ICONARP - International Journal Of Architecture And Planning
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Utilization of Intelligent Facade Technologies in High-rise Office Buildings: A Comparative Study
Full text linkIn the late 19th century, spurred by the Industrial Revolution and the concomitant rise in population and technological advancements, high-rise buildings began to emerge in urban centers. Initially, concerns regarding the environmental impacts of these structures were not at the forefront. However, the advent of sustainability debates in the 1970s elevated this discourse, particularly regarding high-rise buildings. This progression notably influenced the materials and facade systems of high-rise structures. Alterations in building facades subsequently catalyzed the development of adaptive building coatings that consider environmental factors, climate variations, and user preferences. Termed as intelligent facade systems, these innovative facades aim to enhance indoor comfort and diminish energy consumption. Integration of control and sensing technologies into facades has rendered them multifunctional components. The amalgamation of diverse technologies has rendered the concept of intelligent facades intricate, thereby complicating a definitive definition. This study scrutinizes the employment of intelligent facade systems in high-rise buildings, offering a fresh perspective by proposing a classification in line with existing definitions and classifications in the literature. It categorized the changes introduced by integrated devices and mechanisms into five groups: passive, mechanical, electro-mechanical, integrated technology, and information technology. Additionally, changes resulting from materials are classified under energy and property-transforming materials. Based on the new proposed classification, a comprehensive comparative analysis of 20 high-rise office buildings, encompassing 10 from Turkiye and 10 from across the globe, was conducted. The investigation revealed passive technologies as the prevailing systems employed in high-rise building facades, both domestically in Turkiye and worldwide. Integrated technology is the second most utilized system after passive technology. Based on all the investigations conducted, it can be concluded that energy-changing materials are employed in a greater number of buildings worldwide compared to Turkiye. However, there is still concurrent progress in facade technology
Adaptive Reuse Suggestions in Interior Architecture Education: A Registered Workshop in Ankara
Full text linkThis study aims to determine both the recommendations for the conservation and reuse of historical buildings in interior architecture education and the learning outcomes of the restoration course. A registered building in Ankara, which formerly served as a production workshop for a vocational high school, has been identified as the study\u27s main issue as it is no longer in use after having served its purpose. As part of the restoration course in this case, senior students in interior architecture department of Selcuk University were asked to submit a variety of function concepts for the registered building. The study focused on both qualitative and quantitative research methods, which included four stages: preparation, analysis, design, and evaluation. Through examples of applications from our nation and around the world, students were given the information they needed to understand the restoration during the first phase, preparation. The second stage, analysis, entails taking measurements of the building\u27s interior and exterior as well as photographing and collecting written and visual records of it. The third step, the design phase, begins with the choice of a new function appropriate for the building\u27s location and style in light of all available data and documentation. The students were asked to assess their level of knowledge regarding conservation and adaptive reuse as well as the learning outcomes of the restoration course before and after taking it in the final stage of the evaluation process, which took place after the fourteen-week restoration course. This study helped interior architecture students gain experience with a holistic design process through an adaptive reuse proposal project. In conclusion, increasing the number of courses on conservation and adaptive reuse in interior architecture education is important in training interior architects who are experts and competent in the field of reuse
A Study About Discourse Relationship Between the Design Concepts and Architectural Expressions of Residential Works by Steven Holl
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between the contextually expressed design concepts and the corresponding architectural expressions in residential design by Steven Holl. His work utilizes motif ideas and incorporates experimental thinking into the central concept. The purpose of this project is to clarify the process of conception of discursive expressions and related motif expressions in residential design. This study focuses on 17 residential architectural works from 1975 to 2012 and categorize the elements that influenced the concept and the motifs of the works. It identifies how architectural expressions that reflect motifs influence specific concepts or motifs by KJ method and Matrix analysis. It has been found that the concept is composed of 15 elements from five context types. Motifs were extracted as the subjects. To find out how motifs are expressed, a survey was conducted on architectural expressions corresponding to the motifs. The architectural expressions could be summarized into five categories. A matrix diagram was created to explore the relationship between the architectural expressions corresponding to the motifs and the concept. It became clear that the there is a unique concept that incorporates cultural and art into the composition with architectural expressions. This research focuses on the discursive expressions described, and it is advantageous to elucidate the design theories spoken by architects themselves. Combining KJ method and matrix analysis with the discursive expression of the concepts of architectural works and how they are expressed is a new method for clarifying architects\u27 design theories
Utilizing Orthophoto Through Adaptive Re-Use Courses in Architecture Education
