ICONARP - International Journal Of Architecture And Planning
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Development of Design in Landscape Architecture Education
Full text linkThe study aims to contribute to professional disciplines and literature through the design approach in visual arts-based education, especially architectural education. Visual perception is important in the design process. However, in professions related to architecture, design, and art, the perception selectivity of people should be developed and well-prepared products should be offered to users. The research aims to determine how perception theory changes depending on the education students receive. Visual quality analysis, which forms the basis of our study, was used to determine how effective perception management is, which is important for landscape architecture students and in many visual arts branches such as painting, sculpture, and stage design. In the study, students of all courses were asked to evaluate different planting designs implemented in a single structural project simultaneously, based on the basic five design principles. The data taken based on a visual survey was analyzed with Chi-Square and Frequency Analyses in the Social Sciences Program Statistical Package and examined whether the design courses taken by the students for 4 years were related to their visual perception experiences. To the analyses, it has been determined that there are differences between first-year and final-year students in their interpretation of these principles, that the education received enriches the student\u27s visual production area, and that the use of technology in design also contributes greatly. As a result, it was revealed that the needs of the students in their landscaping arrangements and designs both practical and theoretical education should be updated according to the student\u27s interests and skills. Thus, the contributions of visual perception in landscape education in analyzing, appreciating, and creating visually interesting and functional landscapes will be discussed, and suggestions will be offered to improve their education and designs in their future professional lives
Design Principles for a Special Education Center for Children on Autism Spectrum Disorder
Full text linkAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) expresses different usage of communication, application of language and stereotypic behavior. ASD continues lifelong. Therefore, good design quality and special education is essential for individuals who are diagnosed with ASD. The suitable design of special education center for ASD will help children on the spectrum to learn and gain communication skills in comfortable environments. However, design for autism is an overlooked topic by design researchers, interior architects. This research aims to fill the gap in the literature of design for ASD. The qualitative research is applied in the research to comprehend design problems and solve it by new understanding of design. In this study, 6 autism experts’ idea were taken in the meetings to design better autism centers for individuals on the spectrum. Participants of the study shared their observation of autism centers and approach for better autism centers. Depending on the repetitive view of problems and solutions, some research codes were achieved to have common sense of autism design. Moreover, special education center in the USA was visited to analyze more deeply. Main problem of special education design is crowded classrooms which doesn’t help students to self-regulate. Also being unaware of ASD and its relation to the design creates ignorance to design for ASD. Depending on the interviews and observation of autism center, solution for design problems are displayed. By this way, design set-up can be made to create autism friendly centers
Urban Lost Spaces: A Landscape Design Studio Experience at The Scale of a Historical Site
Full text linkAfter the Industrial Revolution, the development of technology and rural-urban migration accelerated urbanization; this process led to the shaping of urban spaces based on the balance of occupancy and emptiness through planning and design. Urban spaces change over time according to the social, economic, technological, and other needs of city dwellers, and spaces that cannot adapt to this change lose their functions. These spaces, which are disconnected from the living texture of the city, lose their qualities by disrupting their communication with the city residents. Areas that do not fit the definition of space, do not contribute positively to the city and its inhabitants, and are open to redesign are considered lost spaces. In this context, Çanakkale city center is examined in terms of occupancy/vacancy and land use; the reasons why an urban space is lost are analyzed and design proposals are developed to reverse this loss. Çanakkale Old Central Hospital was chosen as a lot site due to negative impacts such as war, natural disasters, fire, disinvestment and lack of interest; its historical character, the surrounding military areas and its socio-demographic status were also influential in this choice. Landscape design projects were developed by 3rd year Landscape Architecture Department students in order to re-incorporate the area into the urban memory and urban agenda. The historic site has been handled by considering ecological, economic and social dimensions; plant species and structural materials suitable for the historical texture have been selected, different spatial arrangements have been designed and design proposals supported by sustainable design approaches have been presented. Thus, it is thought that the study plays a pioneering role in the evaluation of lost historical places in cities and supporting them with sustainable landscape design studies; from this perspective, it is thought to contribute in terms of academic and practical benefits
Semiotic Study of the Relationship between the Screen and Historical Reality: The Bodies Series
