ICONARP - International Journal Of Architecture And Planning
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EVALUATION OF THE DORMITORIES IN THE PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS: THE CASE OF KARABÜK PROVINCE
Get PDFPurposeThe aim of this paper is to investigate the problems of meeting students’ housing needs in many cities that could not adapt to this change with its infrastructure against the rapid increase in the number of Turkish universities and students, who are educated in these institutions, in recent years. In addition, it is to develop alternative suggestions concerned with design criteria for increasing qualifications of the dormitories as one of the primary housing alternatives for students.Design/Methodology/ApproachUsers’ preferences and their management are very important for especially multi-user design processes. Hence, through a survey, it was planned to determine the physical conditions and the spatial characteristics of the existing dormitories beside their conformities in terms of the users’ satisfaction. At the end of the extensive literature research, the evaluation criteria which included basic psychological (privacy, sense of crowded, belonging and socializing, etc.) and physical (dorm rooms, social and service areas in the dorms and the dorms’ environment, etc.) factors were prepared for the survey. Then their validity was tested via the survey questions and the SPSS software. The obtained findings in the study were discussed in the frame of previous literature researches and their results. Evaluations were made in terms of the development of architectural planning principles of dormitory buildings. FindingsSome outstanding findings and evaluations were listed as increasing the more customized using areas in the rooms, rehabilitation of study areas, multiplying variations of study and socializing areas, organizing social areas as partial units instead of the only central space for different functions, avoiding large-scale dormitories for decreasing the perception of crowded sense, creating flexible environments according to the conditions, etc. Besides, although the spatial planning of the dormitories was commonly compatible with the standards, the organization disorders like overcapacity and change of functions have been found to cause dissatisfaction. Many of these are thought to be innovative inputs for the design stages of dormitory buildings even if design contexts are different.Research Limitations/ImplicationsThe survey is conducted in Karabük with 250 students from different faculties in Karabük University whose development process has significantly affected the city and the city life in the last decade. So, the conditions of dormitories in Karabuk are examined. Practical Implicationsit is necessary to consider the users’ opinions and expectations about these buildings in the frame of their changing lifestyles and thus to review the criteria and approaches in designs of such buildings.Social ImplicationsThe fast and immediate solutions which have been done without considering in detail are often not useful. So, on behalf of solving this rapidly growing problem which has encountered in many cities in similar ways, improving them in line with the current user needs and thus increasing qualities in the students’ education and life standards, it is important to examine the conditions of the dormitory buildings which have been constructed or will be constructed.Originality/ValueIn this study, unlike the other dormitory studies, the design problems and user interactions have been evaluated with a more holistic approach from interior organization to the decisions on an urban scale
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON TURKEY’S NATIONAL GREEN BUILDING CERTIFICATION SYSTEM UNDER ENERGY POLICY DEVELOPMENTS
Get PDFIn today’s living conditions, the quality of life depends on well-managed energy. Therefore, countries produce different energy policies to manage their energy resources. Determining appropriate, feasible, and controllable energy policies becomes important especially for buildings, as being one of the most significant energy consumers. Green building certification systems (GBCSs) are one of the most common applications for energy efficiency in the building sector.PurposeThis paper is a comparative analysis of GBCSs in developed and developing countries, in an effort to establish the similarities and differences between Turkey’s first national GBCS – B.E.S.T and other GBCSs, and to determine how the energy criteria in GBCSs contribute to each dimension of sustainability (i.e., environmental, economic, social).Design/Methodology/ApproachThe research methodology depends on the literature review and documentary review on energy-related regulations, legislation, and laws. A comparative analysis of GBCSs was conducted in the study. Not only the sub-criteria directly exist under the energy criterion, but also indirect energy criteria, which are included in the sub-criteria of all other criteria within the GBCS, were numerically evaluated with the helped of developed matrix.FindingsThe results show that energy credits were given the highest weight by LEED (~33%) in international GBCSs and by GRIHA (~42%) in national GBCSs. In B.E.S.T, this is ~29%. It was determined that B.E.S.T was structurally similar to LEED, while it was similar to BREEAM in terms