Full text linkWith the developing technologies, digital-based technologies and methods used in the field of architecture, as in every field, are increasing. This situation causes the methods used in architectural education to change. This study examines the use of terrestrial laser scanning technologies as a new method in adaptive re-use in the distance education process of architectural education. The aim of the study is to examine the use of Terrestrial Laser Scanning technologies in the adaptive re-use projects of architecture in the distance education process, by comparing it with the conventional method in face-to-face education process, to analyse whether it is an efficient method and to investigate its contributions, if any. In the experimental study, it was tried to find the answer to the question of whether the use of orthophoto produced from terrestrial laser scanning technologies as a method within the extent of re-use historical buildings is an efficient method compared to the conventional method. Orthophoto images obtained from Terrestrial Laser Scanning technologies will be used in the project of re-use a historical building, and the conduct of the course in distance education will be investigated. In this research the comparative analysis method was used in 25 student projects were evaluated. In the analyses made, the average success scores according to the parameters, the most positive and negative aspects of the projects, the general evaluation of the projects were compared and interpreted in the findings section. According to the analyses, firstly, whether the orthophoto method is efficient compared to the traditional method was examined and then the efficient aspects were determined. It is thought that being able to access measurable, comparable, and high-accuracy data without going to the place is an alternative and useful method in the emergency distance education period. However, the application of site study and learning methods by practice is important for the development of the student\u27s mastery of the process and should not be ignored. In future studies, it is foreseen that the research will lead to new discussions on originality, creativity, and the use of different 2D, 3D, and hybrid techniques and presentation tools in presentation formats, since each project is designed on the supplied ready-made bases
A Conceptual Approach to Abandoned Industrial Sites within the Scope of Brownfield in the Context of Regenerative Design
Full text linkBuilt environments and technologies produced to provide for people\u27s requirements can also create environmental problems. The approaches used in the management of these problems are generally technology-based, focusing on reducing the damage to the environment, considering human beings independent from nature. As a critical view of these approaches, regenerative design has been placed in the literature. In contrast to environmental approaches that focus on the problem in design, regenerative design focuses on "turning the problem into potential". In this article, abandoned industrial areas (AIA) within the brownfield (BF) context of the degraded environment are discussed as one of the examples of the concept of turning the problem into potential in the built environment. These areas are problematic with intertwined ecological, sociological, economic, etc. degraded environments at different scales. However, they are built environments that can produce ecological, cultural heritage, social, etc. values as a result of their regeneration within the framework of their potentials.In this article, although not defined in the context of regenerative design and renewal, the projects implemented on AIA within the scope of BF, which can be evaluated in the context of transforming the problem into potential, are selected and analyzed. These projects are cases that have been successfully managed in the design, implementation and life processes, where the community and professionals have participated in a coordinated partnership, have been recognized globally with national and international awards. The lack of a systematic approach based on the different site-specific degradations in the BF in the regeneration of the analyzed projects has been seen as a gap in the literature. The aim of the article is to present an approach that can integrate different disciplines in a joint cross-section with a holistic approach to the area and to address the issue within the scope of the regenerative design process
Spatial Trends of Capital Concentration in Türkiye: An Analysis of the Top 1000 Industrial Firms
Full text linkIndustries, firms, and capital are geographically concentrated in the core regions of the countries which leads to regional disparities. Türkiye, as a developing country, suffers from high regional disparities, especially regarding east-west duality. In this context, this study analyzes the spatial concentration of the top firms in the regions of Türkiye (81 NUTS 3) in the 1999-2019 period, using the İstanbul Chamber of Industry’s top 500 and second 500 companies’ datasets. As one of the few studies conducted in this field, this study reveals important results. The differences regarding the spatial concentration of capital accumulation are decreasing in Türkiye; however, the level of capital accumulation disparities is quite uneven and high. The number of top firms is decreasing in the core regions of Türkiye, namely İstanbul (535 to 321), Ankara (73 to 58), and İzmir (104 to 76). Considering the decline in Turkey\u27s largest companies, it is clear that these losses indicate a large loss of industrial assets. On the other hand, the number of firms among the top 1000 firms is increasing in the regions called Anatolian Tigers, namely Gaziantep (17 to 61), Kayseri (16 to 28), Sakarya (4 to 14) and Konya (10 to 22). The analyses show that the east-west duality has not changed but is restructured with the emergence of the New Industrial Spaces of Türkiye. It can be said that the areas where capital is concentrated have changed
A Narrative of Modern Built Space in Cyprus: Abdullah Onar’s Critical Practice
Full text linkThe article is aimed at presenting a perspective towards Turkish Cypriot architect Abdullah Onar’s design activity and specifically his own house. Both his built and unbuilt projects can be seen as remarkable specimens for the critical approaches towards modern architecture, where he is assumed to build a modern life for his clients. The main argument of the text is constituted on the idea that with the postcolonial era, modern architecture was questioned and adapted to the local conditions in Onar’s practice by making the place-identity visible. The key question contemplated on covers how it sometimes became a tool for reflecting the current context and part of the struggle to make architectural profession visible in the Turkish community; and by this means, had a possible undertone of becoming a contemporary nation. At this very point, the study tries to understand the role of his own house in the historical narrative of modern built space on the island. The Onar house, which was executed between 1962-63, is one of the experimental examples in which Onar’s characteristic architectural elements were formulated holistically, to serve as a model for later works. Seen on the historical threshold of the period, the house is critically analyzed via the concept of place-identity, possible connotations it uncovers as the representation of the self and the dichotomy between the local and the modern. The formal architectural elements and spaces that comprise an extension of the cultural past are featured in the architect’s own house in such a way that they are critiqued and redefined in a contemporary context, making the building a notable example of his critical practice
