173–178.ERHARD L. and. SCHMID, D. O. (1965). Blood Group Studies on Pinzgau-Cattle. Matoušek, J. (ed). Blood Groups of Animals. Proceedings of the 9th European Animal Blood Group Conference (First Conference Arranged by E.S.A.B.R.) held in Prague, August 18–22, 1964. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-6289-2_5KADLEČÍK, O. et al. (2004) Development of dual-purpose Pinzgau cattle. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. 128 p.KASARDA, R. and KADLEČÍK, O. (2007) An economic impact of inbreeding in the purebred population of Pinzgau cattle in Slovakia on milk production traits. Czech Journal of Animal Science, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 8–13.KASARDA, R. et al. (2014) Influence of mating systems and selection intensity on the extent of inbreeding and genetic gain in the Slovak Pinzgau cattle. Czech Journal of Animal Science, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 219–226.PAVLÍK, I. et al. (2014) Joint genealogical analysis as a tool for diversity evaluation in Pinzgau cattle populations. Archiv Tierzucht, vol. 57, no. 14, pp. 1–12.SAS. (2009) User´s Guide Version 9.2. SAS/STAT ® SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC, USA.ŠIDLOVÁ, V. et al. (2014a) Microsatellite analysis of population structure in Slovak Pinzgau cattle. Acta Agraria Kaposvárienis, vol. 18, supplement 1, pp. 24–29.ŠIDLOVA, V. – KASARDA, R. – MORAVČIKOVA, N. (2014b). Genealogic structure of Slovak Pinzgau cattle population. MendelNet 2014: International Scientific Conference Proceedings, Brno, November 19–20, 2014. pp. 187–191
Effect of feeding of different sources of NPN on production performance of dairy cows.
Get PDFReceived: 2016-04-11 | Accepted: 2016-05-04 | Available online: 2016-12-22http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2016.19.04.163-166The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of feeding of different sources of NPN on nutrient utilization and production performance of dairy cows under field conditions. Balancing diets for crude protein without consideration of protein quality or rumen degradability often led to overfeeding of nitrogen and less than optimum production. High yielding dairy cows separated in two groups with 85 resp. 80 cows in each were set up for the trial. Groups were consistent according the stage of production and reproduction cycle as well as age structure. Both groups were fed concentrate mixture with the same composition with only difference in NPN/ microbial protein source, with same dosage of 100 g per cow and day. Field trial was performed for period of 3 subsequent months. Performance data were collected in accordance with official milk recording. In both groups majority of cows were on first lactation. Significant differences in daily milk production were observed 2.87 kg (P<0.01) for group 2, in fat content 0.07 % for group 2 non-significant, whereas in protein content 0.18% for group 1 significant (P<0.01) in case of first lactations. If considering first tree lactations, group 2 produced 1.7 kg milk per day more (P<0.08), with 0.05% fat more and 0.002 % protein less than group 1. The space created in dry matter intake by a concentrated slow-release NPN can be filled with high quality forage that could reduce the cost of feeding while maintaining levels of production. Keywords: Holstein, slow-release urea, microbial protein, milk yieldReferences Bíro, D., Gálik, B., Juráček, M. et al. (2009) Effect of Biological and Biochemical Silage Additives on Final Nutritive, Hygienic and Fermentation Characteristics of Ensiled High Moisture Crimped Corn. Acta Veterinaria Brno, vol. 78 (4), pp. 691-698 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200978040691Bouška J. et al. (2006) Chov dojeného skotu, Profi Press, Praha, 2006Cantalapiedra-Hijar, G., Peyraud, J. L., Lemosquet, S. et al. (2014) Dietary carbohydrate composition modifies the milk N efficiency in late lactation cows fed low crude protein diets. Animal, vol. 8 (2), pp. 275-285 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1751731113002012Cappellozza, B. I., Bohnert, D. W., Schauer, C. S. et al. (2013) Daily and alternate day supplementation of urea or soybean meal to ruminants consuming low-quality cool-season forage: II. Effects on ruminal fermentation Livestock Science, vol. 155 (2-3), pp. 214-222 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2013.05.002De Boever, J. L., Blok, M. C., Millet, S. et al. (2014) The energy and protein value of wheat, maize and blend DDGS for cattle and evaluation of prediction methods. Animal, vol. 8(11), pp 1839–1850 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1751731114001815Harrison, G. A. and Karnezos T. P. (2005) Can we improve efficiency of nitrogen utilization in the lactating cow? Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition, vol. 15, 2005, 001-011pp.Hazuchová E. and Kasarda R. (2010) Evaluation of body condition score of lactating cows. 61st EAAP Annual Meeting, Heraklion. 2010. Book of Abstracts. 