ICONARP - International Journal Of Architecture And Planning
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THE DIFFERENTIATION OF PARENTAL SATISFACTION WITH THE SPATIAL FEATURES OF PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS: THE CASE OF PENDIK, ISTANBUL
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The present study aims to examine the change of parents\u27 satisfaction with the spatial features of public primary schools according to personal, residential, school, and neighbourhood characteristics and to measure to what extent the spatial features explain the overall satisfaction with primary schools.
Design/Methodology/Approach
Firstly, the study area was divided into 4 clusters by hierarchical clustering method. In proportion to the number of students in each cluster, an online survey was conducted with 807 parents in 19 public primary schools in Pendik between 5-27 May 2020. Personal and residential characteristics obtained from the survey results and school and neighbourhood characteristics obtained from secondary sources were cross-tabulated with the levels of satisfaction on 19 spatial characteristics of the schools. Later, these 19 spatial features were reduced to two basic dimensions with the principal component analysis, and the level of explanation of these dimensions on the overall school satisfaction was revealed by multiple regression analysis.
Findings
The level of satisfaction of parents with the spatial characteristics of primary schools differs significantly according to personal (15 out of 19), residential (5 out of 19), school (14 out of 19), and neighbourhood (10 out of 19) characteristics. In addition, the parents\u27 satisfaction regarding the spatial adequacies of the primary school has a determinant effect on the overall satisfaction of the parents with the primary school. The most effective factors in the overall satisfaction of parents from primary school are "size of sports fields" and "size of activity spaces".
Research Limitations/Implications
Similar studies in different cases (both in rural and urban areas), different time periods, and for different education levels should be repeated to compare the results.
Social/Practical Implications
This research indicates that spatial characteristics should be taken into account in determining the priority improvements starting from the sports fields and activity spaces of schools.
Originality/Value
The present study evaluates the spatial adequacies of public primary schools and associates it with urbanization and urban planning. It is expected to contribute to the studies to increase the quality of spatial dimensions of primary schools, and consequently urban life quality
ANILARLA SON 50 YILIN MİMARLIK VE PLANLAMA PRATİĞİ
No full textThe book “Architecture and Planning Practice of the Last 50 Years with Memories” was written by Ahmet Alkan and published by YEM Publishing in 2019. The book is on architecture and planning practice in the genre of autobiographical fiction - as the name suggests. In addition to his academician identity, the author stands out with his designs and applications especially in Konya and Ankara for many years.
The cover of the book has a very minimalistic design. The sketch on the cover, which is presented as the "Father\u27s house" layout plan, is barely perceptible. This sketch is placed on the cover gives the impression that the content of the book more prominently includes application projects. However, its focus is slightly different. The choice of color on the cover may have relation of being in Mevlana’a land.
The focus of this book is the effects and results of lessons learned from 50 years of professional experience. However, we see that this process is more than an academic past; the problems that have existed from the 1970s to the present, affected the understanding of architecture and design, and increased in different aspects are shared through experiences. In this context, the book mainly focuses on three main titles;
*The effect of the period of laws and cooperatives on the design process,
*The effect of those who see the right to change and carry out the design process,
*Ignoring the labor and time of architects in the design process
Evaluation of Aluminium Production Waste in Building Material Production
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The production of aluminum is based on obtaining alumina from bauxite, which is also known as the "Bayer Process." However, waste that is enough to endanger the environment is released at the end of this process applied to obtain aluminum. In Turkey, red mud waste is released from Seydişehir ETİ Aluminum production facilities into the pond located within the settlements. Red mud, which creates a potential environmental problem, should be systematically eliminated. In the literature, there are hundreds of studies on this subject. However, it is observed that these studies will not accelerate the waste consumption process. The consumption of the waste as soon as possible will be possible by using it as the main raw material. In this context, using both the literature and the doctorate study of the manuscript\u27s author, the methods for using the waste as a building material were discussed for the systematic consumption of it.
