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Global Patterns of Dental Morphological Variation: Revisiting ASUDAS Trait Frequencies
Get PDFDental morphological traits provide valuable insights into global human variation and population structure. The Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS) has long been a cornerstone for documenting crown and root morphology, yet recent discussions have questioned its reliability for characterising population differences. This study aimed to (i) identify the ASUDAS traits most commonly analysed in recent research, and (ii) compare their reported frequencies with those documented in the foundational work of Turner and Scott. A systematic review identified 43 eligible studies comprising 36,919 individuals representing all major subdivisions of humankind. Thirty variants across 27 distinct traits were recorded most frequently, and 29 of these were subjected to meta-analysis using randomeffects models. Nearly all traits showed significant between-group and within-group heterogeneity, indicating strong discriminatory potential but also substantial population-level variability. While broad patterns remain consistent with classic ASUDAS expectations, several traits exhibited expanded regional ranges, reflecting both greater sample diversity and admixture effects. These findings reaffirm the value of ASUDAS traits for describing broadscale morphological patterns while underscoring the need for multi-trait, population-specific, and context-specific approaches when interpreting dental morphology in anthropological research
Hydatidiform moles and mimics:an up-to-date review on morphology and immunocytochemistry to aid the diagnosis
No full textSporadic miscarriages occur in 10–20% of all pregnancies and affect one in four women. Products of conception (POC) are one of the commonest specimens submitted to the histopathology laboratory. The pathologist's role is to adequately sample, confirm a pregnancy and identify or exclude a molar pregnancy. This review summarises the genetic basis of the disease, key diagnostic features and ancillary investigations that can be employed to classify a gestation. Accurate and timely diagnosis of molar pregnancy ensures appropriate follow up and favourable outcomes.</p
Compost organic matter content varied five-fold and determined compost quality across 107 composts of the North Sea Region
Get PDFComposting is a widely used method to process organic waste residues. It results in a valuable product for soil application and use in growing media. The aim of this study was to investigate the variation in characteristics of composts produced in the North Sea Region, and the factors determining this variation. A total of 107 composts were categorized into two composting practices (produced on a farm or on a commercial composting facility) and three feedstock groups (manure combined with other wastes; green waste; fruit, vegetable and garden waste (fvg)), and measured for 67 physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Variation in the results was large, e.g., up to a factor 20 and 11 for total microbial biomass and potassium content, respectively, underlining the importance of compost characterization to target the intended compost use. Organic matter (OM) content varied between 14 and 73% of dry matter and was larger for Belgian composts compared to composts from The Netherlands, Denmark, Germany and Scotland. The OM content was positively correlated with total microbial biomass, cation exchange capacity and content of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) of composts. Farm composts, irrespective of the OM effect, exhibited higher total microbial biomass compared to commercial composts. Compost prepared from green waste had lower N and P contents compared to compost prepared from fvg or manure waste. The study documents characteristics in composts from diverse composting practices and feedstocks, providing a benchmark and enabling targeted improvements as a first step towards tailormade compost.</p
Feasibility of integrating depression care into tuberculosis services in India
Get PDFBackground Depression is three times more common in Tuberculosis (TB) patients than in the general population and worsens TB outcomes, often goes undetected or untreated. Integrating depression care into existing TB services is essential. Objectives To develop and assess the feasibility of a tailored care pathway that integrates depression screening and management into existing TB services in India. Methods The study was conducted in three TB care facilities in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, in two phases: (i)Co-design of tailored depression in the TB care pathway through a series of workshops. (ii)Testing the feasibility of the pathway A training manual was developed and used to train TB health workers. The feasibility of the care pathway was assessed by evaluating the proportion of persons with TB attending each facility during the study period who were screened for depression, as well as through a series of feedback workshops to assess acceptability. Results A total of 114/164 (69.51 %) TB patients underwent screening over a six month period, with seven reporting scores of over 2 on the PHQ-2. The feedback workshops identified the acceptability and appropriateness of the tools, as well as areas for improvement in knowledge and understanding. Addressing complex health issues such as suicidality, alcohol and tobacco use and the burden on existing staff due to a higher volume of cases reported as challenges. Conclusions This care pathway warrants further testing to establish its feasibility in a larger context and to understand how to optimise its wider implementation, scale-up and sustainability.</p
The year in vascular medicine:Highlights in Vasa – European Journal of Vascular Medicine 2025
Get PDFEnergy Bounds from Relative Magnetic Helicity in Spherical Shells
Get PDFRelative magnetic helicity is commonly used in solar physics to avoid the well known gauge ambiguity of standard magnetic helicity in magnetically open domains. But its physical interpretation is difficult owing to the invocation of a reference field. For the specific case of spherical shell domains (with potential reference field), relative helicity may be written intrinsically in terms of the magnetic field alone, without the need to calculate the reference field or its vector potential. We use this intrinsic expression to prove that non-zero relative helicity implies lower bounds for both magnetic energy and free magnetic energy, generalizing the important Arnol'd inequality known for closed-field magnetic helicity. Further, we derive a stronger energy bound by spatially decomposing the relative helicity over a magnetic partition of the domain to obtain a new ideal invariant which we call unsigned helicity. The bounds are illustrated with analytical linear force-free fields (that maximize relative helicity for given boundary conditions) as well as a non-potential data-driven model of the solar corona. These bounds confirm that both relative helicity and the unsigned helicity can influence the dynamics in the solar corona
Returns to college education of Chinese manufacturing employees:Who benefits more?
