Taiwan Association of Engineering and Technology Innovation: E-Journals
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Performance Evaluation for Stacked-Layer Data Bus Based on Isolated Unit-Size Repeater Insertion
Get PDFThe data bus of a stacked-layer chip always supports that data of a program are frequently running on the bus at different timing periods. The average data access time of a data bus to the timing periods dominates the program performance. In this paper, we proposed an evaluated approach to reconstruct a 3D data bus with inserted unit-size repeaters to motivate that the average data access time of the bus on a complete timing period can speed up at least 10%. The approach is trying to insert a number of unit-size repeaters into bus wires along the path of a source-sink pair for isolating extra capacitive loadings at each timing period to reduce their access time. The above process is repeated until no any improvement for each access time. Each inserted repeater with just one unit size due to the limited space of a chip area and the minor reconstruction of a data bus in practical. The approach has the advantages of uniform repeater insertion, less extra area occupation, and simplified time-to-space tradeoff. Experimental results show that our approach has the rapid capable evaluation for a stacked-layer data bus within one millisecond and the saving in average access time is up to 50.81% with the inserted repeater sizes of 70 on average
Deterioration Estimation of Reinforced Concrete Building Structures Using Material Testing Data Base
Get PDFThis study aims to investigate the material factors that affect the degree of deterioration of reinforced concrete structures and develop an integrating evaluation model. Also, the durability indices were generated using the analytic hierarchy process for the overall durability assessment of structures, which corresponded to the durability grades referred as the maintenance, reinforcement, or demolishment. The status of concrete includes compressive strength, resistance coefficient, concrete cracks, honeycomb and spalling. And the reinforcement status includes corrosion potential, corrosion current, chloride ion content, neutralization depth and protective layer thickness. Durability indicators were determined through the findings on the structural inspection process of reinforced concrete structures and the evaluation methods related to materials testing and industry standards. Case studies were also presented to illustrate the methodology of the assessment system. The durability methodology can be summarized as the comprehensive evaluation methods considering the earthquake potential factors, structural factors, environmental factors, and material deterioration factors
Improvement of Soft Marine Clay with Laterally Reinforced Silica-Manganese Slag Stone Column
Get PDFAmong all the techniques available for ground improvement, stone columns are the most preferred elements used for supporting a wide variety of flexible structures such as road, railway embankments, and oil storage tanks. In this study, several laboratory tests have been conducted to improve the soft marine clay with end bearing stone columns by using Silica-Manganese slag as stone column material. Further, these stone columns were reinforced with circular geotextile discs by placing them laterally within the column. The improvement in load carrying capacity was studied and compared to the clay bed and unreinforced i.e. plain stone column. Circular geotextile discs of two different spacings (D and D/2, where “D” is the diameter of the stone column) with varied reinforcement depths, such as D, 2D, 3D and 4D, were tried. It was found that the soil reinforced with a spacing of D/2 to the embedment length of 3D shows better performance than a spacing of D. It was also observed that the bulging diameter was reduced by incorporation of the geotextile reinforcement and found below the reinforcement
Advanced Properties of Continuously Graded Pervious Concrete for Rigid Pavement Base Layer
Get PDFAccording to previous studies, a pervious concrete using continuously graded aggregate gives a better strength and approaches the condition of aggregate gradation on the field. The aim of this research is to study a pervious concrete mix-design for Indonesian Specification input category using continuously graded pervious concrete as an alternative rigid pavement base layer. Some advanced properties are applied to represent the required criteria for pavement base layer, i.e. elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, flexural strength, horizontal permeability, heterogeneity level, and dynamic elastic modulus. It is found that the pervious concrete with continuously graded tends to be more physically elastic when compared to normal concrete and has a better endurance against elastic deformation rather than normal concrete. Its static elastic modulus has a better relationship with horizontal permeability than flexural strength. Overall, five mix-designs have been successfully met the advanced properties criteria for rigid pavement base layer required by the Specification