of weight and importance given to the energy criteria. According to the developing country GBCSs, the biggest similarity is seen with GBI. In terms of SD, it is found that GBCSs present similar characteristics to their regional development level. Where a GBCS serves for a developing region, the main concerns of energy criteria focus on the intersection of its environmental and economic aspects. Thus, B.E.S.T has been created in a similar structure and the highest share (%80) on environmental-economic aspects.Research LimitationsIn the study, the comparison was made between selected international GBCSs like BREEAM, LEED, and DGNB and national GBCSs like GM, GBI, and GRIHA.Practical ImplicationsIn practice, the results can help owners or developers to focus on which energy criteria contribute economic, social or environmental advantage for them.Social ImplicationsThis study also provides some recommendations for further application and academic studies of B.E.S.T.Originality/ValueIncreasing the recognition of Turkey’s national GBCS in scientific researches and contributing to the development of it have made this study original and unique
THE EVALUATION OF THE PERCEPTIBILITY AND ACCESSIBILITY: THE CASE OF GAZIANTEP
Get PDFPurposeThe study focuses on accessibility to green spaces. In this context, the study aims to determine the accessibility of green areas in metric and topological terms, and to examine and discuss their social and functional contributions.Design/Methodology/ApproachThe study was designed in 5 stages. In the first phase of the study, a convex area map was formed within the limit of accessibility based on the literature research. In the second phase, the axial map was created. In the third phase, the integration map was used to determine the visual perceptibility of the green areas within the study area. The Depthmap software was used in analysis and creation of the maps. In the fourth phase, all findings obtained are explained and discussed with detailed graphics and maps. In the last phase of the study, some suggestions regarding the study area and general spatial planning approach were developed in the light of scientific principles in order to ensure urban green areas\u27 contribution to the city and residentsFindingsAll analysis results were evaluated in a holistic manner and the spatial relationship between residential areas and green areas in the study area was found to be weak and the perception of green areas was moderate.Research Limitations/ImplicationsFurther studies should be conducted to evaluate the accessibility of several parks of different sizes with other various methods. In the study, accessibility values were obtained with the Space syntax method. These values can be compared to each other with other analysis methods.Practical ImplicationsThis analysis will enable issues such as park locations in city plans, their size, and intervals to be more professionally handled. Thus, living space conditions and indirectly cities will be improved. As a result, urban life quality will flourish.Social ImplicationsUrban green spaces are important components of the city in that they contribute positively to urban residents in terms of environmental, social, economic etc. aspects. For this reason, it is extremely important for people to have easy access to parks for socialization purposes.Originality/ValueIt is considered that examining accessibility with the space syntax method, unlike other conventional methods, adds an important value to the study
RETHINKING THE HERITAGE VALUE FROM DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES, CASE STUDY IN YOGYAKARTA
Get PDFPurposeToday heritage is of strategic importance not only because of its historical value, but also due to the capacity to sustain traditional philosophy. A problem arose in association with the over-commercialisation of heritage that led to a question of how the citizens react to the problem and the emerging values. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between heritage conservation practices conducted by the government and local people.Design/Methodology/Approach This study used qualitative analysis to investigate official documents and newspapers. In-depth interviews were used to elaborate citizens’ perception about heritage values.Findings There were connection and disconnection between the implementation of heritage conservation policy and citizens’ opinions about conservation practices. The connection should be maintained to anticipate the change of meanings and overcome problems stemmed from heritage tourism and the uncontrolled urban development.Research Limitations/Implications This study bridged a possibility of evaluating the impact of urban development on heritage value by assessing perspectives from different social actors. It was evidenced that the official and unofficial values of heritage are differently recognised. However, this study had a limitation in terms of the social group involved in interviews. The analytical framework of this research needs to be developed incorporating quantitative analysis with a survey of particular population in Yogyakarta. This kind of study is essential to discovering how the population reacts to urban development and heritage sites.Social/Practical Implications The government should not dominate the practice of heritage conservation. It is essential to maintain the cultural authenticity of heritage by involving general public in monitoring urban development surrounding heritage sites.Originality/Value This study provides a framework for integrating different perspectives to better recognise and manage heritage sites and the overall urban landscape. This framework can be used as a foundation for evaluating heritage impact relating to societal changes and the dynamics of urban development
