ICONARP - International Journal Of Architecture And Planning
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AN APPROACH TO EVALUATE EXHIBITION LIGHTING ALTERNATIVES: THE CASE OF MUSEUM OF PALACE COLLECTIONS
Get PDFPurpose Museums collect, preserve, analyse, and exhibit works of art and historical values. There are numerous publications that offer guidance on museum lighting to balance exhibition and preservation requirements.Some guidelines such as the way of control of illuminance on three-dimensional artefacts, the acceptable illuminance uniformity, and the limiting values for direct glare are missing in literature on museum lighting. The aim of this study is to suggest limiting values for the mentioned lighting requirements, describe the way of lighting control on 3D objects, and to present an approach to evaluate different lighting alternatives in terms of conservation, accurate perception of artworks, and energy consumption.Design/Methodology/ApproachThe evaluation of various lighting alternatives was carried out by reference to the Museum of Palace Collections. The lighting alternatives that can be applied in the exhibition hall of the museum were investigated in the first phase of the study. Twelve lighting arrangement alternatives have been design ed and modelled by means of DIALux lighting software and the results were obtained in terms of preservation, lighting design criteria, and energy consumption. An approach has been developed in which all considered criteria were assessed separately. The results of twelve lighting arrangements were compared according to the presented approach. The number of lighting design criteria that met the requirements and their degree of fulfilment were considered in comparison. Subsequently, the optimal lighting alternatives were determined. FindingsThe results acquired in the twelve arrangements designed via the lighting program were compared with respect to illuminance level and uniformity, direct glare, reflected glare, shadow properties, perceptibility of the hall, and energy efficiency. Taking into account all the mentioned criteria the optimum lighting arrangements for the conditions of this study were determined as ‘indirect general lighting and showcase lighting with horizontal linear luminaire behind the upper metal profile’, followed by ‘indirect general lighting and showcase lighting with horizontal linear lamp behind the opal glass ’.Research Limitations/ImplicationsSo as to limit the conditions of the study, the existing showcase types and the exhibition design were kept constant. It is obvious that more lighting alternatives can be created by considering other types of showcases and exhibition design in addition to the existing ones.Practical ImplicationsThe evaluation process proposed in this study and discussed using the Museum of Palace Collections as an example can be followed to make the most rational decision regarding the illumination of other exhibition halls.Social ImplicationsOne of the main objectives of museum lighting is to assure the visitors perceive the properties of exhibited objects comfortably and completely. The perceptibility of the exhibition hall itself can also be important especially if it has historical value and/or exceptional architecture. Rational decisions for artificial lighting ensure that the hall and the artefacts displayed within it are fully and comfortably perceived and consequently visitors can benefit as much as possible from the exhibition.Originality/ValueIn this study, some missing guidelines for museum lighting are proposed and an approach is presented to evaluate possible different lighting alternatives for exhibition halls. Finally, the importance of simultaneous architectural-, interior-, lighting- and display design is emphasized
NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MATERIALS APPLIED IN CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY FROM TURKEY
Get PDFPurposeApplication of nanotechnology in construction sector brings innovation to building materials like self-cleaning and antifog. These features make it possible to shorten the maintenance and repair periods of building materials, and thereby reduce maintenance costs. The development of environmentally friendly building materials become very important to reduce air pollution and adverse effects. The competitiveness of companies in the construction sector is based on technological developments. Now, it is possible to reduce costs and respond to various customer demands owing to new technologies. Nanotechnology affects many sectors as a technology that contributes significantly to the development of the properties of materials, and it has also found its place in the construction sector. