ICONARP - International Journal Of Architecture And Planning
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User-Involved Universal Design Experience in the Space, Product and Service Development Process
Get PDFDesigns aimed at the involvement of disabled people in social life are thought to bring the disabled users into a situation isolating them from the society. This study aims to emphasize that with the use of universal design principles, rather than making different designs for each user group, the space, products and services available to everyone can be revealed. This study was carried out with the view that space, products and services designed by universal design principles can be used by the disabled and that the disabled are an integral part of the society. The study was conducted with three study groups, which were formed by the active involvement of disabled individuals. Working groups focused on designs that can serve all users with reference to the experiences, expectations and needs of individuals with disabilities. At the end of the study, groups designed spaces, products and services that meet the needs of disabled people with universal design principles and provide routine participation in social life
Universal Design in Urban Public Spaces: The Case of Zafer Pedestrian Zone / Konya -Turkey
Get PDFIndividuals in society who have different requirements and needs (disabled people, elders, children, prengnant women, parents with strollers etc.) go through many difficulties while accessing urban indoor and outdoor services due to the constraints originating from built environment. Universal design is the design of the environment and the product that can be used by all the people. With it\u27s inclusive and unifying characteristics, universal design has become a design approach that have been adopted by the academia during the recent years. Planning and organizing the urban spaces with regard to the universal design principles will contribute to an increase in the life quality of all the people who use the city. This article aims to evaluate the usage of urban spaces in Zafer Pedestrian Zone, located in Konya city centre, within the scope of universal design principles. The concept of universal design in the historical process, universal design\u27s emergence process and it\u27s principles and significances has been discussed in the theoretical infrastructure section of the article.In the fieldwork section of the article, the suitability analysis of a chosen sample place\u27s space usage have been carried out scrutinisingly under four chosen headlines, with regards to the universal design principles and standards
Conservations and Rehabilitation in Historical Urban Centres: Halit and Gaziosmanpasa 22nd Streets, Tokat, Turkey
No full textHistorical and traditional urban fabrics located at historical urban centres carry on with their existence as slum areas of cities due to economic, physical and functional aging. In Turkey, efforts to conserve historical and traditional urban fabrics and to solve their problems have increased in recent years. These efforts are mostly supported by local governments, and are exemplified by such implementations as urban renewal projects, and street and façade rehabilitations. However, these implementations are carried out to a large extent on a singular basis, lacking in multi-dimensional, holistic approach. Nevertheless, conservation and problems of historical environments have multiple spatial, cultural, social, and economic dimensions. This article addresses conservation and its problems, together with their spatial, socio-economic, cultural, and legal dimensions, by the example of the rehabilitation project undertaken on Halit and Gaziosmanpaşa 22nd streets located in the historical urban centre of Tokat, and introduces solutions to conservation with respect to strategies developed specifically for this area. In conclusion a general evaluation of the success of the case study with its background and applicability of this concept to Turkish housing, which is used by middle-class has been discussed
Analyzing Fringe Belt Phenomenon in the Historico – Geographical Structure of Milan, Italy
Get PDFThe object of this paper is to identify the specific land use patterns in relation to a general framework of the fringe belts formation and modification through the urban expansion of Milan, a city with solid Italian planning tradition, by defining strong characteristics and land use transformations through comparative map analysis in a consistent timeline period. Adapting the study of fringe belts, as signatures of the pulsations of urban growth, and a reflection of urban space needs beyond those of the residential and retail sectors, is pertinent as it contributes to understand each phase of city alteration and urban growth and relate them to economic and political forces linked to the contemporary development of metropolitan areas. Applied adequately, fringe belt studies have been taken in different parts of Europe, but few have been done in Italy. This research, as a comparative study of superposition data approach, has aimed to verify the true development pattern of a city with dynamic typo-morphological transitions, with powerful industrial and service sector shifts recently, strictly reflecting on the shaping of the overall urbanized territory.A general study of the urban evolution has been undertaken and development of the municipality has been observed with a focus on defining land use maps, and obtaining a comparative data analyzes by overlapping and tracking land use transformations and expounding fringe belt modifications through different expansion periods of the urban territory. In the contemporary city, fringe belts can play crucial role as vast green open spaces for recreation and leisure, natural boundaries from harmful industrial surroundings, as well as ecological corridors and mediums for natural systems maintenance and natural remedy to improve the quality of life and provide healthier environments for the overall urban systems.Adapting the study of fringe belts in a regulated conceptual framework, and referring them into the historico-geographical structure of the urban development could lead up to adequate planning and urban design strategies that aim to improve the quality of life in contemporary urban landscapes
