ICONARP - International Journal Of Architecture And Planning
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Understanding the Role of Spatial Configuration on Social Behavior in Educational Buildings
Full text linkEducational buildings, which appear as a design problem when viewed through the historical process, appear as a whole of structures consisting of educational units of different functions and sizes, shaped through a main corridor space and attached to this main space. On the other hand, when educational buildings are considered through their plan schemes or spatial layouts, it is possible to say that they positively or negatively affect different but interrelated parameters such as students\u27 potential to come together, their motivation in crowds, and their involvement with each other in social relations. In the space syntax theory, buildings are separated from each other in terms of programming; that behavior is shaped and determined by the configuration (strong programming) or possible new forms of behavioral patterns occurring against the layout (weak programming). This study uses a comparative methodology to investigate the effect of the spatial layout of educational buildings on how social interaction is generated and motivated in the relations of \u27syntactic programs\u27 in school settings. The study focuses on recess time behavior in relation to the spatial layout and uses behavior maps and space syntax methods to examine the effects of the spatial setups programming parameters in educational buildings. Results show that if an educational building has a flexible structure (weak programming) with its spatial organization, socialization is oriented naturally by the layout with enriched behavioral patterns. However, when the design starts to behave strongly programmed, social behavior becomes monotonous and prevented. As a result, this study shows the importance of understanding social logic in the architectural design of educational buildings in structuring social relationships. Revealing the relationships between these concepts is thought to guide the evaluation of the design criteria of educational buildings and the contents presented for new designs
The Impact of Covid-19 on Real Estate Demand Based on Green Spaces: Case Study of Türkiye (Ankara)
Full text linkThe COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 revealed its impact on various sectors inside our country. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of changing socio-economic lifestyle habits during the COVID-19 pandemic on the demand for real estate in Çankaya and Keçioren districts of Ankara., specifically regarding open and green areas. The study’s approach involves doing statistical analysis on a dataset consisting of around 28,400 entries from the REIDIN Data&Analytics. This analysis is performed using the E-Views Economic Analysis software. Linear regression analysis and the Kalman Filter Method are used. Then, spatial analyses were performed using GIS by using kernel density analysis. It has been observed that Çankaya\u27s unit pricing per square meter has been found to be higher than those of Keçiören. Based on the residential real estate type, the rate of preference for houses with gardens and distinctive green areas was 4.17% in 2018, 4.22% in 2019, and 4.45% in 2020 in Çankaya district, and 0.13% in 2018, 0.15% in 2019, and 0.14% in 2020 in Keçiören district. Comparisons indicate that the rates in Keçiören are very low. It was concluded that demand for green-space real estate in the Keçiören district increased after the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. On the other hand, in the Çankaya district, there has been a decrease in monthly demand for real estate with green areas since March 2020. During the same period, demand for real estate with green areas in Çankaya remained stable
Traditional Architecture in the Central-Northern Mediterranean Region: Tectonics and Typological Analysis of Traditional Mut Houses
Full text linkArchitectural tectonics is a crucial starting point for comprehending traditional houses in terms of their form and usage. The components of land use, material use and construction technique, and plan layout, which reveal "tectonic integrity," are the criteria that are considered. This study employs the typology method to question the tectonics of traditional housing architecture located in the central northern part of the Mediterranean Region, specifically through the example of Mut Houses in Mersin province. The typology study has facilitated the identification and quantification of the diverse array of architectural solutions and details that are characteristic of the region. Mut is a medium-sized district situated in the mountainous parts of the Central Taurus Mountains, with a settlement history dating back to the Roman Period. The fact that microclimatic conditions impact the supply of materials and construction techniques, and the cultural context influences the use of land, garden, and space, ensures that traditional Mut houses possess a distinct appearance in this region. Regrettably, these houses, which contain important details of the region, are at risk of extinction. This article documents the tectonic values of traditional Mut houses and conducts a typological analysis of them