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of nanomaterials used in the construction sector in the context of glass and curtain wall systems. Also, the aims of this paper are to reveal the advantages of nanomaterials by examining the differences between the traditional and the nanotechnology applications used in glass and curtain wall systems, to remark nanomaterial applications in construction sector, and finally to expand awareness in this regard.Design/Methodology/ApproachThis study consisted in reviewing existing nanomaterials in the curtain wall system applications through projects, and conducting a survey. A preliminary letter and a 14-question survey were prepared. This study covers aluminum composite and glass curtain wall suppliers which were contacted by email. Face to face interviews were made with those who could not be reached by e-mail. The survey that was formed by the authors was sent to 68 participants working in the aluminum composite and glass curtain wall companies operating in the construction sector.FindingsThe findings of the study show that there are a limited number of structures using nanomaterials in Turkey. While these materials are used in many different parts of the structures, the most preferred in the outer shell design of the buildings (curtain wall systems).The construction sector should be considered as one of the critical sectors where nanotechnology can be practiced.Research Limitations/ImplicationsThe paper contains the normal limitations associated with the survey method including potential non-response bias.Practical ImplicationsPotential of nanotechnology applications is growing in the construction field. There are large numbers of nanotechnology applications in the sector. However, construction sector is a traditional and cost oriented industry, rather than a technology focused sector. High cost of nanotechnology-based materials is a major obstacle to applications of nanotechnology in the construction sector. Even though some steps have been taken in the field of nanotechnology, the sector should be supported with incentives by government and research institutions.Social ImplicationsThe construction sector is the largest sector that causes environmental problems through construction, operation and maintenance of buildings. Due to its potential contribution to sustainability, it makes nanotechnology one of the most promising technologies in the green building area. Nanotechnology has much to offer the construction industry as it moves towards a more sustainable future. The effects of nanotechnological materials on the environment and human health are not clearly defined yet. More studies needed about that.Originality/ValuePerforming such a study is considered to be crucial for construction sector of developed and developing countries, so that the construction sector also avails benefits from this revolutionary technology
INVESTIGATION OF BUILDINGS IN ALAÇATI IN TERMS OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN ARCHITECTURE
Get PDFPurposeDue to the depletion of natural resources, energy efficiency in buildings has increasingly gained a major priority. As vernacular houses contain accumulated knowledge to adapt to the climate, they have been crucial examples of energy-efficient architecture for the designers. In this manner, the study focuses on Alaçatı vernacular houses. The purpose of the study is to investigate and compare the energy-efficient architecture properties of different types of tourism accommodation buildings.Design/Methodology/ApproachThe accommodation buildings are grouped into three categories, namely “Accommodation buildings converted from vernacular houses of the area”, “New accommodation buildings designed in the style of vernacular houses”, and “Accommodation buildings that have different architectural styles”. Selected three sample buildings from each group are evaluated by energy efficiency principles. Building energy simulation models of the nine case buildings in total are developed to determine the building components’ contribution to energy consumption by heating and cooling. The values from energy modeling are used to compare the buildings according to the checklist.FindingsAccording to the results of the study, the density of space, natural ventilation, shading elements, and pitched roof type specialties of vernacular buildings reduce heating and cooling load. However, traditional stone load-bearing walls and bay windows, which are the most significant element of the building form, increase the annual energy demand. At the end of the study, Alaçatı Energy-Efficient Architecture Database Schema is presented in Table 10 as the outcome of the study.Research Limitations/ImplicationsThe evaluation of the case buildings merely depends on the annual cooling and heating energy loads of nine randomly selected buildings.Practical and Social ImplicationsThe assessment method used in the study provides the opportunity to identify the proportion of the effect of energy efficiency properties on the total heating and cooling load. Furthermore, the “Alaçatı Energy-Efficient Architecture Schema” presented as the ultimate product of this study is expected to guide the architects to design energy-efficient accommodation buildings, without compromising the vernacular architectural appearance of Alaçatı.Originality/ValueThe study focuses on the separate effects of the properties of Alaçatı vernacular architecture, instead of focusing on one property, or comparing case buildings on the energy consumption
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON DAYLIGHT PERFORMANCE OF KONYA MOSQUES BUILT IN ANATOLIAN SELJUK AND OTTOMAN PERIOD
