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Wave-current-floating body interactions:Experiments and modelling
Get PDFThe interaction of combined waves and current with floating bodies is studiedby conducting laboratory experiments and by developing theoretical models.The laboratory experiments are conducted in a wave-current tank usingtwo floating cylinders with circular and square waterplane areas. Bothfreely floating and moored conditions are considered. Two theoretical modelsare developed to study wave-body and wave-current-body interactions: onebased on the computational fluid dynamics and the other following the linearwave-current diffraction theory using the Green function method. Resultsfrom these models are compared with laboratory measurements for a range ofwave and wave-current conditions. The study analyses the effect of ambientcurrent on the wave-induced motions of floating bodies and evaluates howwell the models capture the wave-current-body interactions. Additionally,the effect of the square cylinder’s sharp edges on wave-current-body interactionsis analysed in comparison to the circular cylinder, along with themodels’ capability to capture these effects. It is observed that the presenceof the current not only causes significant drift of the freely floating cylinders,but also affects their surge and pitch oscillations, while having no notable effecton heave motion. For the conditions considered, the linear theory basedon the Green function method provides overall good predictions of the floatingbodies’ responses at a significantly lower computational cost comparedto the computational fluid dynamics model
Progression to decompensation of severe fibrosis compared to cirrhosis in MASLD:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Get PDFBackground & Aims Metabolic associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasing in prevalence worldwide. Clinical practice is focused on identifying those with cirrhosis and monitoring for complications such as varices and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Non-invasive tests of fibrosis differentiate between F3 and F4 fibrosis poorly. People with F3 fibrosis, may progress and develop decompensated liver disease. The aim of this review is to examine the progression to decompensated liver disease in patients with F3 fibrosis compared to those with F4 fibrosis. Methods Searches were carried out in four databases; articles were screened by two independent reviewers against pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results29 studies were included in the review: 12 with paired liver biopsies, 2 progression to cirrhosis, 13 progression to decompensation, 2 portal hypertension in F3 fibrosis and 13 on HCC in F3 fibrosis. Rates of progression on paired biopsies were 16-30% over varied follow-up. Varices were found in 16% of patients with F3 fibrosis and rates of non-cirrhotic HCC varied from 37-75%. Pooled univariate HR for F3 progression and F4 progression to major adverse liver outcomes (MALO) were 8.15 (95%CI 3.42-19.43) and 38.16 (95%CI 11.58-125.76) respectively. Conclusions Progression to cirrhosis and decompensation events occurs in a significant proportion of patients with F3 fibrosis in MASLD. There is evidence of portal hypertension and HCC developing in F3 MASLD. Further work to identify risk groups, including those at risk of rapid progression to guide future clinical management are urgently required given the prognostic inflection of decompensated disease
The economic burden of melanoma in the UK:a stage-specific cost analysis underscoring the importance of prevention and early diagnosis
Get PDFFrom evidence to practice:What the 2025 European Respiratory Society Bronchiectasis Guideline means for India
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Effective healthcare communication with children and young people:a systematic review of barriers and facilitators
No full textObjective: To identify children and young people's preferences for effective healthcare communication.Design: A systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted to identify evidence from children and young people on effective healthcare communication. Electronic databases and reference lists of relevant articles were searched to July 2020.Results: A total of 13 studies were included. Five major themes were identified: medical information (timing, amount, coordination and futures), person not patient (creating relationships, time, nurse involvement, sensitivity), type of communication (creative and interactive, behavioural, talking and listening, written communication), consultations (first impressions, with and without parents, actively promoting involvement, open and honest, age appropriate) and communication with parents (using parental knowledge, support).Conclusions: Research in this area remains sparse and consistent implementation is debateable. Children and young people articulate a preference for two-way healthcare communication. General principles for effective communication are identified as well as the need to avoid making assumptions and to tailor approaches to individuals. Establishing and maintaining relationships is essential and requires time and resources. Parents and carers have a positive role in healthcare communication which needs to be balanced with the needs and rights of children. All these factors also apply to children with communication difficulties or from marginalised groups, but additional extra support may be required.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019145539.</p
Does mutual fund ownership increase corporate environmental spending?
No full textThis paper examines how mutual fund ownership influences corporate environmental spending, and the channels through which this impact operates. Using a unique hand collected dataset of Chinese listed companies between 2011 and 2018, we report mutual fund investment is associated with significantly increased corporate environmental spending. This influence is moderated by institutional factors including state-owned enterprises and stronger legal environments. We also assess the environmental awareness associated with environmental spending through examining the number of ‘green’ questions raised by investors and the ‘green’ credentials of board members. Moreover, we find that mutual funds with green investment objectives have significantly increased corporate environmental spending levels. We conclude mutual find ownership has a positive influence on environmental spending and should be encouraged within China
Medical students with disabilities:Pushing for research and reconceptualization of inclusion
No full textA novel constitutive model for double-twisted hexagonal meshes within the Macroelement framework
Get PDFThis paper presents a novel model for simulating double-twisted hexagonal wire meshes, commonly used in both active and passive rockfall barriers. The mechanical behaviour of the wires is first investigated through laboratory tests, which are then used to calibrate and validate a high accuracy continuum representation of the wire interweave. This model enables the analysis of the response of the wire mesh to loading conditions that can be difficult to obtain experimentally. The resulting data is used to develop a define the equations of a Macroelement model, which efficiently translates the insight from the wire to the barrier scale, improving the overall accuracy without compromising computational efficiency. Natural variability in the barrier response is introduced through a parameter correlation approach. Finally, the model is evaluated against standard literature approaches through simple boundary value problems
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