ICONARP - International Journal Of Architecture And Planning
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Identification of Planning Region with Deductive Approach: The Case of Trabzon-Vakfıkebir
Full text linkAll definitions of the region to date have lost their meaning with the 21st century understanding of the region and even the concept of region alone has become insufficient to define an area. This change has led to the development of new perspectives on the region in theoretical and practical regional science. Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to determine the plan region boundaries in the territorial context of Vakfıkebir district, one of the border settlements of Trabzon in Turkey, which was determined as a sample area. Boundary determination was made by prioritizing spatial proximity/juxtaposition and porosity principles in the region, which is considered as a territorial entity with the spatial integrity of local units juxtaposed with a deductive approach. Similarity discussions/studies were carried out in the context of all districts of Trabzon and Giresun provinces, ignoring the provincial administrative border between Trabzon and Giresun province, which is the border settlement with the closest districts to Vakfıkebir district. Within the scope of the data set compiled from relevant institutions/organizations in social, economic, political and spatial dimensions, the territorial/scale similar settlement classes of Vakfıkebir were determined through cluster analysis method. The results obtained were interpreted and Vakfıkebir\u27s primary and secondary "Broad Interactive Region" was defined. In this context, in order to contribute to the production of realistic and feasible regional development and development policies in regional planning practice, a context-oriented approach was envisaged in which the hierarchical, fixed structure of the region and the existence of vertical relations were revealed
Morphological Analysis of Tea Factories as Industrial Structures
Full text linkWith the establishment of the Republic and the momentum generated by the Industrial Revolution —the most significant cultural, economic, social, and physical transformation of the era—industrialization activities in Anatolia accelerated rapidly and played a decisive role in shaping cities and societies. As major industrial enterprises in the Eastern Black Sea Region, tea factories have persisted not only as products of industrialization but also as core components of the modernization program. Although initially located outside the urban core, these large, multifunctional buildings gradually became focal points of settlements and significantly influenced urban growth and development decisions. In addition to shaping urban morphology and skyline, tea factories contribute perceptually and semantically to collective memory by reflecting the history of the built environment, as well as economic, technological, and industrial development processes. The literature review indicates that, despite their economic and ideological significance during the Republican period, tea factories remain insufficiently represented in academic studies. In response to this gap, the study aims to systematically analyze the multidimensional morphological impacts of tea factories on the formation and transformation of settlement patterns in the Eastern Black Sea Region. The study area consists of nine factory settlements with reliable data, located along the coastal belt of Trabzon, Rize, and Artvin, where tea cultivation is most intensive. Within this framework, morphological analyses supported by conceptual maps and tables were conducted to examine figure–ground ratios, spatial boundaries, relational patterns, and the effects of factories on the urban silhouette. The findings demonstrate that tea factories, embedded in collective memory, function as tangible expressions of Republican ideology and play a significant role in shaping urban morphology, skyline, and the social, cultural, and economic life of their regions. The study is expected to contribute to efforts aimed at identifying, evaluating, and safeguarding the historical and social values of tea factories
Transitioning from Artichoke Fields to a Peri-Urban Settlement: The Role of İzmir Katip Çelebi University
Full text linkThe rapid urbanisation experienced in Türkiye since the mid-20th century has dramatically reshaped the urban landscape. This transformation has been particularly evident through the phenomenon of peri-urbanisation, a process marked by the expansion of urban spaces without cohesive spatial development planning at various government levels. A notable misalignment exists between the decisions made at higher levels of governance, such as the siting of new university campuses, and the master plans implemented at local levels. This disconnect often results in urban environments that are unbalanced and fail to meet their intended purposes.
The present research focuses on the Balatçık neighbourhood in the Çiğli District of İzmir, where İzmir Katip Çelebi University has been established. This area exemplifies the socio-spatial changes induced by the integration of significant educational infrastructure into its peri-urban context. Initially a peripheral settlement, Balatçık has evolved into a complex urban area that straddles the identities of both a residential community and a university town. This case study aims to dissect the spatial transformations prompted by this development, exploring how the neighbourhood’s composition, demographic characteristics, and housing market dynamics have been altered with the following research question, what key factors have influenced the spatial transformation of Balatçık Neighbourhood from a rural settlement to a peri-urban area, particularly in relation to the development of a new university campus?
Utilising a mixed-methods approach, the study integrates statistical analysis, document review, semi-structured interviews, and field observations. Quantitative data was obtained from open-access sources, while qualitative insights were gathered through interviews (n=21) with residents, business owners, real estate agents, and local administrators. Thematic coding was employed for analysing collected data, revealing key socio-spatial patterns. Employing both quantitative and qualitative data, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the impacts of policy misalignment on Balatçık. By investigating these changes, the research seeks to offer insights into the broader implications of urban planning decisions in Türkiye. The findings are intended to inform future urban development strategies, emphasizing the need for coordinated planning across different governmental levels to foster balanced and purposeful urban growth
Evaluating the Miyawaki Afforestation Technique in Urban Landscapes: Opportunities and Challenges
Full text linkUrban landscapes are increasingly dominated by impermeable surfaces, leading to significant ecological degradation, biodiversity loss, and urban heat island effects. The Miyawaki Afforestation Technique has gained attention as a potential solution for restoring urban green spaces by rapidly creating dense, biodiverse forests. This paper evaluates the potential and limitations of the Miyawaki method in the context of urban planning, with a focus on its ecological, social, and economic implications. While the method offers rapid forest establishment, increased biodiversity, and improved air quality, its applicability in varying climatic and urban conditions remains controversial. Issues such as land availability, maintenance intensity, and public perception of untamed green spaces present challenges for widespread adoption.
