ICONARP - International Journal Of Architecture And Planning
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ENERGY REDUCTION, DAYLIGHT AND VIEW QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF A PASSIVE DYNAMIC FACADE IN HOT ARID CLIMATE
Get PDFPurposeThis research aims to create a passive dynamic system with immediate responses to environmental conditions without needing an energy source to operate and reduce operation and maintenance costs.Design/Methodology/Approach There has been growing awareness in recent years of the energy consumption and interior environmental comfort of buildings. Substantial evaluation of the building envelope and indoor human experience is required to develop sustainable solutions, create a responsive system that enhances building performance and human comfort in terms of energy consumption and daylight quality. In this paper, a new proposed advanced integrated façade called a passive dynamic shading device (PDSD) is revealed. The system is designed to contribute to energy reduction, daylight availability, and view quality through its ability to change position and placement to respond and adapt to new climate conditions. The thermal expansion phenomenon was used in the actuation process, with heat-activated actuators that correspond to specific dry-bulb temperatures. This paper concisely demonstrates the functional mechanism and performance of the PDSD. Sophisticated energy and daylight simulations have been executed to distinguish between three case studies. Each case represents one architectural option: 1- without shading devices. 2- with conventional fix shading devices. 3- PDSD.Findings The result shows the PDSD can efficiently reduce overall energy consumption by up to 50%, increase the amount and quality of daylight by up to 60% compared to fixed shading devices, and obstruct the view from the interior 22% of the year.Research Limitations/ImplicationsThe limitation was with the thermal expansion mechanism since it expands due to the rise of temperature, which led to system movement in the ineffective time of a day.Social/Practical Implications The study is Creating a new affordable dynamic system comparing with an active dynamic façade system. The system is applicable on any building scale with simple construction.Originality/Value Unlike other dynamic façade system studies, in this study, the goal is to create a new passive system using the thermal expansion phenomenon and evaluate its effectiveness on energy reduction, daylight availability, and view quality
HOUSING.FLEXIBILITY: A FRAMEWORK FOR A QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION METHOD DUE TO TURKISH DESIGNERS
Get PDFPurposeFlexibility became an important factor affecting the quality of housing projects in Turkey nowadays due to the requirement of the permanent mobile/dynamic lifestyle. Thus, a responsive housing design should be developed to allow modifications that respond to the changing demands of the tenants through time. Although it is a major debate in housing design for many years in western countries; the Turkish perspective of housing ignores the adjustment to changing needs and compensates it with big-sized dwellings, causing space consumption. This contradicts with the Turkish roots emerged from the nomadic lifestyle with the tent. Housing flexible design is an essential requirement in Turkish culture historically. This study aims to develop a quantitative evaluation method, in order to assess the level of flexibility, defining the indicators and the hierarchy to measure it.Design/Methodology/ApproachIn order to establish a Flexibility Assessment System, Value Engineering method is applied, a tool used in decision-making process to choose the ideal solutions. Additionally, this system will contribute to the improvement of the “architectural quality of housing” in Turkey, since now it is evaluated and commercialized merely by the calculations of the surface areas.FindingsDespite that most of the experts have a different understanding and evaluation of flexibility, they concurred on some indicators to measure and evaluate flexibility. Moreover, this study has created a clearer definition of the terminology of flexibility from the point of view of Turkish society and provided basic guidelines for the implementation of flexible housing design.Research Limitations/ImplicationsQuantifying a complex design parameter as flexibility using the Value engineering method requires the division and analyse the opinion of expert separately from the end users’ opinion.Originality/ValueThis study is the first study defining the criteria of flexibility, and their quantitative evaluation from Turkish cultural view. Moreover this study creates a more clear definition of the terminology of flexibility from the point of view of Turkish society and provides basic guidelines for the implementation of flexible housing design
COMPREHENSIVE REVELATION ON THE TOMB TOWERS ARCHITECTURE; PERSIA AND ANATOLIA