Traces of Aydın Boysan’s Architectural Practice in an Industrial City: The Case of Kocaeli
Full text linkIndustrial areas within a city are one of the important components of urban memory, shedding light on the economic and social life, architectural design and building technologies of their era. However, modern research by architects on the industrialization process of Kocaeli, one of the most important industrial cities in Turkey, which has left important traces in the city, is insufficient. Leading architects of the period played an important role in the city\u27s path to becoming an "Industrial City". Architect Aydın Boysan is a valuable professional who realized the pioneering architectural designs of his period in Kocaeli and made significant contributions to the city. Boysan, who designed many industrial buildings in Turkey, is the architect of four large industrial sites built in Kocaeli. These four buildings were not only important centers of production in their respective sectors for the country, but also unique representatives of modern architecture that was influential all over the world. It is an important responsibility of architectural historiography to bring these works of modern architecture, which shed light on an era, to the agenda and into the literature before they are lost. This study examines the structural, formal and functional characteristics of the facilities and their status today through Boysan\u27s architectural identity and design approaches to industrial buildings. These facilities started operations in the 1960s, an important historical threshold in Kocaeli\u27s transformation into an industrial city. Research on these representations of Boysan\u27s unique modernist architectural style expands our knowledge about the production of the built environment for an industrial city and reveals traces of an important architect of the period
Typomorphology: A Methodological Approach to Context Analysis in Architectural Design Education
Full text linkThe study aims to demonstrate the importance of typomorphological knowledge as a method of contextual analysis in architectural design education. The Architectural Design Studio is a place for students to experience design tools, methods, and practice, and focuses on developing the ability to design and teach. Design, with its phases of analysis, synthesis, and evaluation phases, is a dynamic process that consists of adapting and transforming the information obtained from past experiences and making it suitable for the creation of new designs. The analysis phase is one of the most crucial stages in the architectural design process, as it involves the study of the context. The context typically includes tangible data such as topography, the built environment, functional relationships, the history of the area, and its current significance. The typomorphological approach is a method for studying context and is crucial to introduce into design education. The study intends to reveal the contribution of supporting imaginative education with theoretical knowledge to the design process and how typomorphological knowledge can be taught, in architectural design education. The paper analyzes the significance and role of context in architectural design education and process, provides knowledge on typomorphological approaches, and explores through examples the contributions of researchers using these approaches to design education in this field and how they produce solutions. The conclusion discusses the concepts, issues, and analytical techniques addressed by four different researchers in their architectural/urban design courses integrating typomorphology and the contributions of this knowledge to the architectural design process and the education of students
The Transfer of Spatial Memory with Collective Practices Among the Generations of Lausanne Exchangees in Bursa
Full text linkThe aim of this study is to reveal how exchangees construct their public spaces for collective practices in a built environment that is abandoned and analyse these places along with collective practices retrospectively through changing daily life practices. Exchangees migrated from Greece to Turkey because of the population exchange decision which was taken in the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923. Due to the fact that the exchangee\u27s identity and culture are visible through collective practices in public spaces, eight collective practices, which are weddings, hıdrellez, religious celebrations, official holiday celebrations, seeing-soldiers-off, seasonal preparations, funeral ceremonies, and public announcements of bad news are selected. These places, where collective practices are performed, are the subject of the research. The first-generation exchanges, for their collective practices, besides building spaces of their own, also settled in places that were left by the Greeks. The study focuses on these public spaces. The sample group of this study is the exchangees in Bursa, Görükle village who migrated from Greece. The methods of the study are analysing archive materials in the form of text, photo and maps and memory interviews conducted with the second and third generation exchangees who still use these public places. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the exchangees restructured the collective practice places in order to establish a sense of belonging and reinterpreting their culture and identity in the new settlement. The study concluded that the places of collective practices, spatial memory, the identity of the exchangee and the public spaces left by the Greeks have been transferred by spatial memory. This study reveals the influence of spatial memory, the relevance of belonging, reinterpreting of exchangees’ culture and identity over the restructuring of the physical environment and the transfer of these between generations