34, 26,p. 375Holder Vaughn B., El-Kadi, Samer W., Tricarico, Juan M. et al. (2013) The effects of crude protein concentration and slow release urea on nitrogen metabolism in Holstein steers. Archives of Animal Nutrition, vol. 67 (2), pp. 93-100 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2013.773647Kudrna V. and Homolka P. (2009) Vliv diety, zejména obsahu dusíkatých látek, na množství a kvalitu mléčné bílkoviny a zdraví dojnic, Výskumný ústav živočišné výroby, Praha – Uhříněves, 2009McGuire D. L., Bohnert, D. W., Schauer, C. S. et al. (2013) Daily and alternate day supplementation of urea or soybean meal to ruminants consuming low-quality cool-season forage: I-Effects on efficiency of nitrogen use and nutrient digestion Livestock Science, vol. 155, (2-3), pp. 205-213 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2013.05.015Šimko, M., Čerešňáková, Z. Bíro, D. et al. (2010) Influence of Wheat and Maize Starch on fermentation in the Rumen, Duodenal Nutrient Flow and Nutrient Digestibility. ActaVeterinaria Brno, vol. 79 (4), pp. 533-541 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201079040533Zeman, L. et al.(2006) Výživa a krmení hospodářských zvířat., Profi Press, Praha, 2006
Polymorphism in the gene FABP3 and its association with indicators of meat quality in pigs
Get PDFReceived: 2016-06-07 | Accepted: 2016-06-16 | Available online: 2016-12-22http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2016.19.04.171-173The objective of this study was to analyze the variability of the FABP3 gene (heart fatty acid-binding protein) in the population ofpig Czech large white breed and to analyze the association with parameters of meat quality. FABP3 belongs to multigene familyof FABPs (fatty acid binding proteins affecting the transport of long chain fatty acids). Analyzed polymorphism was at positionX98558:g.1321 G > C in the 5’ UTR region. The relative frequencies of genotypes were: HH = 0.87and Hh = 0.13. Genotype hh wasnot detected in the population. The frequencies of alleles were as follows: H = 0.93 and h = 0.07. There were statistically significantassociations between genotypes and values of stearic acid and linoleic acid. Highly statistically significant difference was observedwith palmitic acid.Keywords: SNP polymorphism, FABP3, pig, fatty acidsReferencesFERNANDEZ, X. et al. (1999) Influence of intramuscular fat content on the quality of pig meat. Composition of the lipid fraction and sensory characteristics of m. longissimus lumborum. Meat Sci, vol. 53, pp. 59–65.HAN X.et al. (2012) Investigation of four porcine candidate genes (H-FABP, MYOD1, UCP3 and MASTR) for meat quality traits in Large White pigs. Molecular Biology Reports, vol. 39, pp. 6599–6605.CHMURZYŃSKA, A. (2006) The multigene family of fatty acid-binding protein (FABPs): Function, structure and polymorphism. Journal of Applied Genetics, vol. 47, no.1, pp. 39-48.MAHARANI, D. et al. (2012) Evaluation of Three Candidate Genes Affecting Fatty Acid Composition in Pigs. Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources, vol. 32, pp. 6–12.PANG, W.J., BAI, L. and YANG G.S. (2006) Relationship among H-FABP gene polymorphism, intramuscular fat content, and adipocyte lipid droplet content in main pig breeds with different genotypes in western China. Acta Genetica Sinica, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 515–524.REARDON, W.et al. (2010) Association of polymorphisms in candidate genes with colour, water-holding capacity, and composition traits in bovine M. longissimus and M. semimembranosus. Meat Sci, vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 270–275.TYRA, M.et al. (2010) H-FABP and LEPR gene expression profile in skeletal muscles and liver during ontogenesis in various breeds of pigs. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, vol. 40, pp. 147–154.WANG, W. et al. (2013) Candidate gene expression affects intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition in pigs. Journal of Applied Genetics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 113–118
Model of personalised risk assessment of phytoestrogen intake based on 11 SNP in ESR1 and ESR2 genes
No full textPhytoestrogens can induce biological responses in vertebrates by mimicking or modulating the action or production of endogenous hormones, and because of their structural similarity with estradiol they have the ability to cause estrogenic or anti-estrogenic effects. Risk assessment of phytoestrogens intake may therefore provide important information useful in the adjustment of nutrients composition, as one of nutrigenomics approaches. Proper risk assessment is an essential part of good nutrient composition. The current risk assessment procedures does use an additive effect of genes, but the accumulation of relevant factors do not count with the distribution of risk in the European population. A combination of approaches based on genetic score, along with the use of the data bases like 1000 genomes and dbSNP is a powerful tool for population risk modelling that would provide reasonable results without needs of as testing a representative number of individual genetic profiles
Contents of labile carbon and nitrogen under different soil management practices in a vineyard in an extremely humid year
