ICONARP - International Journal Of Architecture And Planning
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Updating Risk Level on Housing Resettlements of Mount Merapi Using a Visual Chart Examination
Full text linkPermanent housing resettlement (Huntap) on the slopes of Merapi from the 2010 great eruption supposedly has experienced development progress. Undergoing adjustments due to environmental circumstances, hazard knowledge, and people\u27s understanding are inevitable and affect the safety performance of the shelter against volcanic hazards. Many dwellings are still in the most dangerous area, while the hazards will strike again sooner or later. This research intends to update Merapi Huntap\u27s safety risks to mitigate volcanic disasters. We assessed the safety of 15 settlements and focused on calculating five selected Huntaps for their spatial and formal configuration to the dwellers\u27 awareness. Detailed observation by a proposed visual chart method based on the hazard and degree of vulnerability discovered from hazard-prone zones (KRB). Resilience factors to safety, including access for evacuation, the dwelling, and community consciousness of disaster, discovered the disaster risk level. We found that disaster risk in Merapi\u27s resettlement is still high; thus, the people and stakeholders need to pay more attention to the need for precautions. Mitigation should address the potential safety threats related to (1) Hazard-prone levels, (2) Spatial confusion for up-to-date disaster zones, (3) less consideration of evacuation barracks and routes, and (4) people\u27s lower understanding and awareness. Through this research, we also discovered the proposed simple and easy-use method suitable for classifying the risks. The research was limited to Mount Merapi\u27s resettlement housing after the 2010 eruption by examining five Huntaps with higher hazard susceptibilities. This study contributes to reevaluating the risk-hazard-resilience by practical measures for driving higher disaster awareness in the future. The proposed method proved its appropriateness in testing the risks and has the prospect of being used in further applications in more massive cases
Eclecticism in Augustan Temple Architecture
Full text linkIn the history of architecture, eclecticism is clearly associated with 19th-century architecture. This paper focuses on the fact that eclecticism is a way of thinking, a design concept in which the architect combines high-quality architectural elements from different periods to achieve the desired effect on his building. This approach is often necessary to meet client demand.
This philosophy was also used to serve the imperial intention, as a study of the temple architecture of the Augustan period states.
The aim of this paper is to look at eclecticism not primarily as a style but as a design method that has been present throughout history. My hypothesis was, that that eclecticism was viewed in its entirety significantly more in the age of Augustus than in the 19th century.
To underline my findings, I examine a list of significant buildings, such as the temple of Iuppiter Capitolinus and the temple of Venus Genetrix were influenced by early architectural origins, such as the typology of Vitruvius, the characteristics of the Etruscan or Tuscan temple - and examine such. Further, I have a detailed look at the general features and particular characteristics of the temple architecture in the Augustan period, I conclude with and the temple renovations - the Temple of Concordia, the Temple of Castor and Pollux, the Temple of Apollo Sosianus - and the newly erected sacral buildings - the Temple of Divus Iulius, the Temple of Mars Ultor, the Monumentum Ancyranum. This paper demonstrates that the eclectic approach of the early imperial period was so complex that it focused not only on the external appearance but also on the internal design and furnishings
Cultural Heritage Across Borders: A Comprehensive Examination of the Restoration of the St. Nicholas Memorial Museum (2021-2023)
Full text linkSt. Nicholas Church is a remarkable Byzantine structure located in the Demre district of Antalya, in the southern region of Türkiye. The church and its accompanying tomb were built in the 5th century AD in memory of St. Nicholas after his death. It became a sacred cultural center and a pilgrimage site throughout the Middle Ages. Throughout history, the church underwent multiple reconstructions and substantial repairs necessitated by invasions, earthquakes, and other factors. During the Late Middle Ages, a flood of the river Myros submerged the church under approximately 6meters of alluvial deposits. The excavations, which began in 1862 and have continued intermittently to this day, have uncovered significant remains, which were subsequently restored in accordance with the conservation approach of their respective periods. However, certain ruins persist within privately owned areas. Although the church largely maintains its structural integrity, ongoing excavations within the Ministry of Culture and Tourism’s designated areas in the monastery complex continually contribute new insights. This article aims to provide data on the restoration efforts undertaken on the church and its ruins, which now function as a Memorial Museum, preserving their original values during the restoration period of 2021-2023. The primary goal is to contribute valuable insights for future restoration initiatives. Furthermore, the article seeks to advocate for the inclusion of the monument in the World Heritage List, the establishment of Site Management, and the enhancement of its global recognition. By making the newly unearthed spaces accessible to visitors, particularly for Russian pilgrims for whom the church holds significant religious importance, it is envisioned that this will not only foster faith and cultural tourism but also enrich the perception and interpretation of this historic structure
Discussing the Development in the Real Estate Sector in the Framework of University-City Interaction