Get PDFPurpose This article articulates the origin and development of early Islamic tomb tower architecture to middle period and evaluates similarities between Seljuq tomb tower architecture in Persia and Anatolia. To better understanding of the architectural history of this period, it is necessary to specify the description of the general features and its formation. The aim of this article was to suggest a methodological way, which algorithmically described, how the heritage of Persian Pre-Islamic architecture evolved and how the basic principles of Persian Early Islamic tomb tower architecture were developed. Consequently, the aim was to describe the influence on the Anatolian tomb tower architecture in an objective way, and to categorize the elemental features.Design/Methodology/Approach First, the article identifies the original traits of the Seljuq Empire mausolea i.e. domed cube and tomb tower, and their influence on Anatolian architecture. In addition, the morphological features, and typological structure propose an objective approach for the comparison of Persian and Anatolian mausoleum architecture in the Middle Period of the Early Islamic Era (10 to 12 AD).Subsequently, the morphological and structural similarities and differences in the architecture of these two territories have been examined along with their use and development in the historical process.Findings As a result, this can prove the hypothesis that the main architectural features have not changed radically, and the basis has remained similar. However, the decorations can be changed rapidly in a more variable way. The research also points, almost all the possible spatial and structural variations have been manifested amongst the early mausolea with a wide range of variations and combinations. Despite the similarities in the polygon of the plan, there are more differences in the construction and shape of domes.Research Limitations/Implicationsthe inability to generalize the research findings.Social/Practical Implications Destruction of some of the case studies.Originality/ValueThe quantitative methodology used for better understanding the comparison result of the qualitative research
DARWINIAN APPROACH AND MUTATIONS: BJARKE INGELS (BIG) AND ANALYSIS OF HIS STEPPED PIXELS BUILDINGS
Get PDFPurpose Ingels, who was influenced by Darwin, designs new mutants by developing prototypes. This study, it is aimed to scrutinize the public space alternatives proposed for the 21st-century city through the comparative analysis of the stepped pixelated buildings, one of the mutants of the architect. It has been how much questioned the stages, which offer a public space proposal, in the stepped pixelated buildings allow urban dialogue.Design/Methodology/Approach While Ingels\u27 design philosophy constitutes the conceptual approach of the study, this study is prepared by using the architect\u27s discourse, interviews, videos, digital texts, and literature studies. In this context, the repetitive examples that the architect defines as mutation and adaptation are classified. The stepped pixels in this classification are the main subject of this study. Ingels\u27 pixelated buildings; Suitable human scale, the language of mass and form, relationship between human and space, the suggestion of space for experience, public space concept, dialogue spaces were discussed based on architect\u27s approach.Findings Ingels went in the way of dividing the object through pixels when designing macro-scale structures. Thus, he made the big picture more understandable and perceptible. He tried to achieve the human scale with the gradual pixels rising from the ground level. In this way, Ingels\u27 pixels buildings have transformed themselves into an experiential part of urban.Research Limitations/ImplicationsThese parameters were evaluated under four dwelling buildings of the stepped pixel in the case study (Lego Tower, Mountain Dwellings, King Street West, 79 & Park).Social/Practical ImplicationsAt this research, it is foreseen that the new living space suggestions consisting of stepped pixels designed by Ingels will undergo different mutations and come up with new urban alternatives in the future.Originality/Value Pixelated dwellings, one of the mutations of Ingels, who constantly draws attention to the problem of not integrating the buildings into the city in today\u27s architecture, have been analysed and evaluated in the context of urban alliterations. In this way, research, a first in its field is important in terms of opening to discuss the alternative urban living spaces proposed by the architect for 21st-century architecture in the contemporary architectural environment
AN INVESTIGATION OF SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION MODEL IN CAMPUS AREAS WITH SPACE SYNTAX METHOD
Get PDFPurposeCampus areas should be designed as centers where social activities can be fulfilled to meet students\u27 needs, and which can serve the society by promoting sustainability. Nowadays, transportation systems (bike path, public transport, etc.) that support sustainability are not very common in campus areas. This situation leads to many environmental, economic and social problems. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop sustainable transport plans to uncover the current state of the transport system and to meet future transport needs. In the study, it was aimed to compare the spatial characteristics of Kilis 7 Aralik University\u27s current situation and its design in line with sustainable transportation principles.Design/Methodology/ApproachThis study was carried out in the central campus of Kilis 7 Aralik University. In the study, the existing transportation infrastructure of the campus has been evaluated, a sustainable transportation model has been formed in accordance with the concept of "green campus," and changes in spatial characteristics of the campus with the environmental, physical and social contributions of this model have been explained. Spatial composition method was used to analyze the spatial properties.FindingsIn the sustainable design model, while the local integration value decreased, global integration, intelligibility, accessibility, and synergy values were found to increase.Research Limitations/ImplicationsIn the study, the sustainable transportation model was carried out in a narrow area, such as the campus area. It is thought that the results obtained will be the basis for the studies to be carried out in larger areas.Practical ImplicationsCampus accessibility, intelligibility and global integration values have increased with the sustainable transportation model. This situation is expected to increase the livability of campus areas.Social ImplicationsIt is thought that the mental health and academic achievements of the campus users will be positively affected in the campuses designed with the planning approach based on the sustainable transportation model.Originality/ValueThe article is considered important in terms of examining sustainable transportation in campus areas compared to spatial analysis