Get PDFPurpose Daylight control and energy efficiency in architectural design is accepted as one of the main inputs of sustainable architecture. In the present study, we investigate the importance of light factor and daylighting design criterias as the construction technique of mosques improves by adhering to different periods.Design/Methodology/ApproachInterior space designs of three different Mosques are displayed via plan sketches, therefore every mosque is evaluated particularly in summer term periods when users pray inside mosques in particular day and hour periods. In-situ evaluation results are tested by a luxmeter and comfort device. Each mosques’ technical plans are modelled in 3D programme. Measures are evaluated only when there is natural light inside.FindingsThe major design criterias and construction techniques stated in this study will give inspiration to builders to design praying halls which have perfect lighting performance with sacred sense of worshipping activities with full of serenity and concentration.Research Limitations/ImplicationsShort-term and very limited in situ measurements were taken in Konya mosques due to pandemic precautions. Also evolved computational datas of DB programme are the main limitation of this study.Originality/ValueThis study is the first to emphasise the importance and development of daylight in places of worship in the center of Konya, depending on the order of architectural design according to different periods. There are very few studies that examine the effect of daylight in worship places and its impact on construction and design. Daylighting in historic Islamic architecture can be further studied via simulation programme
BOSPHORUS COASTAL ROAD AND SETTLEMENTS BETWEEN BEŞIKTAŞ AND BEBEK IN 1939 PLAN
Get PDFPurposeThe aim of the study is to question whether this plan, which was signed by Henri Prost and showing the settlements between Beşiktaş and Bebek on the European side of the Bosphorus in detail and explains them in cross-sections, is implemented or not, and to reveal the effect of the plan on the formation of current state of the Bosphorus coasts. In the study, which decisions are taken during the planning process are also questioned.Design/Methodology/ApproachIn the study, the city centers of Beşiktaş, Ortaköy, Arnavutköy, Kuruçeşme, Bebek and the settlements between them and the conditions of the coastal road before, in and after 1939 are examined with the help of maps and aerial photographs. With the aerial photographs that have survived until today, the physical change of the urban texture over time and its current situation are also revealed.FindingsAs a result of the examination, it was determined that most of the plan, which was approved in 1939, was implemented between 1956-1958, during the Menderes period. In this process, many settlements lost their original urban texture, historical structures, and architectural identities. It can be said that the seeds of the pile road, which was built during the Dalan period and cut the connection of the mansions with the sea, was planted with this plan. It was also possible to obtain some clues about the planning approach of the Prost period from this plan. Accordingly, it can be listed as opening squares, turning dead-end streets into streets, widening the streets, and cleansing industrial-related spaces from the coastline. The fact that these plan decisions are encountered in other regions of Istanbul during the Prost period, suggests that although Prost did not draw the 1939 plan, it had a share in its design.Research Limitations/ImplicationsDue to the lack of a clear aerial photograph or map after 1939 until 1955, the year in which the changes foreseen in this plan were applied could not be determined clearly, and the time interval was stated.Originality/ValueThis plan, being one of the first steps of the Bosphorus coastal regulations on the European side, is an original document that has not been evaluated in previous research. This plan was drawn when Henri Prost was working as an urban planning specialist in the Istanbul Municipality Zoning Directorate and it bears the signature of Prost\u27s approval
CRITICAL ASPECTS, MOTIVATORS AND BARRIERS OF BUILDING-INTEGRATED VEGETATION
Get PDFPurposeGreen buildings which provide improved user health conditions and environmentally responsible applications have gained significant attention, due to the increasing environmental problems, particularly caused by the construction industry at the global scale. However, vegetation is still not sufficiently integrated into buildings, even though numerous benefits of plants have been proven by many studies in literature.This research aims to find out the opinions of professionals and academicians in architecture-related fields regarding the critical aspects, as well as the motivators and barriers faced in BIV applications, namely; green roofs, green walls and interior gardens. Hence, it strives to help increase their application rates by underlining the significant issues to be considered. Design/methodology/approachAs to fulfilling these objectives, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 120 participants with varying professions including architects, landscape designers and civil engineers, from four countries.FindingsThe results of this study pointed out that, healthcare buildings were given the first priority among the building types for applying BIV. Moreover, among the motivator factors, receiving a certificate was found as an important incentive, besides the environmental, social and economic benefits of BIV. Furthermore, although the highly