“INHERITED GENTRIFICATION”: CHANGING PROFILES OF GENTRIFIERS VIA INHERITANCE, THE CASE OF BOZCAADA
Get PDFPurposeRural areas have been through structural changes. The reorganisation of the rural economy from agriculture to services, in addition to improvements in transportation and infrastructures, migration patterns have started to reverse in some regions and hence to change the social composition of those regions’ rural areas. These changes and their implications have been largely debated in the rural gentrification literature, mainly by re-presenting cases from the Anglo-Saxon world. This paper contributes to the rural gentrification literature by presenting an empirical study on a socio-cultural and demographic change that, together with a local economic shift, is taking place in a location other than the Global North.Design/Methodology/Approach A qualitative case study examining the changes on the socio-spatial structure of a small Turkish island, Bozcaada, is presented through the following principal indicators of countryside gentrification: the change in the socio-economic composition of its citizens; the emphasis on cultural or national heritage and aesthetics; the emergence of new institutions leading to the closure of older ones; the diversification of products and services; and the change in properties’ value.FindingsThe first-generation newcomers were in line with the typical gentrifier’s profile of rural gentrification studies. Differently, the second-generation newcomers have shown diversity in terms of both motivation and socio-economic class. This study argues that the second-generation newcomers took part naturally in the gentrification process not because they inherited their parents’ properties, but also they play an important role in the significant socio-economic and cultural changes that are still taking place on the island.Research Limitations/Implications The fact that the research is based on a single case study is a limitation for its generalisation. However, the case examined provides a basis for future work that may validate its findings in different contexts.Originality/ValueThis paper contributes to the rural gentrification literature by introducing a new type of gentrification process, the ‘inherited gentrification’ with the identification of the second-generation gentrifiers of the island, who are the direct descendants of the first gentrifiers
Restoration of the Greek Orthodox Churches at the End of the 19th Century in Istanbul: Case of Galatasaray Panagia Church
Get PDFPurposeThe Westernization and its reflections could be observed in the architecture, urbanism and social life in Istanbul in 19th century. The Tanzimat Edict (1839), Vienna Protocol (1855) and Islahat Edict (1856) affected the lifestyle of non-Muslims, especially in the administrative, religious and educational sphere. These political, legal and social reforms had also affected the Greek Orthodox community living in the Ottoman lands and their architectural activities about the churches. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to clarify the restoration works of Galatasaray Panagia Church conducted in the 19th century based on the archival documents.Design/Methodology/ApproachThe archival documents provide a comprehensive understanding of the changes, repairs, architectural implementations and formal procedure of the restoration of the Greek Orthodox churches. The methodology of the paper is mainly to analyze the archival documents and do the field survey. The archival documents about the extension of the Galatasaray Panagia Church was analyzed in detail. Then field survey was done. Present-day conditions of the church was observed and compared with the archival documents. Moreover, the analogical research was done to understand the situation before the implementation in 19th century. FindingsThe archival documents were the important proofs of the interventions of the conservations, which were applied at the end of the 19th century. They give information about to the drawing techniques, characteristics of interventions, construction materials, construction sector, responsible authorities and the process of getting necessary permissions for the restoration and the details of labors. At the end of the 19th century, restoration process of the Greek Orthodox churches was changed with the removal of the restrictions. For example, the new construction materials were used from European countries.Research Limitations/ImplicationsThis study examines the archival documents to provide the information about the church and aims to underline the importance of these documents to understand the history of the church, as well as the conservation methodology and process in the 19th century.Practical ImplicationsThe archival documents are not merely materials to help understand the building better, but they also serve as tangible evidences of past restorations. The technical details that archival documents include, guide