ICONARP - International Journal Of Architecture And Planning
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Urban Resilience Index Study on Ankara Metropolitan Area
Full text linkNowadays, urban planning, urban resilience, and climate change issues are discussed differently within the frame of developing and changing technological conditions. Studies on climate change, disasters, environmental data, and effective use of resources indicate that cities are responsible for exceeding their ecological limits. Cities are both the source of these problems and the most affected in terms of threats to urban residents and urban infrastructures. As a result of the uncertain and ever-changing risks brought on by urbanization and population growth worldwide that put pressure on cities in a variety of interconnected and complex ways perceptions of the preparedness and safety of cities are evolving. To manage these issues, new paradigms are needed. There is no consensus on the concept of urban resilience and methods for applying this concept in urban areas. In this research, how to create a relationship between existing approaches, theories, and practices in the field of urban resilience is discussed. The necessity to include resilience in numerical measurement techniques and planning applications and how these application methods will be operated was explained. In the process of creating a planning decision support system to ensure urban resilience, indicators that would provide input to measurement and index studies were researched, and new indicators were proposed. In this study, a formula for the urban resilience index was determined, and analyses that would provide input to the planning in Ankara metropolitan districts according to these indicators and urban resilience characteristics were put forward through geographic information systems. According to these studies, Gölbaşı was determined to be the district with the highest urban resilience index and Keçiören as the district with the lowest
Positive Effects of Morphological and Perceptual Boundary Factors on Vitality in the Static Activity Streets: Syntactic and Fractal Approaches
Full text linkStreet vitality is a concept that makes the city more liveable with its economic and sociological gains. Static activities on the street contribute to vitality by supporting social interaction. This study investigates the positive effects of the perceptual and morphological boundary characteristics of static activity streets on the user. Using Space Syntax and fractal method, this research consists of two phases and the use of two different scales. The first step involves analysing the connectivity and enclosure factors of 13 static activity streets in Balıkesir city center at the street scale. By correlating the analysis results with the number of users determined by the observation method, the effect of street-scale boundary factors on user behaviour was determined. As a result of the first step, Aygıt Street, which has the highest boundary factor value at the street scale, was selected for the second step of the research, which is the building-scale analysis. The surrounding and permeability factors that create boundary effects at the building scale were analysed through street facades and sections, and the value was evaluated together with the areas preferred by people engaged in static activities. As a result of the correlation analysis between the boundary factor value and user behaviour, it has been determined that the connectivity, which creates a morphological boundary effect at the street scale, and the enclosure factor, which creates a perceptual boundary effect, positively affect the users. It was determined that elements such as awnings, eaves, flower beds, and signboards, which determine the surrounding factor that creates a morphological boundary effect at the building scale, increase the number of users. It is concluded that the wall surfaces on the street facades, which determine the permeability factor that creates a perceptual boundary effect at the building scale, positively affect user behaviour. The model created in this study, which brings together two different approaches, namely urban and architectural scales and morphological and perceptual boundary factors, is intended to form a basis for the design processes of spaces and streets that support static activities in cities
Neighborhood Connection Density-Neighborhood Morphology Connection: The Case of Antalya Kaleiçi
Full text linkCan neighborhood boundaries be defined in terms of morphological and functional characteristics in cities that have developed different formations due to various influences in the historical process? While neighborhood units in planned settlements are pre-planned with an integrative approach, in unplanned traditional settlements, residences come together as pieces and ultimately form the settlement. In this study, which was carried out in Antalya-Kaleiçi, qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. In the study, the neighborhood formation system was discussed based on the hierarchical structure. A set of buildings including residences that are next to and opposite a residence and directly open into a shared urban space is defined as the neighborhood cell of that residence. The functional relationships among residential elements were defined as neighborhood connections, and a method to determine neighborhood connection density was developed. In morphological development, an arrangement involving religious buildings accepted as focal points, neighborhood cells of different degrees forming around them, neighborhood blocks of different degrees belonging to neighborhood cells of different degrees, and neighborhood units formed out of neighborhood blocks was observed. It is understood that the density of neighborhood connections is influenced by the number of residences defining neighborhood cells, the number of connection points between residences such as building doors and gates, and the spatial sizes of neighborhood spaces in which neighborhood connections take place. In other words, the tendency for dense neighborhood connections emerges in areas with more residences and connections but low square footage area. This situation was considered a reflection of the relationship between the morphological and functional structures. It was concluded that unplanned traditional neighborhood units were formed in a way that did not show the self-sustaining and enclosed character of planned residential units, and this structure was a characteristic that should be taken as an example and maintained in terms of settlement culture
A Comparative Analysis of the Change of Kula Traditional Turkish Housing Architecture in The Last 50 Years
Full text linkKula is a district rich in cultural values. There are many historical and traditional residences in this region. These historical structures have undergone great and different changes over time. It is aimed to determine the transformations related to facade, structural element, and interior use in traditional houses. In addition, by looking at the obtained data, namely the architectural changes, it was determined as a secondary purpose to make suggestions about conservation.