Additionally, the need for substantial soil preparation raises concerns regarding cost and feasibility in dense urban environments. This study critically examines these factors, proposing a balanced perspective on the Miyawaki method\u27s role in contemporary urban design. The findings suggest that while the technique holds promise for enhancing urban sustainability, its integration into planning policies requires careful consideration of spatial, financial, and social dynamics
Development of Energy Consumption Profiles of Common Household Appliances by Analyzing their Energy Consumption
Full text linkResidential energy consumption constitutes a major share of overall electricity demand, and inefficient use of household appliances, including hidden standby loads, which contributes to higher energy costs, wasted resources, and barriers to sustainable energy management. Addressing this requires accurate insights into how appliances consume energy in real-time, enabling more efficient strategies for household, utilities, and policymakers. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of residential energy consumption by monitoring the real-time energy usage of common household appliances. The primary goal was to develop detailed energy consumption profiles that could benefit both researchers and distribution companies. To achieve this, the energy consumption data of various household appliances were recorded over a period of one month with a high time resolution of one-second intervals, utilizing smart plugs for wireless energy measurement. A significant focus of the study was to understand the impact of standby power consumption on overall energy use and efficiency. By accurately measuring appliance-level energy consumption, the study was able to create detailed profiles, which were then used to predict the energy use for the following month. The predicted total monthly energy consumption was validated against actual energy bills provided by the state electricity board, demonstrating the reliability and accuracy of the predictions. The collected data from this study offers a valuable database for identifying and understanding energy consumption patterns of household appliances, which is essential for residential energy management research. Further, the findings emphasize the significance of real-time monitoring in crafting effective energy management strategies. Such strategies can lead to more sustainable energy use, benefiting both consumers and energy providers. On a broader scale, this method can support economic development by enhancing energy efficiency and reducing waste. The study underscores the potential of detailed, real-time energy monitoring to improve energy policy and household energy management, paving the way for more informed and sustainable energy practices.
A Dramatistic Pentad-Based Conceptual Model Proposal for the Perception of Architectural Space
Full text linkThe architectural object is a rhetorical experience producer that communicates with its user as a meaningful and multifaceted social construct. In this context, architecture should fundamentally be regarded as a matter of communication and discourse. In order to seek and ensure communication in architecture, it is essential to focus on language, and in order to talk about the existence of language, it is essential to focus on symbols, signs and indicators. Therefore, this study examines the perception of the architectural object at the intersection of rhetoric and architecture by associating Kenneth Burke\u27s discussions on symbols with the symbolic aspect of all buildings environments. The originality of the study lies in its interdisciplinary approach to Burke’s method of analysis, providing a systematic reading practice for architectural objects. The absence of any other research in the literature that adapts Burke’s pentads to different inputs of the architectural object highlights the novelty of the proposed conceptual model. The pentadic-based conceptual model developed within the study, along with its application to the Kolumba Museum, specifically interprets the architectural object through Burke’s dramatistic pentad -act, agent, scene, agency, and purpose- to facilitate the interpretation of the symbolic meanings embedded in the architectural object and to contribute to the formation of individual judgments. Thus, a neo-critical understanding that considers the entire network of relationships constituting the architectural object can be made possible. Furthermore, the study highlights the adaptability of Kenneth Burke’s dramatistic pentads for analyzing the multifaceted nature of architectural objects. By allowing flexible interpretations through different pentadic ratios, the proposed model provides a systematic framework that accommodates diverse perspectives. This approach enables researchers to explore the relationship between architecture and its symbolic meanings in a structured yet open-ended manner. Ultimately, the study contributes to architectural discourse by encouraging subjective readings that acknowledge the dynamic interaction between the built environment and its users
The Effect of Flat-Type and L-Type Checkout Counters on Customer’s Perceptual and Functional Evaluations
Full text linkThis study aims to determine the effects of physical environmental factors in markets, which are an integral part of daily life, on perceptual and functional evaluations of participants. In this study, it is thought that physical environmental factors in supermarkets where flat-type and L-type checkout counters are used may positively or negatively affect customers\u27 perceptual and functional evaluations. The research hypotheses focus on the correlations with the independent variables of checkout counter type, gender, and age. The Çağdaş Grocery Stores were selected as the research environment and an evaluation questionnaire on the environmental factors of the stores was applied to 200 customers who shopped at these stores. The questionnaire results show that the L-type checkout counter is found to be more aesthetic, inviting, organized, functional, and useful by customers compared to the flat-type counter. These results show that the design of the checkout counter plays a critical role in customer satisfaction and user experience. Therefore, it was concluded that the checkout counter type can be an important design criterion for improving the shopping experience in markets. This study undertaken emphasizes the critical role played for customer satisfaction and service quality in the retail sector area of operations and checkout counters and stresses the importance of design characteristics in this field. Enterprises can take steps to improve the shopping experience by revising their checkout counter preferences in accordance with the expectations and needs of customers