A REVIEW OF MODERNIZATION: THE GIRESUN GOVERNMENT HOUSE AND ADMINISTRATIVE CENTER
Get PDFPurpose The purpose of the study is to discuss the Government houses erected in the latter Ottoman period, and the administrative centers erected in time by other public buildings located around over the changes they made to the urban space and in particular over the Giresun province periodical as a necessity and symbol of administrative modernization. Design/Methodology/Approach Giresun\u27s modernization experience on the periphery was conducted by a periodic reading. The Late Ottoman Period is defined as the ‘First Steps of Modernization (the end of the 19th century)’; the first years of the Republic as the ‘Fundamental Modernization (the early 20th century)’; today is defined as ‘New Searches / Tendencies in Modernization (late 20th-21st century)’. The method of the study was determined by the collection of verbal, written, and visual data Type the design/methodology/approach of the paper here.Findings Buildings that were built, demolished, or changed their function in each period in the context of their own historical conditions, are part of the city\u27s modernization process. Accordingly, the administrative center, which was erected during the Ottoman period, continued its functional and symbolic meaning for many years, but has recently started to lose this feature and its structural quality and meaning.Research Limitations/Implications Giresun is placed in the center of the study as a township in the Trabzon province in the late Ottoman period, and as a small port city in the Republican Age. The study focuses on the period from the late period of the Ottoman period to the present.Originality/Value Today, the building, which has begun to lose its effect, despite its urban, architectural, and symbolic value, should be evaluated in a way that respects the public interest and should continue to preserve its rightful value as an important part of the urban memory. This study is unique with contribution to studies related to a city that has not been placed in many urban, architectural, and historical studies and with its potential to increase sensitivity to periodical buildings in the city as one of the parts that complement the city\u27s culture and identity
READING ADMINISTRATION PERIODS IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT THROUGH THE CITY OF LEFKE-CYPRUS
Get PDFPurposeThe urban settlement, space and architecture, which can transformation with the cultural politics and sanctions of the administration, are the most significant indicators of local culture and its continuity. With this approach, in this article, it is aimed to determine the effects of administrative periods on the built environment and so, to document the immovable cultural heritage.Design/Methodology/ApproachThe residential environment is the cultural values that carry the architectural codes of the local culture from the past to the present. In the formation of these values, cultural ve spatial policies of the administration together with universal developments such as architectural style, construction technologies and so on as well as geographical location, climate and lifestyle are determinant. In this spiral relationship, while the residential environment of the city of Lefke was examined by focusing on the city\u27s own administration periods, cultural heritage values were questioned and documented. The basis of this approach is to define these values, the first stage of the heritage management system envisaged by the World Heritage Committee, with a "values-led approach" and thus obtain the statement of significance, that is, clues for management strategies.FindingsThe traditional and/or historical housing and its pattern have been included in three frameworks, "typological, chronological-regional, and thematic" determined for cultural heritage in 2000s. In all of these frameworks, the effects of time / space and the administration periods on social and spatial structure are emphasized. In this study, it is documented that the residential environment was shaped according to the administration periods and that its traditional housing and its pattern and some modernist buildings which convey the art deco architectural style are cultural heritage within these frames in the city of Lefke.Research Limitations The issues such as the sustainability or management process of cultural heritage values are externalities of this study. Social/Practical Implications This study should be helpful in defining the immovable cultural heritage according to current international policies, approaches and principles.Originality/ValueThe residential environment and traditional housing in the city of Lefke are described for the first time with this study
CHALLENGES TO URBAN HOUSING POLICIES IMPLEMENTATION EFFORTS: THE CASE OF NAIROBI, KENYA
