ICONARP - International Journal Of Architecture And Planning
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SHAPING OF FLEXIBILITY IN URBAN RENEWAL LEGAL SOURCES IN TURKEY AND ITS EFFECT ON PRACTICES
Get PDFPurpose Discussions in planning systems of different countries under the influence of structural changes at the macro level are concentrated around flexibility and certainty. Since 2000, Turkey have triggered a shift in the planning system which is defined as regulatory in theory, towards a more flexible system in practice. This flexible system can be also seen in urban renewal practices. The aim of the article is to discuss the flexibility shaped by the legal sources with examples of urban renewal in Turkey.Design/Methodology/Approach As methodology, in the study, firstly, international and national literature on flexibility in planning systems was investigated. Afterwards, shaping flexibility in planning systems is focused on three categories; (1) spatial planning, (2) property rights, and (3) discretionary power. Legal sources related to urban renewal areas, and their practices are examined under three categories based on findings of some examples in literature.Findings The findings demonstrate that the increase in the degree of flexibility directly affects the spatial planning, property rights, and using of the discretionary power: Firstly, the scope and power of spatial plans are eliminated. Secondly, the property right, which is protected by the constitution, is ignored. Thirdly, since the limits of discretionary power are not clear, the outcomes of practices cannot be controlled either.Research Limitations/Implications The study based on findings of some examples in literature. In the study, no specific area study has been conducted.Social/Practical Implications As a result of these study, laws and regulations related to urban renewal can be rearranged in terms of property rights, discretion power and spatial planning. Thus, more livable cities can be created with the participation of people in urban renewal practices and the public benefit of planning.Originality/Value There are quite limited studies focus on shaping of flexibility, and its effects in urban renewal. The originality of this study is to examine the shaping of flexibility in legal sources related to urban renewal, and reflections into the practices
DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL APPROACHES IN DESIGN STUDIO
Get PDFPurposeIn the architectural design studio education, series of approaches, such as vertical, traditional, constructivist or virtual, are executed. In this research, an experiment was executed with the aim of revealing the effects of different architectural design studio approaches through the comparisons of student assessments. The study was based on the research question related to which of the approaches applied in the architectural design studio is the successful and productive one. The research hypothesized that in architectural design education, the independent design studio approach is more successful than the controlled studio approach.Design/Methodology/ApproachTwo different approaches were compared. The independent studio approach, in which students studied freely in studio milieu, was applied full-time 9 hours a week session in the Fall Semester. The controlled design studio approach, executed as two half days per week in the Spring Semester, proceeded with the desk critiques in a group supervised by an instructor. At the end of each semester a questionnaire that evaluated each design studio approach was conducted to 44 third-year design studio students.FindingsThe controlled design studio appeared to be a more dynamic approach in which following on the critiques of the instructor was ease. The group instructor provided sufficient time to all students for the critiques, whereas in the independent studio approach, the interaction between the instructors and the students was weak. Following up the critiques of different instructors was a difficult process. The controlled design studio was found to be more successful than the independent studio approach. The hypothesis of the research is not confirmed.Research Limitations/ImplicationsThe most important limitation of this study was that the comparisons were only made through the students’ assessments, and the instructors were not included in the research.Social/Practical Implications The meetings with the instructors should be arranged twice a week to keep students under control of instructors, and to prevent the reluctance of the students in the design studio.Originality/ValueThis study makes a difference in comparing studio approaches and contributes to the discussions on architectural design studio education
‘FLOATING PUBLIC SPACE’ FOR BIRDS: DESIGN RESEARCH AND PROTOTYPE FABRICATION IN HALIÇ
Get PDFPurpose This text intends to discuss the outcome of the graduate design studio titled ‘hydrophilic structures’. Studio research is organized on two primary axis; revealing the potentials of floating spaces as an extension of public spaces on one hand, and digital design and fabrication technologies for prototyping on the other. Concepts such as floating structures, water interaction and public space may initially refer to human utilization however, non-human living organisms are critical for their decisive role on the qualities of the water and the urban environment.Design/Methodology/Approach Design of floating structures and water interaction had been a niche inside the traditional culture and practice of architectural design, whereas design and production skills in connection with water had historically developed mostly in the field of engineering and transportation. Floating structures and their potential for unconventional spatial experiences have recently engaged in the focus of contemporary design culture, mainly due to the increasing density and lack of public spaces on the land.Findings The proposal, designed through computational tools and fabricated through robotic technology, concentrates on various ways of interaction with water and acknowledge research on the spatial requirements for the birds, as the users of space.Research Limitations/Implications Fabrication of the floating prototype is assumed as a primary target for its observation potential enabling an original discussion of the design parameters for bird species. Limitations of the existing fabrication tools and sustainability of the practically available materials were assumed to be out of the scope of this study.Social/Practical Implications Design-research presented here covers principal case-studies of floating spaces, the buoyancy principles, material tests and essential variables of ecological dynamics in Haliç as a general framework.Originality/Value The subsequent prototype serves for a specific bird population utilizing Haliç as a part of their life cycle, rather than human utilization.