Design/Methodology/Approach
Accordingly, in the study, the physical (specific gravity, plastic limit, differential thermal analysis, etc.) and chemical properties (XRF) of the waste red mud were discussed together with the waste generation process starting with the Bayer process. Furthermore, the physical (specific gravity, water absorption, water vapor permeability, initial water absorption velocity), mechanical (compressive strength) of the building materials that could be produced by using the waste were also included in the study.
Findings
It was concluded that it was possible to produce a quality building material by using the waste as a raw material.
Research Limitations/Implications
Type the research limitations/implications of the paper here.
The study was limited to the mixing of red mud waste and pyroclastic rocks in certain proportions and their use as raw materials in the production of baked building materials by baking at different temperatures.
Social/Practical Implications
In this study, a solution method to a potential environmental problem was developed. Furthermore, a source of raw material was provided in sustainable building material production. Accordingly, a contribution can be made to the national economy with the building material that can be produced with local opportunities.
Originality/Value
With the materials and joining methods used in the study, a production was made on a unique subject
A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO FLAT-FOR-LAND BASIS MODEL IN AN URBAN TRANSFORMATION PROJECT: BEYOĞLU OKMEYDANI
Get PDFPurposeContribution to our country’s urban transformation application literature was aimed via the transformation and mathematical distribution model which was developed considering the unique properties of Okmeydanı Urban Transformation Area, which was officially declared as “risk area” by the Cabinet. Design/Methodology/ApproachAfter the Introduction, information about the emergence, definition, purpose, and differences in the historical application of the concept of urban transformation were given. The changes of urban transformation practices and their reflections on the cities since 1950s in Turkey were analyzed on the basis of urban transformation experiences and practices in the developed countries. Financial methods used in transformation projects were discussed in detail by taking the current urban transformation law and policies into consideration. On the third section, physical, social, and economic data regarding the City of Istanbul, Country of Beyoğlu, Okmeydanı Urban Transformation area, which is the main topic of this study were presented in detail. The urban transformation and distribution model which was developed based on the technical data, community requests, and official data was described in detail with its formulas. In the conclusion section, the reflections of the model on both the area itself and on the city were evaluated.FindingsIn accordance with the analysis conducted based on the current settlement, the size of the population, and the zoning plan of the urban transformation area; it is inevitable for the rights holders to agree to a downsizing of their estates and to take action collectively. This situation makes it harder to realize the urban transformations’ legal obligation of approval by at least 2/3rds of the rights holders. Furthermore, meeting of the investor’s and all the rights holders’ project rights on the project area will inevitably result in new urbanization problems in the future.Research Limitations/ImplicationsDue to the not being able to collect enough social and economic data on Okmeydanı Urban Transformation Area, the developed transformation model was based mostly on technical and physical data. Therefore, the social evaluation, which is one of the requirements of a successful urban transformation could not be conducted.Practical ImplicationsThe determined urban transformation model for Okmeydanı Urban Transformation Project was developed in a transparent and egalitarian approach using the official data, supported by scientific methods, and preparing the legal background for all decisions.Social ImplicationsAlthough the social data of the area was not one of the parameters used in the developed transformation and distribution model, the implementation of the transformation model is consistent with the social benefit expected from transformation projects since it is based on the principle of keeping the resident rights holders in their neighborhood after the completion of the project.Originality/ValueOkmeydanı is an area that is not suitable for implementation of previous transformation models due to its ownership structure, its licensed and unlicensed constructions since 1950s, its historic past and protection status, location, population size and density, and inevitability of unified action from its residents because of the zoning plans. Therefore, a unique model that befits the unique properties of the area was developed
A NARRATIVE ANALYSIS OF WOMEN’S USE OF SPACE IN TEHRAN MODERN HOUSING: 1960-1980
