Kyoto Women's University
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4歳児にみられる協同性の芽生えと育ち : 和楽器探索の場面から
Get PDF本研究では4歳児の和楽器探索場面にみられた子ども同士の協同的な関わりより、5つの事例を取り上げ分析・考察を行った。その結果、拍を共有することが音楽的な協同性の成立とその持続にとって重要であることが分かった。また、楽器遊びに発展するための環境づくりには、子どもに見合ったサイズで、演奏しやすい楽器を選ぶだけでなく、子どもの興味をひく音色を持つ楽器を用意することが重要であることを示唆した
BRICS諸国の‘脱ドル化’策の現実と中国の対外金融の限界 : 中国は「ドル本位制」下の「最後の貸し手」か
Get PDFコロナ禍とウクライナ危機を契機に、いわゆるBRICS諸国の‘脱ドル化’の試みが報じられている。他方、この間人民元「国際化」と併せて世界から注目されてきた「一帯一路」であるが、これを金融面で担ってた中国の政策性銀行の開発金融は、近年大きな落ち込みを見せている。しかも、2022年春以降の金利引き上げは、AIIBやNDBの開発融資にも影響を与えているようである。本稿は、BRICS諸国のʻ脱ドル化ʼ策の限界について考察し、中国の開発金融の内実については、主にボストン大学の研究チームの成果を参照にしながら、その現実について明らかにしていく。 With the covid-19 coming under control and the outbreak of Ukraine war, ‘De-dollarization’ policies BRICS countries proposed have been reported consecutively. On the other, as the research team of Global Development Policy Center, Boston University, elaborately analyzed China’s development finance, which has been carried out in line with Belt and Road Initiative of China, seems declined in past years. This paper takes up BRICS’s ‘De-dollarization’ policies and China’s development finance, two of which have built China’s international financial policies, and reveals their limit and reality under ‘the US dollar standard system’
Starvation during L4-larval stage induces longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans
Get PDFThe effects of experiencing starvation during adolescence, during which significant physical growth and sexual maturation occurs, on adulthood have remained largely unknown. In addition, the influence of nutritional status during adolescence on brain maturation and function are discussed on the viewpoints of young people’s mental, psychology and behavior. In order to gain knowledge about the effects of starvation on adolescence, we starved the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans during its fourth larval stage (L4), and the lifespan and expression of genes in insulin/IGF-1 pathway, which is crucial to regulate lifespan, of the resulting adult worms were analyzed. The worm’s gonadogenesis and spermatogenesis take place during the L4 stage, making the stage a possible equivalence to human puberty. We found that worms which experienced starvation during their L4 stage had significantly longer lifespan, especially in the latter half of their lifespan, namely the aged worms lived longer. The relative expression of daf-16 in the insulin/IGF-1 pathway increased as worms become old, suggesting that the insulin/IGF-1 pathway functioned to extend lifespan in old worms. It was also observed that the locomotor ability (mobility) of L4-starved adult worms decreased. In addition, expression of ser-4, serotonin receptor, which was reported to be involved in lifespan regulation in worms, increased gradually toward late lifespan, suggesting that effect of experiencing starvation during L4 stage may also be regulated by serotonin. Our data posed a possibility that also in human, hunger and nutritional deficiencies in adolescence may affect health and activity in later adulthood
若年健常女性におけるエネルギー量の異なる夕食の糖質制限食が血糖指標に及ぼす影響 : 無作為化比較クロスオーバー試験
Get PDF緒論: 2型糖尿病患者に対するパイロット研究として若年健常女性を対象に，エネルギー量の異なる夕食の糖質制限食が血糖指標に与える影響を無作為化比較クロスオーバー法により検討した。方法: 対象者は，試験期間9日間のうち5日目と7日目の夕食に，主食（白飯200g）のエネルギー量を脂質及びタンパク質で補った糖質制限食，あるいは補わない糖質制限食を，それ以外はすべて標準糖質食を摂取し，間歇スキャン式持続血糖測定器を用いて血糖値を測定した。標準糖質食は1755kcalで炭水化物，脂質，タンパク質のエネルギー比率は，64％，21％，15％，エネルギー補充あり糖質制限食は1743kcalでそれぞれ48％，34％，18％，エネルギー補充なし糖質制限食は1419kcal でそれぞれ58％，25％，17％だった。結果: エネルギー補充の有無にかかわらず糖質制限食を摂取した夕食後の血糖上昇は抑制されたが，糖質制限食摂取翌日に標準糖質食に戻すと，糖質制限食摂取前と同様の標準糖質食を摂取しているにも関わらず，食後血糖値が有意に高くその影響は24時間持続した。エネルギー補充の有無による血糖指標の差はみられなかった。結論: 本研究結果より，2型糖尿病患者に糖質制限食を適応する場合には，急激な血糖上昇や低血糖を起こさないよう留意し，個人の身体状況や病態，ライフスタイルに合わせたより安全で効果的な糖質制限食を選択する必要があると考える。The purpose of this randomized controlled cross-over pilot study is to explore the effect of low-carbohydrate dinners with different energy on glycemic parameters in young healthy women. Participants consumed a lowcarbohydrate dinner replaced 200 g of boiled white rice with fat and protein (LCD) or a low-carbohydrate dinner without energy replacement (nLCD) on day 5 and 7 of the 9-day study period, and consumed standard-carbohydrate diet (SCD) for rest of meals. Blood glucose levels were measured continuously using intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM). Energy and energy ratio of carbohydrate, fat, and protein were 1755 kcal, 64%, 21%, 15% in SCD, 1743 kcal, 48%, 34%, 18% in LCD, and 1419 kcal, 58%, 25%, 17% in nLCD, respectively. Obviously, consumption of LCD and nLCD dinner suppressed the postprandial blood glucose concentrations. However, in the following day, the mean daily blood glucose, standard deviation of blood glucose, incremental blood glucose of breakfast and lunch, area under the glucose curve, and blood glucose after dinner were all significantly higher than the day before consuming LCD or nLCD and this reverse effect lasted 24 hours, despite the participants consumed the identical SCD meals. Since higher glycemic parameters were observed even in young healthy women when carbohydrates intake was increased after consumption of a low-carbohydrate diet, it might cause hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is important to choose an appropriate lowcarbohydrate diet for body weight, pathological condition, and life-style in individuals with type 2 diabetes