Full text linkUniversities exert a considerable influence on urban economies through the direct and indirect consumption they generate within the city. The former is attributable to the expenditure of students and staff, while the latter is a consequence of the demands they create for accommodation, transport, trade, and services. One of the most fundamental areas where these effects can be monitored is the housing and accommodation shaped by the demands of students and staff. Following the establishment of Kırklareli University in 2007, a notable increase in human mobility has been observed in the city center of Kırklareli, accompanied by significant changes in the spatial order. The principal objective of this study is to examine the housing-based spatial transformation and tendency in the city center of Kırklareli in terms of the defined periods following the establishment of the university. In this context, housing sale data and its distribution were analyzed in a spatial/structural dimension using the "Land Registry Transaction Statistics" and "Parcel Query-Analysis-Independent Section Sales Density Distribution database," which were published by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change-General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadaster. The increase and tendency were evaluated. A statistical query and correlation analysis were conducted on the data, with a particular focus on establishing a comparison between the change in population and the number of students, as well as academic and administrative staff. The resulting data were then subjected to a process of interpretation. In addition, current master plans were evaluated, and suggestions were developed for the factors that should be considered in urban planning. The study revealed that, regardless of the current population development, student-oriented dynamics directly affect the real estate sector in terms of housing sales, mobility, and spatial transformation due to the growth of the urban population and the increase in demand
Disruptions in Greenscape Politics in Modern Turkey: A Case Study of Başkent Nation\u27s Garden
Full text linkPublic green spaces can be regarded as an important component of an urban tissue, besides bearing ideological political connotations. The emergence of modern parks as part of public greenscape started with the 19th century Ottoman Nation\u27s Gardens. Following the first modern parks, which started to be referred to as Nation\u27s Gardens in the Ottoman Empire, the notion of the garden was replaced by a park during the Republican Era, which displaced the Ottoman Nation\u27s Gardens from cityscapes. The Nation\u27s Gardens projects, revived as an election promise in 2018 and began to be built, forming part of Turkey\u27s greenscapes in all provinces, differ from the Ottoman Nation\u27s Gardens, to which they explicitly refer in the name. The article will discuss the changes in greenscape projects in Turkey that have been used as ideological tools and have undergone constant changes in every period and government. In line with the findings of the article, it is a fact that the users, contents, and even the locations of these greenscapes have been frequently altered throughout history. The article also provides a comprehensive analysis of the Başkent Nation\u27s Garden project, being one of the most symbolic political projects, for discussing the changing ideologies and political priorities to open up a broader discussion on the nature of Greenscape Politics in Turkey. The research aims to contribute to the discussion of the obstacles created by the design of parks and garden areas, which form an important component of cities, differing with each political approach, thereby hindering the continuity of the urban fabric. It invites a critical examination of how political influence can create fragmentation in the field of city planning, ultimately affecting the sustainability, functionality, and cultural coherence of urban spaces
Reading Interiors in 1980s Ankara: Transformation of Gallery Art Production and Private Art Galleries
Full text linkThis study examines Gallery Sanat Yapım, one of the first private art galleries in Ankara, as a representation of urban transformation in the 1980s. Gallery Sanat Yapım is analyzed using qualitative longitudinal research and document analysis. This process highlights its spatial and temporal transformations. To provide an understanding of the gallery\u27s role in Ankara\u27s art scene, the research incorporates data collected through interviews in addition to an analysis of written, visual, and audio materials. The evaluation includes an examination of these sources to reveal the impact of galleries on Ankara\u27s cultural scene. In contrast to government-supported art galleries, this research emphasizes the distinctive characteristics of private galleries, such as Gallery Sanat Yapım, which played a pivotal role in shaping Ankara\u27s cultural identity. Thus, as a cultural and urban setting, the importance of gallery spaces is emphasized through the evaluation of interior space and spatial context. Furthermore, a comprehensive understanding of the spatial components offers crucial insights into audience engagement with artworks. In conclusion, the findings shed light on the opportunities and challenges faced by both private and state-supported art galleries during the period. This research contributes novel perspectives on the intersection of space, art, and society within Ankara\u27s evolving urban landscape, thereby enriching scholarly discourse. Ultimately, the study underscores the crucial role of private galleries in preserving and shaping the city\u27s cultural heritage, paving the way for future academic investigations in this field
Musical Comfort Evaluation of The Natural Acoustics and Architectural Design of Three Performance Spaces in Kocaeli-Izmit