Parking Suitability and Site Selection Analysis Using GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Techniques: AHP, TOPSIS, and VIKOR – A Case Study of Pendik District (Istanbul)
Full text linkDemand for parking areas has increased with the growing population and increasing number of vehicles. Large cities are suffering from a lack of parking areas, which are one of the most significant parts of the modern urban transportation system and traffic management. Locating parking areas has become a major challenge for the urban transport planners, especially in the downtown of metropolises. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with geographic analysis tools can provide a scientific approach to determine optimum locations for parking areas. In this paper, the essential factors affecting parking site selection were considered and data sets concerning these factors were created by GIS analysis techniques. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a Multiple-Criteria-Decision-Analysis (MCDA) method was applied to derive weights of the selected parameters. To conduct parking demand analysis, the parking suitability map was produced by integrating the GIS with AHP. Then, suitable parking areas were determined in a zoning plan that was based on the highest suitability on the map. Other MCDA techniques including TOPSIS and VIKOR were examined and compared to determine the order of preferences among suitable parking areas. Similar to the traditional AHP method, the same results were obtained in the ranking of parking areas with the other methods. Using GIS with these MCDA techniques appears to be a usable approach for better resource allocation as well as parking site selection
Developing a Design Approach from Scenario to Space in Interior Architecture Education via the Scamper Method: Christy Brown Example
Full text linkThis study aims to investigate the role of empathy in the disciplines of cinema and interior architecture, with a particular emphasis on individuals with disabilities. The objective is to assess the potential benefits of this empathetic approach through the learning outcomes derived from a workshop study. Workshops are recognized as effective educational tools, as they facilitate a discussion and evaluation environment that transcends conventional standards of interior architecture education. The primary focus of this research is to cultivate empathy and human-centred thinking skills, specifically through the application of the Scamper method in interior architecture design. This study aspires to provide students with opportunities for abstract and creative thinking while fostering innovative design approaches that integrate various disciplines.
The Scamper method is a technique designed to encourage creative thinking and to foster diverse perspectives in the design process. The method encompasses nine key steps: Substitute, Combine, Adapt, Modify, Minify, Magnify, Put to Another Use, Eliminate, and Reverse. It is assumed that the Scamper method will prove effective in the field of interior architecture design education by promoting a problem-oriented approach, enhancing abstract thinking, and cultivating empathy skills, particularly in the context of inclusive design. The objective of this study is to introduce an innovative educational framework for interior architecture design that prioritizes empathy and human-centred design. This approach incorporates the Scamper method within the curriculum, adopts an interdisciplinary perspective, and emphasizes the development of inclusive design practices. Additionally, the study seeks to improve abstract thinking skills in design processes and to explore experimental educational methodologies. It is anticipated that such multidisciplinary strategies and pedagogical innovations will significantly enhance the future of interior architecture design education
The Role of Place Experience and Satisfaction in Revisit Intention at Trabzon\u27s Avni Aker Millet Bahçesi
Full text linkUrban open spaces create experience spaces for users with the physical and social features they offer. "Millet Bahçesi" is one of the places designed and implemented in recent years within the scope of open spaces. This research aims to investigate the effects of the environmental features of the Millet Bahçesi on place experience and place satisfaction, as well as revisit intention within the scope of open spaces. In this context, the environmental characteristics of "Trabzon Avni Aker Millet Bahçesi" were evaluated by post-use evaluation method with 211 users. Scales were applied to measure the effects of environmental features on place satisfaction and revisit Intention The research conducted correlation and regression analyses between socio-demographic characteristics, space use characteristics, environmental characteristics, place satisfaction and revisit intention. As a result of the study, when we examined the factors affecting the revisit intention, it was seen that only the factors "place satisfaction, sociability, uses and activities, revisit Intention" were included in the model. In this research, aims to focus only on the environmental characteristics of open spaces. In this regard, the newly implemented Millet Bahçesi, where the users have no previous experience, was chosen as the study area. Evaluations can also be made in open spaces where users have past experiences. It is very important to determine the factors that affect the sense of satisfaction as a result of the place experience in urban open spaces that play an important role in the city center, such as Trabzon Avni Aker National Garden. The importance of spatial designs and socialization opportunities that offer diversity in terms of uses and activity in particular on the sense of satisfaction is explained. Additionally, comparisons can be made by examining more than one Millet Bahçesi. These are among the limitations of the research. The results of this study, which focuses on urban open space environmental characteristics, are significant for city managers, designers and users. In particular, the factors affecting the revisit intention will contribute to the design process of newly designed open spaces