Get PDFPurposeIran’s modernization process began from late nineteenth and early twentieth century with political and economic reforms that were followed by socio-spatial reforms. The state’s policy of modernization intensified in the 1960s to the late 1970s following the White Revolution and economic boom. Tehran was considered as the capital of modernization and a ground pattern for socio-spatial transformation in the country. The images of modern living spaces and modern society with a focus on women as agents of change and discontinuity were imported from the west. Modern socio-spatial ideas in confrontation with traditional and local ways of life transformed and adapted the status quo. The purpose of this study is to analyze the women’s use of modern domestic spaces constructed between the years 1960-1980 in Tehran, considering political, economic and socio-cultural dynamics.Design/Methodology/ApproachThe factors that affected use of space and adjustments were categorized in accordance to user profile, dwelling unit and settlement. The data was collected through in-depth interviews with twenty women and analyzed through narrative content analysis.FindingsThe results showed that several links existed between socio-cultural norms, women’s everyday life and use of space. Some of these connections represented demographic and economic sources, whereas others had physical, environmental and socio-political sources.Research Limitations/ImplicationsNumber of case studies were limited and making contact with the interviewees proved to be difficult due to security reasons of the settlements. Furthermore, in some instances it was challenging to have access to archives of buildings due to factors such as dissolution of companies in charge of planning in period of Iran Revolution (1978-9).The significance of this study was to explore broader aspect of architectural design, housing development and evolution in Iran and leads to new perspectives in other fields such as socio-cultural studies.Practical ImplicationsThe investigation of practical aspect of modern housing through analyzing narratives of women dwellers provide useful analytical data for architects to consider factors such as household structure, privacy, everyday life and socio-cultural values in designing the domestic spaces.Social ImplicationsA comprehensive study of the users in Tehran, based on the experience of women living there, unfolded a new level of findings. It showed that determinative factors on gender, domesticity and the use of space are deeply rooted within the context-specific social or cultural norms.Originality/ValueThe previous studies focused on political, social and economic aspects, whereas this study concentrated on gathering first-hand information from the occupants to provide data on the women’s use of space in modern houses
A SPATIAL TRANSLATION ON THE TEXT OF RAYMOND QUENEAU’S “EXERCISES IN STYLE”
Get PDFPurposeFounded in France in 1960, Ouvroir de Litterature Potentielle (OuLiPo - Workshop of Potential Literature), is a literary game group that conducts experiments to improve creativity in the act of writing. The discoveries and inventions of the group in literature have also created an adaptable potential for non-literary fields. In this study, the work of Raymond Queneau Exercises in Style, one of the early works of OuLiPo, is translated into the medium of a different discipline. With this proposal, the study aims to make an external contribution to the creativity of disciplines which produce space.Design/Methodology/ApproachThe study uses an interdisciplinary approach to practice a translation process between the Oulipian literature and architecture. By exploring the possibilities of language with 99 variations of the same story, Exercises in Style establishes strong links with translation and creativity; it has been reproduced in many different fields and translated into different languages. In light of this source text, and its reproductions in many different disciplines, 33 variations of a space are produced.FindingsWith this study, space is redefined as a translation object and the potential of the spatial medium is examined with an Oulipian approach. This translation process shows lots of equivalent aspects between linguistic and spatial expressions. Beyond adaptation of the Oulipian techniques used in the text, new creative methods also come to the fore. Therefore, this productive game represents a potential for the educational environment of space design.Originality/ValueThe reproduction produced in this study is the first spatial translation of Exercises in Style. While being a sign of respect as trying to keep the original text alive, this translation can open the ways for the text’s other adaptations for several scales of space medium or even different disciplines that have not been studied in this context yet. Furthermore, 33 variations of this space can be varied infinitely and this game can be continued as an open work
DESIGN THINKING TO FAMILIARIZE HEARING-IMPAIRED ARCHITECTURAL DRAFTING STUDENTS WITH HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN CONCEPT
Get PDFPurposeDeveloping a human-centered design understanding in built environment-related professions and enabling them to encompass diversity are crucial for the improvement of more inclusive environments. Considering the value of guiding experiences of people with disabilities for more inclusive design practice and increasing the awareness of professionals with disabilities in design and building practice plays a key role in achieving this goal. There is a growing effort to implement inclusive and universal design issues to the educational programs of design and related disciplines for about two decades. Contrary to the developments in the pedagogy of “core” design disciplines, human-centered design perspective seems not to be widespread enough in the education of so-called “peripheral” occupations of design, like architectural drafting, especially in Turkey. Design Thinking (DT) approach, which is defined as a way of thinking, is in fact widely used in the design-related fields. In such a need of human-centered and creative problem solving, the approach seems to provide a potential to raise awareness about user-oriented design in such peripheral occupations like architectural drafting education. Considering the widening