SPACE PROSPECT IN THE FLEXIBLE ERA OF LATE CAPITALISM
Get PDFThis study is mainly influenced by the idea of Manfredo Tafuri that architecture cannot fulfil its ideological task since it started serving capitalism and there are no more utopias. In his book Architecture and Utopia: Design and Capitalist Development, Tafuri discusses the socio-philosophical tangle in which architects have been struggling since the 18th century. According to Tafuri, the drama of today\u27s architecture is the obligation to return to pure architecture, a matter of form without utopia, supreme uselessness.Another influence on the study is Richard Sennett’s book The Corrosion of Character. Sennett mentions the concept of flexible capitalism and explains that work life is not as rigid as it was before. According to Sennett, flexibility has an impact on personal character and asks questions about how to decide the lasting value of we in an impatient society, how to pursue a long-term goal in a short-term economy, how to sustain loyalties to the continually redesigning institutions.PurposeThe thoughts of Tafuri and Sennett are discussed through Patrik Schumacher’s Parametricism manifesto. In the manifesto, Schumacher reflects architecture’s evolving patterns of communication in relation to its social task. The main objective of the study is to propose a future space based on the ideas of Tafuri, Sennett and Schumacher.Design/Methodology/ApproachThis paper discusses the reviews of books of Tafuri and Sennett and manifesto of Schumacher as a methodology.FindingsAfter the reviews of The Corrosion of Character and Architecture and Utopia, there is a discussion of flexible space through parametric design approach. Finally, there is the prediction of future space based on the findings in the previous sections.Research Limitations/ImplicationsThere are no research limitations for this paper.Social/Practical ImplicationsAccording to this paper, parametric design method can be used in practice to achieve the spaces that are needed by the complex society of global era.Originality/ValueThis paper synthesizes the ideas of two great thinkers, who have influential discourses on architecture and business world, and approaches them from the perspective of parametric design as one of today\u27s design tools, to make predictions about the future space
URBAN IDENTITY: A PROPOSAD METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE CONSERVATION OF HISTORICAL URBAN ENVIRONMENTS
Get PDFPurpose Identity elements are the main determinants of urban perception and urban image. Evaluated in this sense, it is of great importance to create renewal and renovation works in the historical urban textures, which have had a unique character in the past and have survived to the present day, according to the ecological and socio-economic structure of the region. This study aims to evaluate the conservation and renovation works carried out in the urban protected areas in Gaziantep and Antakya based on the urban identity elements.Design/Methodology/Approach The urban identity elements to be evaluated in the study area were determined, and forms and charts were prepared to create these evaluations. Evaluation results based on 5-point Likert scale were weighted in accordance with expert opinions and conservation index maps were created based on the determined values and interpreted with the help of ArcGIS software. As a result of the quantitative evaluations, identity elements of the conservation activities and their effects on their environment were expressed with the help of mapsFindings it has been determined that the value of the historical texture can be preserved by adopting the traditional fabric and faithful conservation works, moreover the additions and material changes have negative effects.Research Limitations/Implications In the study model was carried out in a narrow area, such as the Gaziantep and Antakya urban site area.Social ImplicationsUniform protection can be prevented by considering historical cities in a way that reflects their identity. Thus, it can be ensured that protection principles are determined according to the concepts of heritage and value and these values are passed on to future generations.Originality/Value Considering historical cities serve as cultural bridges, the article is important in terms of examining conservation in these cities
THE INFOGRAPHIC MODEL OF DESIGN THINKING PROCESS
Get PDFPurposeCreativity as an outcome of our thoughts and actions is a controversial concept that has been discussed by many disciplines in different ways. In the light of cognitive research on creativity, this study aims to deal with the components of the idea generation process specific to interior design education. Based on the study conducted in the interior design studio, this paper introduces the infographic model of design thinking. the main purpose of the model is to summarize how design students initiate the design process, create their own design ideas, and also how they lead design thinking for a spatial solution.Design/Methodology/ApproachThe cross-disciplinary research paper within the context of the psychological studies on creative cognition consists of a detailed analysis of the design process in the design studio. A case study was conducted in the second-year undergraduate interior design studio at Hacettepe University in order to observe the students’ experiences during one semester. In the wake of this qualitative research, the data obtained from 15 design students selected have been analyzed gradually and a design thinking model has been generated with the findings.FindingsIn addition to the interpretation of the creativity models from the literature, initial analyses showed that design thinking can be explained in three main stages as preparation, conceptualization, and spatialization that underlie the internal and external process of design thinking in the design studio. With