Layering Analysis of Typomorphology Dynamics in Rural Settlements Using the AHP Method
Full text linkThe objective of this study is to identify the typomorphological dynamics of rural settlements and to prioritize them hierarchically using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Furthermore, the study aims to investigate changes in the top three dynamics over time in a sample village through the application of fractal and space syntax analysis. The dynamic and sub-dynamic elements of typomorphology were gathered from previous studies carried out at the urban and rural scales, and their equivalents in the rural settlement context were determined. The study participants, including 26 academics and independent architects and urban planners, were asked to participate in an online survey to rank the 12 typomorphological dynamics identified. The results were analyzed to determine the weighted outcomes of the dynamics and to form a hierarchical order of importance. The consistency ratio was also calculated. A fractal and space syntax analysis were conducted for the first three dynamics in a sample village to analyze the adaptation and mutation processes of the settlement region. The AHP results showed that cultivated and natural areas, socio-spatial references, and road/path networks are the key dynamics in the typomorphological analysis of rural settlements. The results emphasize the importance of enacting rural protection laws to regulate settlement and agricultural activities, given the significant impact of economic and demographic changes on rural settlement morphology. The study also highlights the need for sustainable land use practices that balance human settlement and agricultural activities with the preservation of natural ecosystems. Furthermore, the study underscores the role of road/path networks in shaping occupancy and emptiness. The results offer valuable insights into monitoring rural dynamics and managing rural settlements. The identified dynamics and their weighted values can guide decision-makers in rural planning and development
Evaluation of Graduate Outcomes in Architecture Accreditation Requirements from a Student Perspective
Full text linkArchitectural education encompasses a variety of methods, with the primary goal of maintaining and improving education quality. In this context, the concept of accreditation has emerged as a system that ensures the preservation of certain standards and keeping these standards up to date in higher education. In Türkiye, the Association for Accreditation of Architectural Education (MIAK-MAK) has established certain accreditation requirements for Architectural Bachelor\u27s Programs in 2021. According to these requirements, the targeted graduate profile is defined under the title of "Education and Learning Characteristics" of the program. The subheading "Knowledge, Skills, and Competencies that Graduates Should Acquire" summarizes the knowledge and skill areas that students need to acquire through the courses included in the program\u27s curriculum, which are categorized into five titles. This study aimed to statistically evaluate the importance of the areas created for the knowledge, skills, and competencies that the graduate should gain from the perspective of the active student. The study focuses on the students of the Department of Architecture at KTO Karatay University Faculty of Fine Arts and Design. In this context, a face-to-face survey was conducted with the students, and the survey results were evaluated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process method. By comparing each subheading with the others, a ranking system was created, and their importance levels were determined. The results of student evaluations indicated that especially issues related to life safety, structural systems, sustainability, and global architecture stood out prominently. Studies evaluating accreditation criteria from the student perspective are very limited in the literature. For this reason, as an important approach, this study points out the gap in the field for researchers working on accreditation. This research, which aims to provide a perspective from students, is expected to offer an alternative approach and provide a participatory view in educational research
Tracing What Remains Behind the Natural Coastline: Unpacking the Delivery of Land Reclamation in Yeşilköy through Lot 5
Full text linkLandfill practices, which have gained momentum within the scope of global urbanization, have drawn attention to coastlines. Presenting opportunities for legitimate urban growth, altering the coastal edges redefines not only the physical split between land and sea but also the social life it engenders. To address this challenge, this article aims to reveal the socio-spatial dynamics of reclaimed urban coastlines, exploring both macro and micro perspectives and their interplay, ultimately proposing a novel methodological approach by employing a narrative lens. Applying this methodological framework, the article traces the historical trajectory of the Yeşilköy coastline in Istanbul, scrutinizing its macro dynamics through the microcosm of Lot 5. The narrative lens of the study is formed by archival sources, including visual and written texts about the Yeşilköy coastline and Lot 5, and semi-structured interviews. Adopting