Full text linkThis study was conducted to evaluate the auditory comfort level of Western art music performances performed in natural acoustic conditions in multi-purpose performance halls, which are widely preferred today, on the listener. In this context, first the reverberation time, one of the acoustic comfort parameters, is expressed and the Sabine formula, which is the empirical method used in the study, is explained. Subsequently, the table "absorptivity coefficients of various materials at different frequencies" is presented, as it will be used in the calculation of reverberation time, and the graph "recommended optimum reverberation time for volume-dependent speech and music" is presented to make comparisons at the end of the calculation. Then, information was given about the geometry of performance spaces and acoustic defects that may occur due to structural errors in closed volumes were explained. After explaining why this study was conducted in Izmit district of Kocaeli province, the selection criteria of the three selected performance halls were explained. After giving brief information about the historical background of each place, the reverberation time of the halls was calculated. As a result of the calculations, the acoustic comfort conditions of the halls in natural acoustics and when used for musical purposes are presented comparatively in the table, and it has been revealed that all three halls will not provide a suitable acoustic comfort experience to the audience. The improvement suggestions that can be made to ensure acoustic comfort during the Western classical music performance without the use of an electro-acoustic system are presented in tables for each hall
Determination of Drinking Water Basin Protection Zones: Case of Beyşehir Basin, Türkiye
Full text linkGlobal climate change, one of the most important problems of today, and human activities have negative effects on the sustainability of natural resources. It has become necessary to establish planning and management mechanisms for the sustainable use of drinking water basins within the protection-use balance. Beyşehir Basin, Türkiye was chosen as the study area. The aim of this study is to present a new model approach for the use of Analytical Hierarchy Process and Geographic Information Systems, based on the unique topographic, hydrological, and environmental characteristics of the basin, in the determination of the drinking water basin protection zones. Thirteen criteria, which affect the reaching of the pollutants to the water surface and reflect the topographic, hydrological, and environmental characteristics of the basin, were used in the determination of the protection zones. As a result of the study, it was determined that 2.83% of the basin is in the absolute protection zone, 44.97% in the short-range protection zone, 35.93% in the medium-range protection zone and 16.26% in the long-range protection zone. In the last stage, the conservation areas determined by the current legal regulations for the basin and the protection zones determined by the model approach were spatially and areally compared. According to the results of the comparison, it was determined with the proposed protection model that the absolute protection, the short-range protection, and the medium-range protection zones increased areally, and the spatial distributions of these protection zones were shaped according to the structure of the basin
Transformation of Transitional Elements with Muqarnas from Early Ottoman Period to Classical Ottoman Period
Full text linkSince the beginning of the Ottoman era, muqarnas have been incorporated into building designs. Along with advances in construction techniques, muqarnas were used structurally in the construction of mosques, baths, madrasahs and palaces as a means of transition to the dome. From the 14th century during the early Ottoman period, the Timurtaş Pasha Mosque in Bursa (1379-92) and the Iznik Green Mosque (1378-91) were built with a focus on maintaining visual structural integrity within interior spaces. This was a common practice that persisted until the mid 18th century.
While muqarnas can reinforce the visual integrity of a building as a transitional element, in some cases it can also transfer the weight of the dome to the walls and strengthen the building\u27s structure when designed in the form of pendentives and squinches. It is important to note this duality in the use of muqarnas in the construction of buildings. The muqarnas utilised in the interiors during this period had a brick base, hidden by plaster on the outside. Many monumental buildings display this aspect of muqarnas, which requires expertise, particularly during restoration. Very little research has been conducted in this field.
In the study, the transitional elements to the muqarnas dome, starting from the early Ottoman Period, will be examined until the Classical Ottoman Period, and the formal analysis between the 14th and 16th centuries will be made to understand the nature of the change it showed. After the literature review It is aimed to reach a synthesis with the inferences made through field research based on outputs
Improving Indoor Air Quality with Natural Ventilation Methods: A Simulation Study
Full text linkIn modern life, strategies developed in line with the increasing energy demand cause many environmental problems on a global scale. One of the most important of these problems is inadequate indoor air quality. The most critical parameters affecting indoor air quality during the design phase are selecting wrong and unhealthy building products, insufficient window sizes, and unplanned natural ventilation. This study investigates whether indoor air quality can be improved only by effective natural ventilation methods, without compromising thermal comfort, through small changes that can be applied to buildings. For this purpose, simulation studies were carried out to reveal whether indoor air quality could be improved without compromising thermal comfort in a library building. As a result, when evaluating the improvement recommendations, the thermal comfort range for the cross-ventilation and chimney effect ventilation recommendations is \u27comfortable\u27 in winter and \u27comfortable-partially comfortable\u27 in summer. For the ventilation recommendations with roof wings, skylights and wind towers, the thermal comfort range for summer and winter remained in the "comfortable" range due to the high natural ventilation performance