subsequent analyses, these stages have been divided into different strategical layers according to students’ experiences. As a result, the infographic model of the design thinking process is structured based on the evaluations of these components and the design approaches identified.Research Limitations/ImplicationsThe data acquired from the case study undertaken by the author were compared so as to identify the similarities and diversities of these processes. More research on different stages of the design process can shed more light on design thinking. In addition to this, qualitative data are based on a small group of students to get detailed information about the process. The proposed model can be adapted for different studies in the context of the design studio with more participants.Practical/Social ImplicationsThe proposed model in the research is intended to be used as a content map that shows the alternative ways of thinking in design ideation, and also an analysis method of the design process for future studies. In other words, the paper shows the two-way implications of the design thinking model on design education. One of which is a guide for practical use for design students and the other is an analytical tool for studio instructors or researchers.Originality/ValueThis study brings to focus on conceptualization and spatialization for creative idea generation in design studio education. On the basis of drawn from creativity models, the paper introduces a new process model that provides an original interpretation of existing models in design. The proposed model differs from previous cognitive studies, as it expands the ideation process with both internal and external operations
VR-BASED INTERACTIVE LEARNING IN ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION: A CASE ON SAFRANBOLU HISTORICAL BATHHOUSE
Get PDFPurposeHistorical buildings provide important information about the social life and architectural style of the era in which they were built. Perception of the effect of space by walkthrough is very important to perceive design philosophy of the structure for architecture students. However, for some reason, it may not be possible to see these structures in situ. VR technology has the potential to provide efficient solution to this problem. The study aims to provide an environment where students can learn architectural details and experience spatial effects of the historical buildings with the help of the VR technology as if they were in place. Design/Methodology/ApproachIn the scope of the study, an interactive VR program (IHVR) related with a historical Greek bathhouse has been developed and the effectiveness of it has been tested with a scientific experiment. A group of 45 volunteers from the architectural students were included in the study. The students were divided into three groups of 15 each called VR, field, and classroom. The students in the VR group experienced the IHVR program with virtual reality glasses while the students in the field group experienced the building on site and the classroom group students are told by the traditional method.FindingsAccording to the test results, the students using the IHVR had a significant success compared to the other groups. It was observed that the interactive structure of the software helped the students to learn the historical building more effectively. As a result of the study, it was seen that IHVR was an efficient hypermedia tool in learning the architectural details and functions of the building.Practical ImplicationsExperiencing historical structures in virtual environment as in real helps students to learn the architectural details more efficiently and experience spatial effects of the structure in a realistic way.Social ImplicationsThe widespread use of virtual reality will facilitate architectural education to keep up with technology and accelerate its adaptation to innovative approaches. The use of these technologies in architectural education will help to attract the interests of students to the subject that is intended to be explained more easily.Originality/ValueThe study leads to the development of VR-based hypermedia tools in applied architectural education
AN EVALUATION OF AN INTEGRATED DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND AN EMERGENCY ASSEMBLY AREA: THE CASE OF KADIKÖY, ISTANBUL
Get PDFPurpose The present study aims to analyze the accessibility and adequacy of the emergency assembly areas (EAAs) in Kadıköy which has the highest ratio of at-risk buildings in Istanbul.Design/Methodology/ApproachIn this study, accessibility and adequacy of the EAAs are analyzed. To analyze the accessibility network analysis carried out within a geographic information system (GIS) program is used. Through an accessibility analysis, the ratio of the population that resides within 500 m walking distance of each EEA was ascertained. Furthermore, an adequacy analysis was carried out to measure the size of each emergency assembly area, and its adequacy for the population within its catchment area was analyzed. In addition, an accessibility and adequacy analysis were made of the social infrastructure facilities that have been defined as second-level emergency assembly areas.Findings According to the research findings, 57 percent of the current population of the district resides within 500 m of one or more of Kadıköy’s 73 EEAs. It was found also that the emergency assembly areas accessible by three-quarters of the population within 500 m could be considered inadequate. Based on these findings, it was concluded that emergency assembly areas should be of adequate size, away from disaster risks and accessible to all residents, and that the standards for the open and closed areas within the emergency assembly areas should be defined in legislation and included as mandatory in future plans.Research Limitations/Implications The research was limited to Kadıköy which has the highest ratio of at-risk buildings in Istanbul.Originality/ValueWhen evaluated alongside relevant studies regarding EAAs, the present study can be said to contribute to literature in its analysis of both the accessibility and adequacy of the existing EAAs and secondary assembly areas, taking a holistic approach, the study makes use of a network analysis method in the GIS program to identify the number of people living in each residential structure within the Kadıköy district. In addition, the study seeks to contribute further to literature by measuring the accessibility of social and technical infrastructure within the city planning discipline through a network analysis