Full text linkThis study delves into the intricate relationship between cinema and architecture by analyzing how architectural space is transformed into cinematic space, particularly within the framework of historical reality. Both cinema and architecture are mediums through which social and cultural meanings are conveyed. In architecture, spaces are shaped by historical processes and carry layers of social- cultural significance, while in cinema, these spaces are depicted as structures that encapsulate symbolic and cultural signs. Using Roland Barthes\u27 semiotic theory with a focus on the concepts of meaning, connotation and myth, this research focuses on Bodies, an 8-part British miniseries adapted by Paul Tomalin from Si Spencer\u27s graphic novel. The series spans four distinct time periods—1890, 1941, 2023, and 2053—and is examined for its representation of historical reality through the lens of architectural elements, technological advancements, and everyday practices of these eras. The architectural styles explored in this study include Victorian architecture, particularly Gothic revival and Queen Anne styles, as well as modernism, post-modernism, and dystopian futuristic designs that depict the evolution of space over time. This study explores how cinema constructs and reimagines historical reality through architectural representation, emphasizing the polysemic nature of cinematic images and the role of audience interpretation. Drawing on Roland Barthes’ semiotic concepts of denotation, connotation, and myth as articulated in Mythologies, The Death of the Author, and The Pleasure of the Text, the research examines how filmic representations of space render historically constructed meanings as natural and inevitable. In this context, the research presents a semiotic framework for understanding the relationship between cinema and space in social, temporal and cultural contexts and the relationship between cinematic space and historical periods. The study draws attention to the importance of spatial design in visual media and emphasizes how architectural spaces are not only a backstage plan but also function as a historical and ideological narrative tool. The findings contribute to interdisciplinary debates by demonstrating how cinematic space becomes a tool of historical ideology, offering a new semiotic lens to architectural and visual analysis
Evaluation of Healthcare Staff Satisfaction Regarding Furniture Design for Working and Resting Spaces
Full text linkThe quality of healthcare interiors is considered an important factor in the well-being and satisfaction of healthcare staff. Accordingly, this study evaluates the satisfaction of doctors and nurses with the furniture they use in their working and resting areas in healthcare interiors. This paper’s originality lies in examining the perspective of healthcare staff –doctors and nurses– as users and also investigating furniture as a crucial factor in shaping user satisfaction regarding interior spaces. In this research, a qualitative study, including observation and a case study, is supplemented by a quantitative study, including research and a survey. The method of the study includes a literature review, field trips, structured questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews with the healthcare staff of the four selected hospitals in Turkey. The findings from observations, questionnaires, and interviews are evaluated through a literature review conducted in this study, as evidenced at the conclusion of each analysis section. The data regarding user satisfaction of furniture in the hospitals’ interior spaces were analyzed in terms of tangible physical attributes of furniture such as ergonomic qualities, functionality in layout, sensory qualities of materials and color, and intangible psycho-social attributes such as a sense of belonging/personalization and privacy/sense of control. These factors, along with belonging and privacy, enhance the awareness of interior design in creating healthy, safe, and comfortable hospital environments. The paper contributes to a gap in knowledge regarding the physical and psycho-social features of furniture that influence healthcare staff’s physical and mental health and raises awareness about using interior design to create healthy, safe, and comfortable hospital environments. The research suggests that the interiors of well-designed healthcare facilities have a positive and curative effect on staff and patients; therefore, it should be addressed comprehensively
User-Centered Design for Coworking Space Interiors
Full text linkCoworking spaces, beyond being a physical space, represent a new organizational form and a new living style. Although coworking spaces have been widely studied by human sciences and managerial disciplines, academic studies on their spatial characteristics are limited and they are focused on some specific areas. This paper draws a multi-dimensional framework for spatial characteristics that play an important role in users\u27 satisfaction and preference for a coworking space. In this context the paper aims to determine the user-centered spatial characteristics constituting a guide for interior design of coworking spaces and to introduce design considerations based on the research findings. The spatial characteristics are reclassified under technical, functional and behavioural characteristics (Post-Occupancy Evaluation method); an "user-centered design research for coworking spaces" structured with these characteristics is conducted, and design considerations based on research findings are introduced. The research reveals satisfaction and importance levels of spatial characteristics in coworking spaces; identifies the spatial characteristics with low performance that need to be improved; confirms the importance of spatial characteristics in users\u27 preference for a coworking space and reveals that spatial characteristic preferences differ for users with different characteristics. The key findings regarding the user-centered spatial characteristics are “to consider the spatial configuration of noisy and quiet spaces according to the levels of interaction and privacy for users having different work motivations”, “to provide the arrangement of activity spaces, gathering spaces and workspaces (collaboration spaces and private spaces) allowing flexibility and individual control possibility” and “to create a cozy interior atmosphere with a strong IT infrastructure”. As a practical contribution, this paper provides useful information for owners, managers and designers of coworking space, in the process of renovating or establishing a coworking space
The Evaluation of the Glocalization Strategy of the Second-Wave Coffee Shops with Respect to the Interior Design
Full text linkThis study examines how Starbucks, as a global brand, employs glocalization strategies in its interior design by incorporating local architectural elements into standardized global formats. The primary objective is to analyze how local and global elements are integrated into the design of the second-wave coffee shops, a globally recognized brand, and to evaluate the balance between these elements from a design perspective. To achieve this, six Starbucks stores, selected as the sample for the current study, located in the EMEA (Europe, Middle East, and Africa), Asia-Pacific, and Japan regions were examined. The research focused on key interior design components, including vertical structural elements, flooring, ceiling features, openings, furniture, and decorative details, assessing them within the framework of local and global characteristics. A qualitative research approach was adopted, employing content analysis to systematically evaluate the selected stores. The originality of this study lies in its structured examination of how glocalization strategies manifest in interior spaces through regional variations. The findings reveal that local elements such as ceiling types, materials, and seating styles were consistently integrated to reflect regional identities, while standardized lighting and furniture layouts preserved the brand\u27s global coherence. Thus, the findings show that integrating local motifs into spatial design enables global brands to establish a meaningful connection with the local cultural context while maintaining their global identity. This balance not only enhances user experience but also reinforces brand identity through culturally resonant spaces. Overall, the research underscores the significance of preserving cultural codes in interior design as a means of fostering commercial success for global brands. By offering a framework for incorporating glocalization strategies in spatial design, this study provides valuable insights for designers and brands aiming to achieve cultural sustainability while maintaining a strong global presence