Lot 5 as a micro perspective, the study sheds light on the crucial role it plays as a critical witness to the evolving winds of change in the social and cultural environment, along with the concurrent urban political tendencies that accompany this transformation. Lot 5\u27s significance lies in its connection to Motel Yeşilköy, a renowned mid-20th-century architectural landmark, situated in the same parcel. By acknowledging its association with Motel Yeşilköy, articulating Lot 5 together with the urban context in which it inhabits offers a nested perspective for deciphering the reclaimed coast of Yeşilköy. The paper concludes that the Yeşilköy natural coastline, despite being subjected to landfilling, perpetuates both in urban memory and as a physical boundary. The findings of this paper, therefore, suggest the coastline reclamation to be evaluated within the intricate nature of intertwined spatial narratives at multiple scales, rather than as an expansion of an urban edge isolated from its context
Deep Learning-Assisted Discovery of Analogy-Inspired Designs within Peter Collins\u27 Analogical Architectural Design Classification Framework
Full text linkThis study focuses on analogical reasoning and deep learning models to enhance the innovative design process in architecture. By constructing multi-layered artificial neural networks, deep learning can derive analogical predictions from structured data to solve complex tasks. Deep learning models interact with analogical thinking patterns in the architectural design process, enabling designers to analyze and draw inspiration from analogical design examples. This study aims to develop a deep learning model that categorizes architectural design examples into specific analogical design classifications. For this purpose, a model based on Convolutional Neural Networks was developed and coded in the Google Colab environment using a dataset of 29,596 visual images, employing Peter Collins\u27 classification system of biological, mechanical, gastronomic, and linguistic analogies. During the training process, the model was trained on images classified according to biological, mechanical, gastronomic, and linguistic categories, achieving an accuracy rate of 98%; however, this rate was recorded as 86% during the testing phase. It was observed that adjustments in the learning rate parameter balanced classification accuracy and training time; lower learning rates reduced accuracy while extending training time. Despite the complexity of architectural images indicated by the 86% accuracy rate on test data, the study emphasizes the model\u27s capacity to achieve accuracy above 95% when confronted with distinct architectural features. In this case, the model allows designers to discover which analogical classification the architectural work to be tested is designed according to, allowing them to develop creative solutions to new design problems. Additionally, this research establishes an interdisciplinary dialogue between artificial intelligence and architecture, providing a foundation for future studies
Designing for the Future: The Relationship Between the Interior Design Profession and Sustainable Development Goals
Full text linkInterior architecture has the potential to create social benefits by designing spaces that affect people\u27s quality of life. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) offer a framework to comprehend the profession\u27s social and environmental responsibilities, and develop strategic approaches. This study aims to assess how the social impact of interior design aligns with the SDGs, offering an opportunity to explore the relation between discipline and sustainability in a comprehensive manner, considering both environmental and social dimensions. The profession\u27s relations and contribution to the goals was evaluated through a review of current literature. To this end, the year 2015, when the Sustainable Development Goals were adopted, was chosen as the starting point and a bibliometric analysis of studies in the Web of Science database between 2015 and 2023 was carried out. In addition to the analysis function of the WOS database, the bibliometric analysis program Vosviewer was used for data analysis. The results of the analysis show that interior design has a strong relationship with goals such as Climate Action (SDG 13), Sustainable Cities and Communities (SDG 11), Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG 12), Good Health and Well-Being (SDG 3), and Affordable and Clean Energy (SDG 7). However, the relationships between Quality Education (SDG 4), Gender Equality (SDG 5) and Reduced Inequalities (SDG 10) are not yet at a sufficient level. The findings indicate that interior architecture has the potential to fulfill its social responsibility by supporting the Sustainable Development Goals. Furthermore, in order to foster a more inclusive relationship with the SDGs, Interior Architecture needs to evolve. It is expected that this will enable to create new perspectives and methodologies, both in professional practice and in the academic literature
Evaluating Accessibility of Street Network in Neighborhood by Space Syntax Method: The Case of Çankırı