use of strategies of DT also in non-design fields, the research out of which this article comes from involves a special adaption of the approach. Departing from the ultimate aim “to raise awareness of hearing-impaired architectural drafting students about user oriented architectural design,” it applies the strategies of the DT to this special case and reports the process and its findings, hence not only providing a special instance of the model but also revealing its potential contribution to peripheral or non-design disciplines.Design/Methodology/ApproachSince it particularly focuses on understanding of human behavior, provides flexible and holistic tools to investigate such phenomena and since it is based on a systematic and reflective process, the present research was carried out through qualitative research approach and its tools.FindingsStudy showed that in relation to hearing-impaired students’ underlined need for getting familiarized with the process of architectural design and focusing on human-centered design approach, present application of Design Thinking strategy worked effectively to provide basic information about architectural design, design process, and related tasks and user needs as well, as part of design process for hearing-impaired architectural drafting students with a certain level of hearing loss and language ability.Research Limitations/ImplicationsSince the research was embedded within the existing educational system, data collection and observation processes had to be defined according to these boundaries. Also the students’ level of language abilities and their limited background about their field of study, because that they were first year students were the main limitations of the study. Apart from its aforementioned outcome, the research was a means of expanding the application of the initial DT model, and it could be seen as a contribution to the existing studies concerning the education of the hearing-impaired students. In general, the research illustrated that DT, as a carefully developed approach to be employed particularly for non-design occupations, could also be effectively used to teach design process for disabled design professionals. Consequently, it is thought that it could be applied to the formulation of courses such as; environmental design, design for all, inclusive design, as well as be utilized for students developing empathy with users, familiarizing with observation and interview techniques, and as a means of quick and systematic problem solving sessions.Practical ImplicationsAs it might be expected the study primarily contributes to the education of the hearing-impaired students. It helped students to develop an understanding of design process as well as develop their professional schemata (i.e. their conceptual vocabulary). As a research it provides a foundational knowledge concerning application of DT strategies in a specific field of study.Social ImplicationsBy nature, one of the basic problems confronting students with disabilities is to make them an integrated part of the society, from daily life to some specialized situations such as professional life and their education. Researcher strongly believes that this study has had implications as such although it was not primarily involved with such a goal.Originality/ValueAs it might be guessed the present study might be considered as a part of and a contribution to a larger research tradition evolving around the Design Thinking approach, i.e. its application and adaptation to different areas and field, and development of the strategy itself. On the other hand, since it adapts and applies DT to a specific case, and an original problem situation, actually a very rarely addressed one. As such, while it might be considered as a special contribution to that specific tradition, at the same time its primary contribution is to the education of the hearing-impaired students, and its pedagogy
THE EVALUATION OF INTERIORITY IN THE IDENTITY OF PUBLIC SPACES
Get PDFPurposePublic spaces in the context of everyday life in an urban environment include all places with public access and public use. Places for public interaction provide the greatest amount of human contact. In every city, many interiors are considered public because they are of or pertain to the people in everyday life. As part of public spaces, public interiors have an important role in creating place identity.In an urban environment, place identity is defined by meanings as well as the elements of setting, activities, and events taking place within that environment. This paper aims to reveal the interiority attributes and elements of public interiors to determine how they influence the identity of interior places. This understanding clarifies how this differs from the more general concept of place identity in public spaces.Design/Methodology/ApproachTo do this, a framework for identity was constructed with three components: physical setting, activity, and meaning, based on the main theoretical perspectives of Relph (1976) and Montgomery (1998). To determine the relationships between the interiority indicators of public interiors and identity, this case study focused on Kızlarağası Inn, a historic inn in İzmir, and its immediate surroundings. Data concerning the components of place identity were collected through archival research, observations, on-site documentation, questionnaires, interviews, behavior mapping, and tracking.FindingsThe analysis of the attributes and elements of place identity in this public interior indicated that the interiority of public spaces can play a positive role in increasing place identity. Moreover, the evaluations revealed the effect of internality in each component of place identity. Features like well-defined boundaries, closeness to human scale, volumetric properties, legibility, the potential of promoting a wide range of activities, and promoting a different sensory context stem from the internality of place.Social/Practical ImplicationsThis study emphasized the importance of public and urban interiors as significant places that facilitate public life. Moreover, it showed the extension of interior spaces outside the buildings, which emphasized a new perspective for interior architects and urban designers by bringing a new understanding of the interiority