the decision process of the future interventions. Moreover, they provide reliable and valuable information about the later additions that must be conserved.Social ImplicationsThe Greek Orthodox community was one of the important non-Muslim groups, had a significant role in the Ottoman Empire. Considering the present-day conditions, most of the Greek Orthodox churches could survive owing to the extensive repairs, restorations or, in some cases, reconstructions. This study made an important contribution to the research on the Greek Orthodox churches, which has a small population today.Originality/ValueMost studies on this subject is based on just classification of the archival documents. However, this study is focused to analyze the documents in detail with the observation on the structure. The originality of this study is both to analyze historical archival documents and to observe present-day conditions together. Thereby while the past restoration process was understood, future implementation are shed light on.The major changes in political, environmental or architectural manners in the Ottoman period had originated mostly in the 18th century during the so-called Tulip Era and almost the whole empire was influenced. This process was called the Westernization and its reflections could be observed in the architecture, urbanism and social life in Istanbul. The Tanzimat Edict (1839), Vienna Protocol (1855) and Islahat Edict (1856) affected the lifestyle of non-Muslims, especially in the administrative, religious and educational sphere. These political, legal and social reforms had also affected the Greek Orthodox community living in the Ottoman lands and their architectural activities about the churches. Considering the present-day conditions, most of the Greek Orthodox churches could survive owing to the extensive repairs, restorations or, in some cases, reconstructions. The archival documents provide a comprehensive understanding of the changes, repairs, architectural implementations and formal procedure of the restoration of these churches. In addition, the technical details that archival documents include, guide the decision process of the future interventions. The archival documents are not merely materials to help understand the building better, but they also serve as tangible evidences of past restorations. In this context, this article aims to clarify the restoration works of Galatasaray Panagia Church conducted in the 19th century based on the archival documents
CONSERVING MODERN ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE: REVIEW ON FIRST NUMUNE HOSPITALS OF TURKEY
Get PDFPurposeThe new political approaches followed after the establishment of republic transformed the basic characteristics of many different dynamics in Turkey ranging from education and industry to art and architecture. The arrangements related to health services hold an important place among these fields and the great transformations seen in healthcare services necessitated the construction of hospital buildings with contemporary architectural qualities. In this framework, new hospital buildings known as “Numune” (Sample) Hospitals were established in Ankara, Diyarbakır, Erzurum and Sivas cities in 1924 to be good examples for further hospital buildings. In this context, the historical evolutions, architectural characteristics and current situations of these Numune hospitals are examined in this study together with an analysis of all the changes and interventions they were exposed to from past to present. This study aims to clarify the historical importance of Numune hospitals in question, address the changes they have undergone to date, criticize the interventions in the context of architectural history and conservation disciplines, and put forward various suggestions related to such disciplines. The search of the ways to provide the interrelationship of these buildings with the rapidly evolving current world by referring to the contemporary methods of different disciplines, constitutes one other basic aim of this study. The applications of the public authority of health services; namely the -Ministry of Health- and the other efficient dynamics related with the conservation of these buildings are also critically evaluated with respect to their roles on the sustaining of the architectural and historial values of these buildings.Design/Methodology/ApproachThe problems in preserving the original characteristics and showing respect to the historical values of these buildings are discussed by using the instruments and concepts of architectural history and conservation disciplines. Besides, some strategies are proposed for the preservation of these buildings with an awareness of the current conditions of health services in Turkey, and the possibility of the conflict between today’s conservation practices and health facility standards.FindingsTaking into account contemporary approaches and the advanced conservation techniques being employed today, this study indicates that it is possible to make use of these structures by transforming their functions and maintaining their authentic values through proper applications. It is also expressed that a well-defined framework regarding that which structures are to be conserved according to which criteria could not be created, and that the decision-making mechanism focused solely on the conservation of the oldest structures.Practical ImplicationsSome refunctioning and remediation strategies are presented for conserving the historical values of these Numune hospitals, while also improving their conditions as far as possible.Social ImplicationsThe concepts of heritage and value should be defined in a broader contextual framework and conservation principles should be revised according to these definitions.Originality/ValueConsidering these buildings serve as cultural bridges extending from the Ottoman era to the present and have important places in the historical development of healthcare facility architecture in Turkey, they hold symbolic values within the context of Turkish architectural history and heritage