DECODING THE UNKNOWN HISTORIC URBAN GRAMMAR OF ANTAKYA THROUGH PROPERTY RIGHTS
Get PDFPurposeThis research proposes that the property rights in the title deeds records in an urban setting merit investigation to decode the unknown urban grammar of the order of historic Islamic-Ottoman urban forms which have consisted invisible links between the creation of urban form and its inhabitants.Design/Methodology/ApproachThis consideration of how an urban form is created and regulated according to property rights is a subject that has to date not been investigated like in this way by analyzing the archive materials and records in the title deeds and cadastral plans in a specific urban form. Accordingly, the hypothesis of this inquiry is focused on defining the relationships between property rights and urban form, which will help to reveal the hidden and intimate norms-regulations of the context. This will also help in the making of an objective analysis through information gathered from primary legal written and graphical sources –title deeds and cadastral plans– for a subjective issue. This research, therefore, suggest that the property rights and its urban grammar are not only one of the important factors in the formation of urban form, but important aspects in understanding the dialectic relations between formation and persistence of urban form and features.FindingsThe research findings can be group into two headings: literature review and case-study research. The literature review findings focusing on the analogy which is firstly used and defined in this research as a philosophical tool to explain the rules and rights related to property, and their role in managing the process of growth and shaping the urban form under the main tangible and intangible aspects. The case study research findings relying on Antakya historic urban form under the influence of property rights and presenting original analysis relied on original archive documents and site surveys. Accordingly, it concentrates on evaluations for decoding the unknown historic urban grammar of Antakya and presents original findings of the research.Research Limitations/ImplicationsThe research uses historical interpretive and case-study research methodologies in the limitations and implications of urban form and conservation studies.Practical ImplicationsIncreased knowledge on the influence of property rights and its order on formation of historic urban forms. The case-study part of this research demonstrated that the property rights an important aspect for considering how inhabitants created an urban form.Social ImplicationsThis research helps to understand the intimate values of urban forms by an objective and reliable analysis. It also helps to define social and/or moral values of historical urban form.Originality/ValueThis research firstly revealed the property rights that have major implications for understanding the formation and persistence of every single component of Antakya historic urban form. Therefore, it deserves greater consideration in urban studies such as urban morphology and conservation in order to make holistic assessments
PRIVACY COGNITION OF SPACES BY AGRAPH TOOLS IN TEMPERATE HUMID CLIMATIC REGION OF IRAN
Get PDFPurposeThe aim of this research is to understand the spatial configuration between the spaces by using the space syntax method for close, semi-open and open spaces.Design/ methodology/approcachThe method of this study is Agraph that is one of the tools of space syntax method. Agraph tool represent spatial relation between the spaces with graph and calculation included. During the research, all the space such as close, semi-open and open spaces analyzed with space syntax method.FindingsThe finding of this investigation demonstrated that although traditional houses have different topological issue, from different level of economy but the concern of organizing spaces under context and social hierarchy were same between all of them. Furthermore, inhabitants in different level of economy attempt to organize space by concerning privacy and public issue. Designing of traditional building in temperate humid climate is in a way to respond to the harsh climatic condition and to their cultural behavior.Research Limitations/ImplicationsFour different types of Iranian traditional buildings where are located in the temperate-humid climatic region of Iran analyzed for discovering the social relation of the spaces in Gilan province. These four different categories included of one bedroom to more than five bedroom buildings. Hence, this research just considered the analysis for the houses with less than five bedrooms.Practical ImplicationsApplying Agraph tool for understanding privacy and public degree of spaces.Social ImplicationsApplying Agraph tool on Iranian traduational architecture for estimating the degree of privacy in each spaces. Since in Iranian culture spaces organized based on the public and privacy factor.Originality/ValueThe original of this research is to finding the degrre of privacy in each building with different level of economy based on Agraph tool. However, the result was different from the previuse studies. The consequence of Agraph tool needs some modification for applying in architectural purposes