Neighborhood from Cul-De-Sac to Gated Community in Turkish Urban Culture: The “Fina”
Get PDFIn this study, the closed neighborhood was discussed in gated communities and in cul-de-sacs by focusing on public and private concepts, rights and regulations in Turkish urban culture. The study aims to enlighten old concepts such as “close neighborhood,” “gated community,” and “cul-de-sac” with a new approach in order to understand whether planned and modern gated communities contain the same aspects of traditional Turkish cul-de-sacs – part of the “fina” concept. According to tradition and culture, the concept of fina is a kind of usage of public space as if it were private. In the modern age, gated communities have created new life styles, spaces and boundaries with their advantages and disadvantages all over the world. The gated community may be called an “architecture of fear,” namely fear of the neighbors, fear of theft, fear of the one living outside the gates. On the other hand, cul-de-sacs are derived from friendships and family relations – namely, being friends with relatives, neighbors and nature. Gated communities and cul-de-sacs are both created by making public space – belonging to all citizens – into private/semi-private space belonging to only a special community. A comparative method is used between gated communities and cul-de-sacs in order to understand whether the legalization of using public space in private ways creates benefits to society as a whole or not. The result expected from this study is not only to determine the similarities and differences pertaining to cul-de-sacs and gated communities but also to reveal the positive values generated or existing in these two living areas and provide feedback with the potential of reflecting each other.
An Anatolian City: A Research on Cinema Culture and Movie Theatres in Eskisehir
Get PDFNot only physical presences, but also histories and memories of the cities transform. The changes in the built environments result in the erasure of past records from urban space as well as from the minds of urban dwellers. Photographs and movies record the past and document the life and culture in the built environment. Movie theaters are important as they are the sites of meanings and memories of the past. First movie theaters were built after cinema was embraced by urban dwellers as a cultural activity and a realm of socialization. In order to be accessible by citizens, movie theaters were positioned at the centers of the cities as new social and public spaces. In Turkey, cinema appeared as an institution after the republic was established, spread in 1940s, and became a lifestyle and a means of socialization in 1960s. Pioneering steps of the cinema culture took place in Istanbul and soon spread primarily in big cities such as Ankara, Adana, Izmir, and Eskisehir. Eskisehir also met cinema culture in the republican period. As cinema became a popular means of socialization, the number of movie theaters including open air theaters raised up to 25 in the most vivid period. The advent and expansion of TV in 1970s and video in 1980s, however, undermined the cinema culture. In the later years, the cinema culture which existed in many independent movie theaters spread in various parts of the city transformed into the smaller multi-movie-theaters in sterile spaces, i.e. shopping malls, as a part of shopping and dining culture. The movie theaters were not able to resist capitalism, and closed down one by one, and were erased from the urban space as well as from the memories of the citizens. This research aims at exploring and documenting the transformation of Eskisehir’s independent movie theater buildings, which were considered as spaces of socialization for many years in the modernization process of the republican period
Thinking With Universal Design in Historical Environment
Get PDFAll sorts of values which are regarded as world heritage such as natural fields, monuments and sites under protection on a local scale are pieces of cultural identity and they are irreplaceable. The environment especially consists of historical structures have significant place in protection policies since they generally host daily life activities. Infact, meeting of social and cultural structures which societies have been figuring from the past with daily life turns into a resource for a sustainable future. However, it is generally impossible that those structures which have been constructed in their own terms can satisfy the needs of today. In our country where the balance of protecting-using is on behalf of the first one, the protection policies and protection regulations exceedingly limit the intervention to the natural environments. Wishing that historical structures are actualized into daily life on one hand and clamping down on accessing, visiting and utilizing those structures on the other hand leads to a serious discrepancy. However, the prominent examples which oversee the balance of protecting-using show that historical environments can be intervened through designing which will create or add values without compromising on protection. All sorts of interventions to be conducted consider the potential needs of the users withiout giving any harms to the originality of the structure. Thus, it is expected that every one can access the builtup area including the historical structures, products and services and information equally and under equitable conditions. For that reason, making the built-up environment accessible, visitable and utilizable through universal designing is one of the fundamental rights for the people who expand their daily living environment through accessibility and universal designing. In this study, accessibility, visitability and utilizability of Bedesten (Covered Bazaar) Historical Site in the city of Konya are discussed through the theme of “Thinking through Universal Designing” and suggestions of designing are given in various scales (urban scale, street scale and structure scale).