The study consists of a combination of two basic methods: literature research and field research. After determining the subject of the study, written sources related to the subject were searched and the research was supported by field studies. The method of the study is the comparison of the data obtained from the sources and the evidence in the field study. Findings were obtained by analyzing the detected differences. In the study, which was carried out with the comparative analysis method, the historical process was examined, and information, architectural drawings and photographs were obtained about the conditions of the buildings 50 years ago. For this reason, scope of the study consists of both the data obtained and the houses that provide both conditions depending on the availability of these data today. In this context, the study is limited to 14 traditional Turkish residences in the Kula site, from which both historical data and locations can be accessed.
In the studies carried out in the field of architectural restoration and conservation, the current situations are examined in the studies on conservation. However, in this study, not only the current situation of the buildings, but also the conditions of the previous years and even the comparison of the data was obtained. Although this study was carried out within the scope of Kula district, it gives an idea about the change and usage of interiors of the residences
Optimizing Passive Strategies for Energy Demand Reduction in Cold Climate Residential Buildings: A Case Study in Tabriz, Iran
Full text linkThe fast growth of the population is leading to an ever-increasing trend in energy consumption these days. In this regard, the construction industry is among the biggest consumers. Considering that most buildings are residential, energy optimization is essential, especially during the initial design phase. A practical way of building design with less energy demand is passive design methods. The importance of this issue is more visible in residential buildings in cold climates, which have the greatest temperature fluctuations. This study aims to investigate the energy demand of different passive strategies applied to a residential building in the cold climate of Tabriz, Iran and to select the most efficient design factor. The methodology is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. As the first step, considering the theoretical framework of the research, passive systems and the factors affecting building envelope thermal performance are determined. In the next step, EnergyPlus is used to analyze the application of the passive systems in the baseline model. All states are simulated separately in terms of the amount of heating and cooling energy demand and the results are presented in compareable graphs. In the third step, the strategy that has the greatest impact on reducing energy demand in cold-climate buildings is identified, and the most efficient alternative is presented through the analysis of different scenarios compared to the baseline model. This research reveals that heat loss through the envelope accounts for most of the energy demand, and thermal insulation plays an important role in reducing that loss. Also, different scenarios (materials, thickness and location) of thermal insulation were investigated. It shows that the optimal mode of thermal insulation in residential buildings in cold climates is to use polyurethane insulation with a thickness of 7 cm in the outer part of the building wall
The Place of the Concept of Value in Architectural Space in User Perception: Cafe Example
Full text linkAlthough the definition and perception of architectural space change under the influence of transformations, the relationship and interaction between people and space have always maintained its existence. This relationship is established both functionally and semantically for the users of the spaces. Semantic relations bring about the creation of "value" between architectural space and people. Today, as a result of consumption-oriented lifestyles and culture, this situation is changing, causing the commodification of space and the weakening of relationships between people and space. Therefore, the value of space for humans has changed radically in terms of definition and meaning.
The study was conducted to determine the effect of the globalization process and the resulting consumer culture on the value of the architectural space. In this context, first of all, value definitions and concepts in different disciplines, especially architecture, are brought together. The created value model was applied to the users of cafe venues, which are considered the pioneers of consumption venues today, through a survey study. By analyzing the obtained data in the SPSS program, the factors affecting the value of the architectural space today were determined and their impact levels were revealed.
When the data were examined, it was seen that today individuals belonging to the consumption culture perceive and prefer places based on their consumption-oriented features rather than their aesthetic, functional or cultural features. According to the analysis results, the concept of belonging was ranked last in relationship levels, while business quality and subjective relationship titles were ranked first. When the results are examined, traces of the consumer society are seen in the context of users\u27 spatial preferences and their relationships with space. It can also be stated that the consumption-oriented approaches of today\u27s architecture and the users of the spaces mutually feed each other and ensure the continuity of this process
Evaluation on Accessibility in Historical Environments in Turkey: Ankara Ulus Environment Example
Full text linkHistorical environments bear traces of the past and have cultural and historical importance. These places are essential to respect the past, understand history, and preserve cultural heritage. However, many historic neighborhoods face accessibility issues. Accessibility is a fundamental concept that refers to the ability of people to be present and participate effectively in any space. This principle has an importance that cannot be ignored in every academic discipline in its own field of specialization and there is a need to take this principle into account in all kinds of production processes. The most problematic spatial area for this participation to be ensured through universal access is the historical environmen which form a unique part of cultural identity with their characteristic structures and distinctive features. Therefore, accessibility is crucial to ensure the preservation of cultural heritage and the active participation of society in. Problems in these areas restrict access to these spaces for people with disabilities, pregnant women, people with strollers and the elderly, and have a negative impact on the visitor experience. In this study, the Turkish Grand National Assembly / War of Independence Museum located in Historical Ulus, the Turkish Grand National Assembly Museum, Is Bank Museum, Ankara Social Sciences University Campus, and Hacı Bayram Veli Mosque and its surroundings were evaluated. The evaluations were supported with visuals, according to the criteria specified in the Accessibility Guide prepared by the Ministry of Family, Labor and Social Services. The study found attempts to improve accessibility for individuals with disabilities, but correct practices were largely absent. Issues such as dimensional errors, improper material selection and structural inadequacies were common. These problems are summarized in the evaluation section. This study aims to demonstrate that historical buildings can be made accessible by addressing access issues with solutions like tactile surfaces, markings, and ramps