Integration of AI, Spatial Data, and GIS in Planning: Spatial Application Based on Machine Learning and Deep Learning
Full text linkThe study focuses on the integration of data, deep learning (DL) models, and machine learning (ML) algorithms with geographical information systems (GIS) within the field of spatial planning. An original contribution is provided by addressing the integration of DL and ML into GIS in terms of their advantages, limitations, encountered challenges, and potential directions for development within the context of spatial data and model validation processes. In this context, the objective is to identify the developmental trajectory, challenges, and potentials of spatial studies based on the integration of DL, ML, and GIS. To achieve this aim, 91 research articles published in high-impact journals indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database were analyzed. The selected studies were evaluated under five main categories: spatial and temporal distribution, applications of DL and ML methods, thematic approaches, employed GIS tools, and data-model validation processes. The findings suggest that artificial intelligence technologies have the potential to serve as significant tools in spatial planning, although the current developmental stage remains in its early phases. While ML algorithms are widely applied across the reviewed studies, the application scope of DL models has expanded in recent years due to the increasing availability of large datasets. Spatial applications predominantly concentrate on land use, natural hazard assessments, environmental issues, and climate-related themes, particularly supported by the extensive use of remote sensing techniques. However, due to the limited accessibility of spatial data in rural areas, the majority of applied studies have been oriented toward urban centers, revealing a noticeable gap in research focusing on rural contexts. Furthermore, studies that implement AI and planning integration in practice demonstrate that the use of spatial data and the necessity of model validation constitute critical requirements. This study may offer guidance for future research by supporting the implementation of applications across diverse thematic domains involving the integration of artificial intelligence, planning, and GIS within spatially oriented processes
The Site Narrative: Mimarlik 1990-2020
Full text linkThroughout history, various alternative approaches have been considered that conceptualize the dialogue between architectural objects and their sites. This study explores whether this conceptual richness is reflected in Turkey’s contemporary architectural agenda by focusing mainly on the period from 1990 to the present. The Mimarlık Journal, one of Turkey’s leading architectural journals, was chosen as the object of investigation, presenting the contemporary written language of academics and professionals. In this research, relevant and current literature was first reviewed to identify site-related terms (place, settlement, local, topography, context, environment, nature, history, social, culture and identity) as a toolkit for analyzing the Mimarlık Journal. The analysis of the toolkit has led to the creation of a digital database via the application of digital humanities methods of manual text mining and critical reading to highlight the diversity and richness of sites’ language(s). The result is the mapping of the terms used in context to understand the diversity, actors, and systems of thought in site narrative. The results show that the discussions in the journal mainly focus on the critique of contemporary architectural practices, rather than theoretically expanding the topic and drawing on production in fields such as art, philosophy, and anthropology. The discussions in the journal refer to the canonical texts of international literature in the field of architectural theory and urbanism between the 1960s and the 1990s. However, there is an evident lack of current sources in the bibliographies, which shows that systems and patterns of thought do not change simultaneously. This study shows that the mapping and deep reading of journal articles represent a very effective research method in the field of architecture by contributing to the site narrative while making apparent the diversity and richness of its language
Tracing the Evolution of Sustainable Architecture: An Analysis Spanning Five Decades
Full text linkThis study aims to reveal the relationship between architecture and sustainability in the approximately half-century history of sustainability. The study reveals bibliographic characteristics such as change, trend, period, country and author in the terminology of sustainable architecture. A systematic literature review was carried out using bibliometric analysis to produce a performance analysis and science mapping of scientific studies in the field. Bibliometric network visualisations were created using VOSviewer software to analyse the conceptual, social and intellectual structure of the field. This study contributes to the literature by deciphering the bibliographic parameters of sustainable architecture studies conducted between 1975 and 2022. It also identifies current trends in the field and provides a chronological perspective on scholarly studies based on environmentally conscious architectural approaches. The scope of the study is limited to sustainable architecture studies in the Web of Science database, taking into account the range of resources and the speed of indexing. The studies were carried out using 15 keywords, which were predetermined for the scope and focus of the research. This study has enabled real and legal researchers to follow the developments and current course in the field. The broad temporal scope of this study, with its unique combination of research and potential to inform practice, underlines its contribution to the discourse on sustainable architecture and firmly establishes its rightful place. The analysis shows that research has gained momentum in recent years. Today, concepts such as sustainable architecture, climate change, sociocultural sustainability and reuse have come to the fore