rated barriers were found as ‘the lack of proper regulations’ and ‘lack of demand by the user/client’, the findings showed that the highest responsibility for the implementation of these applications was placed on the architect.Research Limitations/Implications Based on the five major groups of Köppen climate classification system, the case countries were selected as one from each of the four main types, and by neglecting only Polar, as it lacks settlements. By considering diverse levels of development and economic welfare, countries were selected as; Canada (Snow: Humid-Subarctic), Libya (Dry: Desert-arid), Malaysia (Tropical: Tropical-Rain forest) and Turkey (Mild temperate: Mediterranean).Since the study covered four different countries, the survey was conducted by the use of Google Forms software program. This tool enabled the production and distribution of questionnaires, as well as the collection of data based on the responses of the participants. Furthermore, in order to provide consistency among the questionnaires applied in different countries, the survey was conducted in English language, although it was not the native language for a majority of the participants.Moreover, based on studies claiming that participants are more inclined to select the option with the mid-value in a Likert scale, which implies a neutral position, in the questionnaire, these types of questions were constructed with the forced choice method, by keeping the scales with even number of options.Practical ImplicationsIt is expected that the results of this study would be beneficial to both the academicians and professionals involved in the green building industry, as well as to the governmental and/or green building authorities. It is expected that this study will help serve as a guide for the stakeholders to increase the application rates of BIV in the construction industry.Social ImplicationsThe results of this study were also evaluated based on the findings of four case countries and certain conclusions were derived as to their underlying socio-economic and geographical reasons.Originality/value - Although studies on similar subjects have appeared in the literature, there are none which solely focuses on BIV applications by conducting a survey on the mentioned four case countries and compares its findings with the literature and presents an in-depth analysis on the issue.
THE BRAND AND SENSATION RELATION AS A SPATIAL TRACKING IN SHOPPING MALLS
Get PDFPurpose When talking about spatial sensation, it is assumed that spatial sensation does not only occur with the sense of sight, but on the contrary, remembering with the sense of scent occurs more and permanently. The aim of this article is to examine the place of the relationship between brand and remembering in memory through sense of scent in the example of Trabzon Forum Shopping Mall spaces and circulation areas. In this context, the aim of the study is to discuss the relationship between space and sensation-perception in terms of architecture and psychology disciplines.Design/Methodology/Approach Visual, auditory, smell and sometimes touch feelings come to the fore in shopping mall spaces. This study is aimed at investigating the predominant effect of the sense of smell. The research method consists of three steps: sniffing, survey and remembering. In the study conducted with a random group of 15 people, ambient odor samples taken from the stores were used. There are verbal questions and a marking section on the shopping mall plans in the survey.Findings According to the research data, all of the participants are of the opinion that the scent contributes to the space and its permanence in memory. However, although the users do their shopping mostly from shopping malls isolated from outdoor conditions, the first store that comes to their mind when asked the question is the store they frequently use. On the other hand, the scents of some stores have the same effect on many users, even if they are not customers of the store.Research Limitations/Implications The research was carried out at a local level and in a shopping mall. It can be done in a wider environment in future studies.Social/Practical Implications Fragrance is an important factor in memory and store scents are important for the customer to visit the store and remember the place. It contributes to the memorability and branding of the place. Originality/Value The spatial experience offered through the senses paves the way for the relationship between space and brand. The sense of smell in spatial memory and branding is predominant than others
EFFECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS FOR REDUCING CHILDREN\u27S FEAR IN CHILDREN\u27S HOSPITAL: USING PARENT\u27S ATTITUDES