THE CONTINUITY OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE AMIDST CHANGES, VILLAGE SHYOPURA, INDIA
Get PDFPurpose The purpose of the paper is to understand the spatial structure with respect to permeability of vernacular/rural architecture of Rajasthan state in India. It also attempts to investigate the relationship of courtyard as an important aspect of rural housing.Design/Methodology/Approach This paper examines the typology of rural houses of a Rajasthan village built over more than a century. It justifies the continuity of typology through activities helping in understanding the vernacular environment as a concept in popular or domestic rural architecture. With the help of space syntax methods the spatial pattern and social relationship has been understood. Paper is divided in four major parts. The first part discusses the concept of vernacular along with the contextual village. The second part discusses the methodology of space syntax and method of making justified graph. The third part discusses the data analysis. Finally the conclusions are discussed. The research makes use of space syntax methodology with the help of Justified Graphs of 10 different houses of Village Shyopura in Mandawa town of district Jhunjhunu in Rajasthan state of India. These houses were built during past 125 years.Findings The results of the analysis show how the traditional typological approach to housing forms remains still relevant as an example of vernacular architecture. The study’s aim is to avail insight into the continuity of vernacular traditions with specific interest and socio-cultural relation of spatial formation of courtyard in houses the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the study have been combined together to reach at the conclusions.Research Limitations/Implications Due to time limit only 10 houses have been studied in hot dry climatic region of India. There continuity of vernacular architecture can be tested by using the similar methodology use3d here to establish stronger relevance of the argument.Social/Practical Implications The research establishes the continuity, but on a slight note also mentions of changing architectural arrangements of vernacular houses. Conservation architects have potential work to do in such areas.Originality/Value The study has been conducted and tested with a unique methodology adopted in Indi
A CASE STUDY ON GENERATIVE BUILDING SKIN FORMING BY EMPLOYING BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM) TOOLS
Get PDFPurpose This study aims to produce generative curtain wall geometries based on predetermined parameters such as storey information, shadow zones, preliminary building unit cost, frequency, etc. in a BIM platform for the preliminary design of a future project in Basmane and understand its novel outcomes and implications.Design/Methodology/Approach The methodology is construed over four successive phases, namely: the built environment modeling, analyses for a solid understanding of the study area, determination of the generative design criteria, and finally design solutions. In the initial phase, the case-study building in Basmane with the surrounding environment was digitally modeled for the following analyses. Several programs apart from BIM have been utilized for the daylight zones and wind simulations. The daylight areas affecting the surface of the studied building were marked schematically per the simulation data. Subsequently, the area of the curtain wall, material type, preliminary building unit cost (assembly/labor and material cost), the height of storey, the density of elements, and fixed shading devices parameters were tested via optimization thru generative design methodology and provide potential design solutions by utilization of BIM tools.Findings The findings of this study could be boiled down to a single comprehensive objective of generating outputs of assorted design solutions thru a generative design approach. When the output data set is visualized via parallel coordinate graphs, it could be well articulated that the classification of rule-based relationships and the criteria interrelations were based on the designer\u27s decisions.Research Limitations/Implications This study was examined on a case basis by an experimental approach. It shall be considered that the curtain wall construction encompasses diverse materials, connection details, and construction techniques that affect the final cost thus this research was conducted at the preliminary design stage and might not reflect actual costs.Social/Practical Implications Albeit the technical aspect of the curtain walls is not included in this case study, it helps generative design culture by demonstrating the extent of the opportunities it offers to designers in the preliminary design stage.Originality/Value This study is a show-case of a preliminary design for an actual building stock in the vicinity of Basmane focusing on the building envelope design process with multiple parameters and should be regarded as an opportunity to understand how innovative solutions alike are put forward for the use of designers