Get PDFReceived: 2016-09-06 | Accepted: 2016-10-19 | Available online: 2017-03-31http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2017.20.01.16-19In a productive vineyard, the influence of different soil management practices on labile carbon and nitrogen and its dynamics of Rendzin Leptosol was studied. In 2006, an experiment of the different management practices in a productive vineyard was established in the locality of Nitra-Dražovce (part of the Nitra City), which is in the Nitra wine-growing area (Slovakia). The following treatments were established: 1. control Co (grass without fertilizers application), 2. T (tillage), 3. T + FM (tillage + farmyard manure), 4. G + NPK3 (grass + NPK 120-55-19 kg ha-1), 5. G + NPK1 (grass + NPK 80-35-135 kg ha-1). Soil samples were collected every month (0-20 cm), during the year 2010. The results showed that labile carbon content (CL) fluctuated from 1820 to 2673 mg kg-1 and the soil management practices had a statistically significant influence on CL. The CL contents under T, T + FYM, G + NPK1 and G + NPK3 increased by 6 %, 11 %, 5 % and 13 %, respectively compared to Co treatment. During 2010, the dynamics of CL found no trend in all treatments. The highest Npot content was in Co treatment (90 mg kg-1) than in other soil management practices in a vineyard. On average, there was a smaller higher value of Npot in T + FM (78 mg kg-1) than in G + NPK3 (77 mg kg-1). During 2010, the dynamics of Npot found no trend in all treatments, except Co treatment. In Co, the Npot decline at an average speed of 4.18 mg kg-1 year-1. The CL: Npot ratios were different and their values were significant correlated only with Npot (r = -0.854, P < 0.001). During 2010, the dynamics of CL: Npot ratio showed an increasing trend with time in Co treatment.Keywords: labile carbon, Rendzin Leptosol, potentially mineralizable nitrogen, vineyards, fertilizers applicationReferencesBlair, G.J. et al. (1995) Soil carbon fractions based on their degree of oxidation, and the development of a carbon management index for agricultural system. Aust. J. Agri. Res., vol. 46, pp. 1459–1466.Canellas, LP. et al. (2014) Soil organic matter quality from soils cropped by traditional peasants. Sustainable Agriculture Research, vol. 4, n. 3, pp. 63-74. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v3n4p63Fecenko, J. and Ložek, O. (2000). Nutrition and fertilization of field crops. Nitra: SUA. 452 p. (in Slovak).IUSS Working Group WRB (2006) World reference base for soil resources. World Soil Resources Reports no. 103. Rome: FAO.Janzen, H.H. et al. (1997) Soil organic matter dynamics and their relationship to soil quality. in: Gregorich, E.G. and Carter, M.R. (Eds.), Soil Quality for Crop Production and Ecosystem Health. Elservier, Amsterdam, pp. 277–291.KUZYAKOV, Y. et al. 2000. Review of mechanisms and quantification of priming effects. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol. 32, n. 11-12, pp. 1485–1498. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00084-5Liang B.C. and MacKenzie, A.F. (1996) Effect of fertilization on organic and microbial nitrogen using 15N under corn (Zea mays L.) in two Quebec soils. Fertil. Res., vol. 44, pp. 143–149.LoginoW, W. et al. (1987) Fractionation of organic carbon based on susceptibility to oxidation. Pol. J. Soil Sci., vol. 20, pp. 47–52.MASON, P.A. et al. (2000) Interactions of nitrogen and phosphorus on mycorrhizal development and shoot growth of Eucalyptus (Labill) seedings inoculated with two different ectomycorrhizal fungi. Forest Eco. Manage., vol. 128, pp. 259–268.Paterson, E. et al. (1997) Effect of elevated CO2 on rhizosphere carbon flow and soil microbial processes. Global Change Biol., vol. 3, pp. 363–377.Semenov, V.M. et al. (2013) Humification and Nonhumification Pathways of the Organic Matter Stabilization in Soil: A Review. Eurasian Soil Science, vol. 46, n. 4, pp. 355–368. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S106422931304011XSTANDFORD, G. and SMITH, S. J. (1978) Oxidative release of potentially mineralizable soil nitrogen by acid permanganate extraction. Soil Science, vol. 126, n. 4, pp. 210–218.Szombathová, N. (1999) The comparison of soil carbon susceptibility to oxidation by KMnO4 solutions in different farming systems. Humic substances in the environment, vol. 1, pp. 35–39.Šimanský, V. (2013) Soil organic matter in water-stable aggregates under different soil management practices in a productive vineyard. Arch. Agron. Soil Sci., vol. 59, pp. 1207–1214. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2012.708103ŠIMANSKÝ, V. and POLLÁKOVÁ, N. (2014) Soil organic matter and sorption capacity under different soil management practices in a productive vineyard. In Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 1145–1154. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2013.865837ŠIMANSKÝ, V. and JONCZAK, J. (2016) Water-stable aggregates as a key element in the stabilization of soil organic matter in the Chernozems. Carpathian journal of earth and environmental sciences, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 511-517.Tobiašová, E. et al. (2012) Influence of particle size distribution of soil on the quantity and quality of soil organic matter. Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 13–18