Full text linkDesigning inclusive cities by creating accessible neighborhoods in cities is one of the top agendas in urban planning and design. Therefore, it is important to examine settlements morphology to find out functional contributions to urban design. In this study, the aim is to find street characteristics that support accessibility by comparing street network of current and zoning plan in the neighborhood. The study was carried out in the Esentepe Neighborhood, which is far away from the city center of Çankırı. The fact that the neighborhood is one of the directions of urban development and is located in an area with low accessibility throughout the city requires the development of this area. The study area was evaluated by the space syntax method. The study was designed in three stages. First, the spatial accessibility of the street network in the Esentepe Neighborhood in its current state was analyzed by creating axial maps. Secondly, integration and connection maps were created to evaluate the accessibility of the street network based on the future development plan of the Esentepe Neighborhood. Finally, the current and master plan of the neighborhood was compared to understand the characteristic of accessible street network in the neighborhood. The study results revealed that integration and connectivity values increased compared to the current plan. The creation of simple, interconnected and intersected axes placed in a certain range increased accessibility of area. The long and continuous central axis providing access to the circular central area and the axes connected to this line have the highest integration value in the neighborhood. Space syntax will be a guiding tool on issues such as the selection, design and development of settlements in city plans. The transportation system, which promotes use of spaces around the residence in settlements planned far from cities, contributes to the evaluation of the social interaction areas for residents. The research develops a proposal method in terms of evaluating the future development of neighborhoods for creating a sustainable transportation system
Comparing the Past and Present Traces of Cultural Assets with the Reference of Literature and Architecture Arts to Each Other: Milas Greek Orthodox Church and Its Surroundings in Resat Nuri Güntekin\u27s Novel "Ateş Gecesi" (Night of Fire)
Full text linkMilas district, located in the province of Muğla, is a rich settlement in terms of historical and cultural monuments. Among the mentioned monuments in the settlement, especially religious monuments exhibit a great diversity and cover a wide range of historical periods. This diversity and historical range are directly related to cultural and religious communities that have lived in the region. However, some religious monuments in the district are disappearing or losing their architectural identities to a great extent due to reasons such as lack of preservation awareness, property issues, and neglect by users. One of the most important religious monuments that has largely lost its architectural identity in the Milas district is the Milas Greek Orthodox Church. This monument holds significant importance in Milas\u27s cultural and religious inventory. The monument and its surroundings are also described in some parts of the plots in terms of some architectural features in Reşat Nuri Güntekin\u27s novel Ateş Gecesi (Night of Fire), which was serialized in Yedigün Magazine in 1940 and published as a book in 1942. Although it has largely lost its architectural identity today, the Milas Greek Orthodox Church is still frequently mentioned in local legends, city memories, place and location names, and city literature, as can be seen in the pages of the "Ateş Gecesi" novel. The study aims to document and evaluate the changes that the Milas Greek Orthodox Church and its surroundings have undergone from past to present in the light of the "Ateş Gecesi" novel. The study was conducted in three stages, which involved examining the spatial and architectural descriptions mentioned in the Ateş Gecesi Novel, focusing on the narratives related to the Milas Greek Orthodox Church and its surroundings, and documenting and evaluating the current conditions of the spatial and architectural descriptions mentioned in the focused narratives. As a result of the study, it was determined that the Milas Rum Orthodox Church and its surroundings had largely lost their architectural identity over approximately a century, from the time the novel was written to the present day. However, within the interior space of the church structure, many elements related to the original architectural identity are still present. In contrast, it is considered that the outer walls, garden arrangement, and boundaries of the structure have lost their original qualities. It was also found that very few examples of traditional residential buildings that constitute the regional context have survived to the present day. In addition to its cultural and religious identity, the Milas Rum Orthodox Church necessitates the development of a comprehensive architectural conservation approach for its historical and archaeological context, monument, and immediate surroundings. Therefore, it is considered crucial to plan the region between the Milas Rum Orthodox Church and Milas Kartal Gazinosu, taking into account the Çaputçu Han section, with a comprehensive conservation approach