No full textPurposeGetting sick and getting into an unfamiliar environment in the hospital makes children fear, discomfort and is considered as a very common stressor in such setting. Poor design of hospital environments can exacerbate behavioral disorders, as well as fear and anxiety in individuals. The main purpose of this study is to investigate and address the needs and preferences of children regarding the design of therapeutic environments.Design/Methodology/ApproachThe desk research method was used and data was collected through a questionnaire given to the parents of children in 17th Shahrivar Children\u27s Hospital in Rasht city, Northern Iran. After the data of the questionnaires was collected, it was analyzed through spss22 software. Descriptive statistics (charts, mean ...) were used to analyze the data. Due to the nonparametric nature of the data, Spearman test was used in order to measure the correlation of variables.FindingsThe results showed that the components of entertainment and play, natural light, the presence of green space, cheerful atmosphere and the presence of family are among the most important environmental elements affecting the reduction of children\u27s fears from the perspective of their parents.Research Limitations/Implicationsthe lack of direct involvement of the child in the study process as well as the cultural and economic differences are the main limitation of this study.Originality/ValueThis study is the first study on the design of children\u27s medical environment using the opinion of their parents in Iran and in this regard
FIRST YEAR STUDENTS’ VIEW OF ARCHITECTURE
Get PDFPurposeThe present study investigates architecture students’ pre-established schemata or prejudice structures towards architecture before their formal education starts. This would be particularly deemed important since architectural pedagogy might be tweaked or even reformulated accordingly.Design/Methodology/ApproachThe research employs “content analysis” which is a method that uses set of tools and procedures to read texts for generating knowledge-based inferences. On such a ground, the research is based on single-sentence answers given to a simple question asked to students: “what architecture is all about.” and the recordings of a follow-up open-ended discussion with the students on the initial findings. The data is evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively.FindingsFindings indicate a series of pretexts in students’ responses, particularly a residing (historical) determinism, a belief in zeitgeist, a conservatism, a pessimistic, passive understanding of architecture. On the other hand, they did not relate architecture to newness, change, difference, innovation, and they did not conceive architecture as an agent of these aspects. Research shows that students’ horizon of expectations and their preconceptions about architecture seem to be quite a mismatch with any trajectory of architectural education tradition that might take these notions as essential to itself and its intellectual core.Research Limitations/ImplicationsThe study is aimed to be part of baseline data for carrying out future investigations, a step toward more systematic analysis of changing state of today’s architectural education and a larger/global effort to map this phenomenon with its possible effects in architectural education.Originality/ValueThe study makes an original contribution to knowledge by being one of the first studies to focus on the question of “what architecture is all about” on behalf of the first-year architecture students in Turkey
SOCIAL CREATIVITY AND PLACE (RE)PRODUCTION: TARBIAT PEDESTRIAN ROUTE IN TABRIZ, IRAN
Get PDFPurpose This article explores the role of creativity and its aspects in urban environments by tackling the issue of place (re)production based on a particular interpretation of creativity as an “everyday” and “social” phenomenon. The paper gives theoretical evidence for the relationship between place (re)production and social aspects of creativity.Design/Methodology/ApproachThe study benefited from a review on both subjects of social creativity and place (re)production to find out their relationship and how they can be expressed in an urban space design process. Tarbiat pedestrian route in Tabriz, Iran was chosen as a case study. Based on the proposed conceptual model, a thematic content analysis was carried out on the qualitative data collected in 2019 from the Tarbiat pedestrian route using Atlas.ti.06 software with regard to the dimensions of creative (re)production of place.Findings The main achievement of this article is development of an original conceptual framework for applying 1) social creativity as an effective factor in (re)production of place, and 2) the findings in a practical context.Research Limitations/Implications The main limitations of this research include the time constraints of accomplishing a qualitative research, the limited number of previous studies on the topic and the lack of samples qualifying as a case study.Social/Practical Implications This article is based on the concept of creativity as a social phenomenon that involves ordinary, unplanned, and collective creative acts of individuals, as well as urban place formation as a socio-spatial process, in which social context plays an important role. Also, according to the results, incentives of social creativity in the (re)production of the place are closely associated with the active role of the users and their enthusiasm to participate in design processes.Originality/Value This research focuses on an urban regeneration initiative to show how an appropriate context for mobilizing actors, bringing them together and shaping a more creative urban space is achieved by conscious level of place (re)production through inspired and gradual expert-oriented interventions, and the unconscious level of (re)production through the everyday shared experiences of people