Taiwan Association of Engineering and Technology Innovation: E-Journals
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A New Parking-Space Detection System Using Prototyping Devices and Bluetooth Low Energy Communication
Get PDFParking in crowded city areas usually causes serious problems. Drivers spend an amount of time, effort, and fuel while finding someplace to park their vehicles. Although there are many solutions for free parking space indication; they are only suitable for parking lots inside the buildings, such as the shopping malls. However, there are not many solutions for exterior parking lots and for big cities as a whole. The purpose of this paper is to propose solutions to this problem, especially by considering issues like power consumption and communication approaches. A parking-space occupancy detection system is proposed, utilizing Bluetooth Low Energy communication and Arduino-based sensor devices. Raspberry Pi-based central devices redirect the collected data to the cloud-based database system, which makes them available for drivers to use mobile devices with Android systems. The selected components make the proposed system easily deployable and scalable
The Basic Study of Underwater Robot Control for Over Actuated Systems
Get PDFIn general, only six individual thrusters are required to perform 6 DOF (Degree Of Freedom) motion. Sometimes, however, more than six thrusters are used for 6 DOF motion for a variety of purposes. The over actuated systems can transit quickly from transient state caused by disturbance to steady state through the over actuated input. So in the underwater robot, the purpose of over actuated system is mainly used to maintain stable motion and position. And that systems are performed to obtain the optimal efficiency through the thruster force distribution. In this paper, we designed and fabrication the ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) for the basic study of over actuated underwater robot. It has 4 horizontal thrusters and 4 vertical thrusters. Using this system, we derived the thruster force distribution matrix for thruster allocation. Also, to check the kinetic characteristics of over actuated underwater robot before applying various controller, we performed the basic motion performance test and motion control test using the PD controller in the indoor engineering water basin
Half/Full Toroidal, Single/Double Roller, CVT Based Transmission for a Super-Turbo-Charger
Get PDFTurbocharging dramatically improves the power density of internal combustion engines. However, when the energy to turbine is either smaller or larger than what is needed by the compressor for a specific steady state or transient point, there are downfalls, such as turbo-lag, lack of boost, or wasted exhaust energy. Here we propose a super-turbo-charger, where the turbo-charger shaft is connected to the crankshaft through a continuously variable transmission (CVT) and gears’ pairs. Different designs are considered, half-toroidal and full-toroidal, single-roller or double-roller, single-CVT or two-CVT-in-series. Energy is drawn from the crankshaft or delivered to the crank-shaft to improve the steady or transient operation. In this paper, a six-cylinder, dual fuel diesel injection ignition engine is super-turbocharged. Engine performance simulations show the opportunity to achieve a nearly flat maximum torque all over the range of engine speeds and very high efficiencies from one fourth of the load up-wards
Hydrothermally Grown ZnO Nanoflowers on a Template-Assisted Ordered Seed Array
Get PDF1-D nanostructure arrays recently attract much attention because of their unique optical, structural, and electronic properties in the field of materials science, microelectronics, and optoelectronic engineering. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoflowers were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method on a template-assisted deposited ZnO seed array. The ZnO thin film was prepared via a sol-gel spin-coating process on a concave sapphire substrate first. Then an Al layer and an optically clear resin film were individually deposited on the ZnO thin film. After a lift-off process, a convex ZnO seed array film was formed. Finally, ZnO nanoflowers were synthesized by the hydrothermal method at 90oC for 10 to 60 min. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the ZnO nanoflowers were investigated. The XRD results indicate that the ZnO nanoflowers were polycrystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite-type structure with a (002) preferential orientation. The FE-SEM micrographs exhibited the diameter and length of ZnO nanorods increased with the increasing growth time from 10 to 60 min. The 105-nm diameter and 1150-nm length nanorods were obtained with 60-min growth time. Photoluminescence spectra showed a sharp emission peak (IUV) at approximately 380 nm and its intensity increased with the growth time. A weak emission band (IVIS) at 450–550 nm was also observed and the IUV/IVIS increased with the growth time. This result indicates that the defects were reduced and the crystal quality was enhanced with the growth time. The prepared ZnO nanoflowers can be applied to various optoelectronic and sensing devices
A Cloud Information Platform for 3D Printing Rehabilitation Devices
Get PDFDue to the problems of current population aging, occupational injuries and traffic accidents have led to an increasing number of elder people who are physically disabled in Taiwan. These persons, mostly seek medical treatment from medical institutions to help restore them to their premorbid level. Therefore the number of patients who go to medical institutions is gradually increasing and the splinting is largely applied in the medical cares. 3D printing technology has been widely used in the medical industry in recent years, especially in the development of rehabilitation devices. Up until now, to produce the customized splint requires either face to face communication or messaging software by relevant parties. Due to the complexity of the medical process, it is often time-consuming for occupational therapists to discuss the medical records with the splint design engineers via the above mentioned means. The other difficulty is that data management becomes a real problem. Medical communication and information management are thus the most urgent issues that need to be investigated. In this study, we applied the information technology and cloud-based technology to design a simple and user-friendly web-based interface for making 3D printing splint. This web-based interface utilizes cloud-based technology to provide an information platform for communication and co-management between the relevant stakeholders. The aim of this study is to make system management, retrieving patients’ information and browsing 3D graphics be more convenient for users, and thus to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of producing splints based on the proposed system
Vibration Analysis of Two-Directional Functionally Graded Sandwich Beams Using a Shear Deformable Finite Element Formulation