Get PDFUsing the China Employer-Employee Survey (CEES) data, this study examines the returns to college education for employees across China's manufacturing industry, most of them work in small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). Our baseline model finds that while the 1999 higher education (HE) expansion has no significant impact on college enrollment for male employees, it significantly increases college enrollment for female employees by 23.7% in the manufacturing sector. College education significantly increases the returns by 45.20% for males and 88.33% for females. Moreover, there is heterogeneity in the effects by potential gains: individuals who failed to attend college would have had a higher return compared to college graduates, indicating reverse selection into HE. Further analysis reveals that the effects are more pronounced among female managers, middle birth cohorts (born between 1984 and 1987), female vocation-track degree holders, and STEM graduates. Additionally, college education facilitates employment in roles requiring cognitive skills and reduces the likelihood of female employees performing physically demanding tasks
Effectiveness of lifestyle modification in prediabetes remission among women with isolated impaired fasting glucose:A community-based, randomised controlled trial in India
No full textAims: We evaluated the effectiveness of a lifestyle modification (LSM) intervention in prediabetes remission among women with isolated impaired fasting glucose (i-IFG). Methods: We conducted a community-based, parallel-group, open-label, randomised controlled trial in Kerala, India. Women aged 30–60 years with i-IFG were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either a 12-month LSM program or standard care (diabetes information booklet). Randomization was computer-generated with allocation concealed until assignment. The primary outcome was prediabetes remission based on oral glucose tolerance testing at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included progression to type 2 diabetes and changes in glycaemic markers, anthropometric measures, body composition, and blood pressure. Analyses followed the intention-to-treat approach. Results: Of 1092 participants randomised, 1080 (98.9 %) completed the 12-month follow-up. Prediabetes remission was significantly higher in the LSM group than in controls (45.9 % vs 6.3 %; RR 7.04, 95 % CI 5.12–10.06). LSM also produced greater improvements in fasting plasma glucose (–5.2 mg/dL), HbA1c (–0.09 %), HOMA2-IR (log) (–0.38), weight (–3.7 kg), waist circumference (–1.4 cm), fat mass (–2.9 kg), and fat-free mass (+0.86 kg). The number needed to treat for prediabetes remission was 2.8 (1.8–4.0). Conclusion: A structured LSM intervention effectively promotes prediabetes remission in women with i-IFG and improves cardio metabolic health.</p
Correction:Loss of the tumour suppressor LKB1/STK11 uncovers a leptin-mediated sensitivity mechanism to mitochondrial uncouplers for targeted cancer therapy (Molecular Cancer, (2024), 23, 1, (147), 10.1186/s12943-024-02061-4)
No full textCorrection: Mol Cancer 23, 147 (2024) Following publication of the original correspondence [1], the authors wish to extend their acknowledgements to provide a more clear and precise credit to Dr P Haramis, Dr L Mans and Dr G Gargiulo’s work that was included in their manuscript. First, they would like to thank Dr P Haramis and Dr L Mans for the work done in zebrafish and cite the data published in Dr Mans’ doctoral thesis [2] used in Figs. 1 C-F, S1B-E and S2 of the manuscript. They also thank Dr Haramis for her original concept of exploiting the hypermetabolic phenotype of lkb1 mutant zebrafish in a synthetic lethality screen. Finally, they would like to extend their acknowledgements to Dr G Gargiulo for the analysis of the RNA-seq experiments on zebrafish performed at the Genomics Core Facility of the NKI.</p
Mapping multisystemic protective resources supporting resilience among street youth:A systematic scoping review of qualitative studies
Get PDFStreet youth face and overcome multiple challenges. While these challenges are well-documented, also in systematic reviews, the resources facilitating street youth resilience to these challenges have not been synthesized. To close this gap, we conducted a systematic scoping review of studies reporting street youth experiences of resources that enabled them to effectively cope with street-related challenges. Scoping the literature involved a systematic search of 10 databases for qualitative or mixed methods studies that investigated the resilience of street youth aged 10 to 35. Twenty-five articles (from 3464 original records) were included, and we used a narrative approach (basic content analysis) to identify the systemic resources that street youth experienced as resilience-supporting. Guided by a multisystemic resilience approach, we found that personal resources (primarily agency and psychological ruggedness) and informal social resources (mostly other street peers) dominated accounts of street youth resilience. In contrast, very few studies reported cultural, institutional or physical environment resources, or combinations of resources, that went beyond psychosocial ones. In the absence of enabling institutional and physical environment supports, the narrow focus on psychosocial resources is unlikely to advance interventions and policy decisions that can optimize street youth resilience
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