The Role of Architecture Documentaries in The Adoption of Contemporary Design Approaches in Mosque Architecture: A Research on Architecture Students
Full text linkIn the historical process, mosques have exhibited different architectural features depending on various factors such as culture, geography and construction techniques, and have generally been defined by elements such as domes and minarets. Although mosque architecture has maintained its characteristic features for many years, new design approaches emerged with the Republican Era. In mosque architecture, which has been reinterpreted from a contemporary perspective, elements such as domes and minarets have undergone formal changes and interior elements have been reconsidered. However, the traditional image of the mosque in the minds of the public has created a resistance to contemporary design approaches and modern mosque designs have become a current topic of discussion. This study was carried out to understand the role of architectural documentaries in the perceptual change regarding the adoption of contemporary approaches by determining the tendencies of individuals regarding mosque architecture. In the research conducted on architecture students, the documentary \u27Sancaklar Mosque\u27 broadcasted in TRT2\u27s Eşik program was used. Following an experimental method, user perception was evaluated with questionnaires applied before and after screening the documentary.The results were analyzed with "Dependent Groups t-test" in SPSS and the statistical significance of the change in user perception was discussed. The findings of the study showed that architecture documentaries significantly changed architecture students\u27 acceptance of contemporary mosque designsIn addition, after screening the documentary, it was determined that the perception that architectural elements such as dome and minaret can be included in mosque architecture in different forms was strengthened.The results obtained show that mass media can be used not only as a tool in architectural education, but also as a method for informing the society and adopting contemporary design approaches to mosques
Evaluation of Urban Renewal Projects in the Historical Texture Within the Framework of Passive Design Strategies; A Case of Diyarbakır-Suriçi Alipaşa-Lalebey Neighborhood
Full text linkIn the 21st century, contemporary architectural designs have often overlooked the interaction between constructed structures and their natural environment, neglecting to consider climatic variables as essential design inputs. This oversight, coupled with the rising threats of climate change and extreme weather conditions, has compromised the comfort and well-being of occupants within these spaces. A shift towards different design paradigms has become imperative to address these challenges and build a sustainable future. Diyarbakır traditional urban fabric has conserved its authenticity in social, cultural, and environmental contexts up to the present day. However, the migratory movement\u27s social and cultural developments have disrupted the original fabric, resulting in deteriorating areas over time. This study focuses on the traditional settlement pattern within the historical Suriçi and Alipaşa-Lalebey Neighborhood, where the Urban Transformation Project was completed, was chosen as the case area. To analyze the changes in building patterns, spatial relationships, parcel configurations, and transformations in courtyard-street structures, Geographic Information System (GIS.)-based ArcMap software is employed. Digitized data, on-site observations, and photographic documentation are used to compare urban and neighborhood units in terms of climate-responsive design strategies and passive cooling systems. This study underscores the importance of incorporating climate-responsive design approaches from the past while utilizing contemporary technological advancements, emphasizing the significance of technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which contribute to energy conservation and time efficiency during the reconstruction processes. The findings of this study demonstrate that alterations in building patterns, shifts in solid-empty relationships, and changes in street patterns not only lead to the loss of cultural heritage but also hinder the transmission of numerous geographically specific design approaches to future generations
A Strategy for Spatializing Degrowth at Home: Commoning of Housing
Full text linkMany theorists advocate for "economic degrowth," which entails "scaling down production and consumption activities," as a radical proposal to achieve environmental sustainability and social justice. This is in response to the increasingly destructive nature of economic growth on a planet with limited resources, as well as the unequal distribution of the costs associated with changes to planetary boundaries. The examination of spatial production and consumption processes holds significant potential for realizing the social transformation required for economic activities to operate within planetary boundaries. However, the scarcity of studies on how the ideas of degrowth can be translated into the material world highlights the need to focus on how degrowth will manifest spatially. The problem of spatializing degrowth will be addressed in this study, with a focus on housing. The injustices inherent to growth-oriented housing production processes make it imperative to discuss the spatialization of degrowth through housing. For degrowth to manifest spatially at home, the spatial modes of production inherent to economic growth, the spatial consumption patterns, and the social relations produced by space need to become compatible with the fundamental goals of degrowth. To provide a compass for aligning housing production and consumption processes with the fundamental objectives of degrowth, it is imperative to identify the toolkit employed by economic growth for spatialization and to analyze criticisms directed against existing housing degrowth experiments. Through the analysis of these two principal themes, commoning of housing emerges as a viable strategy for spatialization of degrowth at home