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) As An Assessment Approach For Architectural Design: Case Study of Architectural Design Studio
Get PDFArchitectural design is an effective decision-making activity based on problem solving. Within this context, assessment of architectural design is complex. This complexity is not based on content and volume of problems, but also heterogeneity and uncertainty of information provided for assessment, subjective approaches, and a large number of the criterion for assessment. To solve the problems stated, within the content of this article, assessment methodology based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) – a Multi Criteria Decision Making(MCDM) methodology- supporting an effective comparative analysis among the alternative projects based on determined criterion is applied. The methodology is implemented with a case study of one of the design studios of Çankaya University with observation, research and assessment of the whole education term.The outcomes of the AHP-based approach suggested by the research are consistent with those obtained by traditional assessment methods, since it has been seen that this approach can provide numerical results that are comparable, measurable, gradable, consistent and can be reported separately for each assessor. However, it has also been found that the AHP-based method is suitable for evaluating only a limited number of projects. There is a possibility that the evaluation period can be longer, and the process may be somewhat tedious if the number of projects increases. With the research, and by setting thresholds levels for evaluation, it has become clear that successful and unsuccessful projects can be separated for achievement/competence. Consequently, it has been observed that the approach has considerable potentials to be further developed to evaluate architectural projects comparatively, especially for architectural students projects, and other architectural projects such as architectural design competitions
Independent Movement Experience with the other Senses
Get PDFAccording to Lynch (Lynch, 1960, 1997), who uses legibility as a reference to easily recognize and remember a space, the more the environment supports envisioning, the more legible it is.It can be seen that the students who are studying design, have developed imagination with the sense of seeing. This illusion leads students to be concerned only with the effects of visual sense in the design process.Selçuk University faculty of Architecture organized panel and workshops “Thinking with the Universal design" which included “direction finding” group study with students using smell, hearing and other senses except sight. At the “Architect Muzaffer” campus and its immediate surroundings, three different routes were set in the workshop and six students were asked to experience these routes using a blindfold. This study shows that when somebody looses their senses, they can use other senses more effectively. Students become aware of using other senses instead of using only sense of seeing. The secondary target of this workshop is to attract the attention of educators involved in design education
Planning Process of Sinan’s Ferhat Pasha Complex in Catalca
No full textMimar Sinan served as the chief architect from 1538-1588 in the Golden Age of the Ottoman Empire. He was responsible for the design and construction of over 470 buildings of different sizes and functions. Unfortunately, Sinan’s methods of shaping, sizing, and construction are unknown since no records of his design principles have been found; however, the simultaneous construction of many buildings throughout the empire suggests that he used a common method, especially in the design of simple buildings of similar size and shape. In this study, Sinan\u27s design principles were investigated in one of his small mosques, the Ferhat Pasha Complex in Çatalca, Istanbul. In the first phase of the study, the compatibility of the examined building’s plan with the methods known to be used in different civilizations, like quadratur, golden ratio, grid system, etc., were investigated, revealing that the sizes, forms, and locations of buildings are in accordance with a modular grid system. In the study’s second phase, the stages in the emergence of building design were shown by the inductive method. This system also played an important role in estimating the cost of the buildings and tracing the outlines of the plans to the ground