ASSESSMENT OF THE RURAL ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF GÜDÜL TOWN (ANKARA) BY QUANTIFIED SWOT ANALYSIS
Get PDFPurposeRather than solely having agricultural production at its core, rural development comprises of a multiaxial structure in which the socio-economic structure develops, non-agricultural economic diversification is assured, and a governance-based approached is adopted in the organization and participation mechanisms. The applicability and consistency of these intertwined axes entail an integrated approach to efforts in rural development. With the purpose of uncovering the critical points of the process, creating strategies intended for rural economic development within the axes valued by different stakeholders, and strengthening the participation mechanisms, SWOT Analysis, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) integrated method, and TOWS matrix have been used to identify the Güdül rural economic development model.Design/Methodology/ApproachIn this study, the hierarchical structure established for the economic structure of Güdül is placed on the foundations of a SWOT analysis, quantified through Analytic Hierarchy Process, and evaluated within the framework of the three stakeholder’s perceptions (local people, experts, and local governments) according to their priority values.FindingsThus, the extent of the respective effects of important factors in rural economic development has been identified. In conclusion, the decisive role of quantified methods in the identification of strategies and policies utilized in the process of Güdül’s rural economic development has been manifested. Various strategies supporting the rural development and also institutions responsible for the implementation of these strategies were designated in light of the needs of Güdül and the expectations of the local people living in rural areas.Research Limitations/ImplicationsThe version of the questionnaire forms compatible with the SWOT-AHP technique, the scarcity of local manager surveys, the lack of answers to the questions of the local people are among the main difficulties encountered.Originality/ValueThis study is quite original in that it is the first strategic rural development plan model made specifically for Güdül, related to the participation of indigenous people in planning initiatives and transparently reflects the sometimes combined and sometimes changing views of local people, experts and local administrators about the importance of SWOT groups has a quality
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF SYRIAN IMMIGRANT POPULATION PROBLEM IN FATIH - ISTANBUL
Get PDFPurpose The paper reflects the impacts of the "Arab Spring" that broke out in Tunisia and Syria and led to the loss of more than 300,000 people. A wave of migration began in 2011, especially from Syria to its neighbouring countries including Turkey and Lebanon. Syrian migratory flows have caused social, economic, and ecological problems in the hosting countries. Turkey is one of the countries most affected by the wave of migration from Syria. Syrian refugees were unequally distributed or dispersed not only in leading metropolitan areas of western Turkey but also in many neighbouring cities in the southeast. The distribution of Syrian refugees in Turkish cities revealed considerable spatial heterogeneity and differences.Design/Methodology/ApproachThe sample size of the study is 953 and the margin of error of this sample size is ± 3.17 at a 95% confidence level. Stratified simple random sampling was used. Interviews wereFindingsFatih in İstanbul is one of the districts where Syrian immigrants most often settle. As part of the research on social risk mapping for Fatih District, immigrants - especially Syrian immigrants - have been identified as the main cause of problems by residents (the locals), with this group experiencing higher layoffs in terms of economic opportunities. Our analysis found that the main reason why Syrian immigrants are cited as a problem is "economic motivation". The rate at which Syrians are declared a problem in the districts of Fatih district is directly proportional to the distribution of the Syrian immigrant population.Research Limitations/Implications Time restriction, unfavourable weather conditions, missing information for socio economic status calculation, reluctance of women to join the survey.Originality/Value This study is the first research which examined spatially, how forced migration has an impact on local residents. Its results that can be useful for social measures towards urban planning and management to reduce the negative effects caused from forced migration population.