Get PDFFree and forced vibration analysis of two-directional functionally graded sandwich (2D-FGSW) beams using a shear deformable finite element formulation is presented. The beams considered in this paper consists of three layers, a homogeneous ceramic core, and two functionally graded skin layers. Material properties of the skin layers are supposed to vary in both the thickness and length directions by power gradation laws. Based on a refined shear deformation beam theory, in which the transverse displacement is split into bending and shear parts, a novel finite element formulation is derived and employed in the analysis. Natural frequencies and dynamic response to a harmonic load of the beams with various boundary conditions are computed, and the influence of the material distribution and the layer thickness ratio on the vibration characteristics of the beams is highlighted. Numerical results reveal that the variation of the material properties in the longitudinal direction has a significant influence on the vibration behavior of the beams, and FGSW beams can be designed to achieve desired vibration characteristics by appropriate selection of material grading indexes
The Strategy of Energy Saving for Smart Shipping
Get PDFThis paper presents a real record and analysis to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and fuel consumption using the energy efficiency operational index (EEOI) for practical ships. With giant commercial tankers constantly launching into the sea, emission increase with the tonnage is unavoidable. More weight means more pollution. In the experiment, big data of Internet of Things (IoT) were collected to analyze the sailing conditions for over six months through global satellite communications while the ship sailed across the ocean. The results showed that deep draft results in a better performance than shallow draft; that is, the ship carries more cargo but consumes less fuel oil, as opposed to the traditional concept. Among the parameters, the draft and cargo mass interacts with the index to identify the fuel consumption at a constant speed; A draft between 11.5 m and 12 m was found to be optimum for this type of container ship. The EEOI is a metric tool to illustrate the variation of fuel consumption and an effective management strategy to reduce the CO2 emission quantity. Moreover, a constructive model using IoT technology and an energy efficiency management strategy presents an accurate big data basis to guide decision making on the vessel
Numerical Analysis of an Industrial-Scale Steam Methane Reformer
Get PDFA steam reformer of a hydrogen plant is a device that supplies heat to convert the natural gas or liquid petroleum gas into hydrogen via catalysis. It has been often used in the petrochemical industry to produce hydrogen. Control of the catalyst tube temperature is a fundamental demand of the reformer design because the tube temperature must be maintained within a range that the tube has minor damage and the catalysts have a high activity to convert the natural gas or liquid petroleum gas into hydrogen. In this research, the effect of the burner on/off manners on the catalyst tube temperature and the hydrogen yield of an industrial-scale side-fired steam methane reformer is investigated. The aim is to seek a feasible burner on/off manner that has acceptable catalyst tube temperature and hydrogen yield, so as to improve the performance and service life of a steam methane reformer. It is found that when one group of burners is turned off, the outer surface temperatures of the tubes are decreased by about 94°C in average, the inner surface temperatures are decreased by about 54°C in average, and the hydrogen yields are decreased by about 4%. When two groups of burners are turned off, the outer surface temperatures of the tubes are decreased by about 175°C in average, the inner surface temperatures are decreased by about 106°C in average, and the hydrogen yields are decreased by about 7.9%. When three groups of burners are turned off, the outer surface temperatures of the tubes are decreased by about 251°C in average, the inner surface temperatures are decreased by about 151°C in average, and the hydrogen yields are decreased by about 11.4%. The catalyst tube temperatures and the hydrogen yields reduce to a greater extent in regions where burners are turned off. When the central groups of burners are turned off, the tube temperatures and the hydrogen yields have greater reductions. On the other hand, when the rear groups of burners are turned off, the tube temperatures and the hydrogen yields have lower reductions
Review on Growth and Characterization of Nonlinear Optical Organometallic Thiocyanate Crystals
Get PDFCombinations of an inorganic distorted polyhedron with asymmetric conjugate organic molecules yield the organometallic compounds. Among them, organic thiocyanate crystals have attracted a great deal of attention for nonlinear optical device applications. The bimetallic thiocyanates of the type AB(SCN)4 for example, ZnCd(SCN)4, ZnHg(SCN)4, MnHg(SCN)4, and CdHg(SCN)4 are extremely interesting for optoelectronic applications. This article highlights present knowledge on growth parameters, physicochemical properties and nonlinear optical properties of several organometallic thiocyanate crystals. The chemical property and physical stability of these materials are compared, and the best results based on the review were reported. Information about the parameters, which are necessary for crystal growth has been summarized
Optimization of Flyash and Metakaolin Content in Mineral Based CFRP Retrofit for Improved Sustainability
Get PDFThe significance of rehabilitating deteriorated concrete structures subjected to inflated traffic volume, unprecedented live loads, structural ageing and other environmental impacts has been garnering attention in the recent years. Amidst a few conventional retrofit techniques, the application of externally bonded Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) remains contemporary. It is a noteworthy reformation technique because of its durability, augmented mechanical performance and long-term cost-effectiveness. Epoxy resin is classified as a hazardous polymer (as per Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals – GHS) and it has been the most sought bonding fix for several FRP retrofit approaches. Scientific and literature evidence demonstrate the health and environmental impacts concerned with the use of this noxious resin. The primary objective of this project is to optimize the mix proportion of a recently developed Mineral Based Composite (MBC) bonder by inducing varying amounts of industrial by-products such as fly ash and metakaolin. It was observed that a certain degree of this replacement resulted in achieving a higher degree of sustainability as the event-grade bonder could potentially eliminate the use of epoxy in FRP reformation. Experimental investigation as per Australian Standards AS 1012.1:2014 established the relation between brittle epoxy failure and thus rendering the up surged bonding capacity of MBC in extreme conditions proving as the desired substitute for epoxy resin. The investigative results obtained portray a suitable base for evaluating the optimal mix design proportion of the mineral composite bonder