Get PDFPurposeThe arrival of native African communities from rural Kenya looking for opportunities led to population growth. Nairobi, therefore, has rapidly urbanized and sprawled 18 km2, and 688 km2 in 1900, and 1963 respectively. With population growth, housing demand has surpassed supply resulting in the housing crisis. The aim of this paper is to a) examine the policy and legal efforts put forward to address the housing problem in Nairobi, b) discuss the challenges to the urban housing policies implementation efforts, and c) make suggestions based on the findings of social, economic and infrastructural impacts of the intervention measures.Design/Methodology/ApproachThe research establishes that government efforts to address the housing problem through measures like urban migration restriction, employer housing, housing schemes, slum demolitions, and slum upgrading have not been successful due to challenges of land security tenure, gaps in policy enforcement, and compliance, insufficient public participation among others.FindingsThe paper makes appropriate suggestions to reform the policy approaches by focusing not only on housing aspects but economic, and land tenure reforms, and the extent of public involvement.Research Limitations/Implications The study analyses secondary sources including research articles, theses, and governments whose data were collected through primary methods like interviews, field observation, and administration of questionnaires. It, therefore, limited the findings in case of Nairobi.Practical Implications The study contributes to recommend that provision of the basic services be carried out in the slums alongside and economic empowerment programs to relieve the residents of financial poverty. Slum upgrading programs should therefore seek to impact the socio-economic lives of the slum dwellers.Originality/Value This study explores past and present efforts by different regimes and non-governmental organizations to give an answer to the housing crisis in Kenya. and the subsequent development of slums and informal settlements
Assessment of Seismic Behaviour and Safety of a Masonry Heritage
Get PDFTurkey is a highly seismic country where numerous major earthquakes have devastated or damaged the existing historic structures owing to there is a large number of historical structures, mostly religious ones like mosques, and churches. The minarets are essential parts of mosques and there are many of these historic structures across the country which were built since Seljuq Empire started to rule the Anatolia and followed by Ottomans. As Turkey located in a highly active seismic zone, the possible damage of the minarets, the tallest part of the mosques, should be examined and the safety measures, in terms of seismic retrofit, should be considered. It is engineering communities’ responsibility to satisfy the longevity of these existing heritages by the help of science and knowledge. To realize this objective, a case study is planned which addresses the problem of seismic capacity of a stone masonry minaret as a part of the architectural heritage in Istanbul, and a typical historical mosque is chosen. Mathematical model of the minaret is prepared in order to obtain possible deformation profile, lateral displacements, free vibration modes and most likely failure modes under seismic excitation by using response spectrum analysis.Most recent developments in the in-situ testing of structures and computational procedures for structural analysis have made reaching to the important results about the behaviour of the old masonry structures. The numerical results have shown that the greatest damage accumulated near the shoe region and the lower part of the shaft. The evaluation of these results is promising in terms of seismic safety of these heritages with minimized intervention on the structure without compromising the authentic view and function.
A Comparison of Classrooms’ Layout Based on The Requirements of Preschool Literacy
Get PDFClassroom design has claimed to be an important factor in supporting the pre-schoolers’ literacy development. While many studies had focused on improving the overall environment of the classrooms, few studies are established with the focus on design characteristics that enhance early literacy. Comparative studies that reveal similarities and differences of design in different contexts and culture would be a significant attempt to provide a knowledge about the proper physical environment for literacy. This study is set out to compare the appropriateness of classroom design in two private and two public preschools in North Cyprus, by evaluating the necessary design characteristics for literacy activities. The study proceeds by developing an evaluation framework that analyses the design characteristics of classroom in terms of literacy learning, then followed by evaluating the design of each classroom by using this framework. The study is finalized by comparing the findings and discussing the similarities and differences of design in examined classrooms. Findings revealed that the layout of private classrooms were more literacy-oriented in compare to public classrooms, however in none of the classrooms there was any records of specific design considerations with the focus of literacy. In general, it was concluded that in all four classrooms layout of the classrooms lacked a sensitive design with concern of literacy activities. Results also demonstrated that only focusing on classroom will not be enough and considering the support for learning literacy in all the available spaces in preschool will establish more comprehensive results