Performance of Steel-Concrete Shear Walls with Two-Sided Reinforced Concrete
Get PDFThis paper deals with the performance of Steel-Concrete Shear Walls (SCSWs) which have reinforced concrete on both sides of the steel plate subjected to cyclic loads. Finite element software ABAQUS is applied to analyze the SCSWs. Accuracy of the finite element modeling is verified by comparison of the theoretical results with those obtained experimentally. Then, various variables are studied in order to evaluate their effects on the performance of the SCSWs. These variables include thickness of concrete, steel plate thickness, number of bolts, gap size between reinforced concrete and steel frame, the percentage of reinforcement in reinforced concrete, and beam and column profiles of the steel frame. It is concluded that the change of the variables influences the ultimate load capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation of the SCSWs. Moreover, buckling of the walls is discussed
Prestressed Stainless Steel Stayed Columns with Two Crossarms
Get PDFThe efficiency of prestressed stayed elements when designing very slender steel columns was proved for both stability and strength capacity of the columns. With an increasing number of crossarms placed along the length of the column the effectiveness is further growing in comparison to a stayed column with just one crossarm. First the stability of an “ideal” (perfect) prestressed stayed column with two crossarms is investigated analytically. Similar principal behavior as in the case of prestressed stayed columns with just one crossarm is confirmed and the three zones depending on the value of prestressing are revealed. Expressions for minimal, optimal and maximal prestress are derived analytically. After receiving critical buckling value of the stayed column with the two crossarms without any prestressing by linear buckling analysis (LBA), the maximal critical buckling loading of the column under optimal prestressing is derived. The results are fully demonstrated on a practical example. Second the strength capacity of such column but with relevant initial deflections is investigated by the geometrically and materially nonlinear analysis with imperfections (GMNIA) using ANSYS software. Comparisons of critical and strength values under various prestressing are analyzed with respect to a practical design. Finally some recommendations for following studies and practical use are given
An Intelligent Optimization System of Micro Electroforming Process for the Mesh Filter
Get PDFThis research integrates the Taguchi method, analysis of variables (ANOVA), back-propagation neural networks (BPNN), and hybrid PSO-GA to develop an intelligent optimization system of micro electroforming process for the mesh filter. From the outset of discussions with engineers in terms of past related literature survey of the micro electroforming process, the quality characteristics of product and control variables can be well ascertained, then transforming the problem of multiple quality characteristics into a single quality characteristic via the Taguchi method and ANOVA. However, the optimal parameter settings (solution) through the Taguchi experimental planning is still belong to a discrete optimal solution which is impossible to meet the process stability and quality goals. Therefore, this study first identifies the initial weight of BPNN，using hybrid PSO-GA with multilayer perceptron (MLP)，in order to improve training efficiency and precision of BPNN. Furthermore, the study constructs the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios (BPNNS/N) and quality predictors (BPNNQ) based on hybrid PSO-GA and BPNN with the experimental data. The optimal parameter settings are obtained through a combination of BPNNS/N and BPNNQ with modified PSO-GA. Finally, confirmation experiments are performed to assess the effectiveness of the proposed system. The results show that the proposed system can create the best performance, and the optimal parameters not only enhance the stability in the micro electro forming process but also effectively improve the product quality
Remote Monitoring for the Operation Status of CNC Machine Tools Based on HTML5
Get PDFIn order to improve the accuracy of remote monitoring of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools and reduce the difficulty of monitoring; a remote monitoring method for CNC machine tools based on HTML5 is proposed in this paper. The core idea of this method is to record external sensor information and internal working condition information in the same time, and then visualize the information in multiple directions. Monitoring accuracy is improved through the combined use of internal and external information. In response to the difficult problem of traditional method monitoring; the internal working condition information, external sensor information, 3D model and multimedia information of CNC machine tools are jointly visualized. The 3D model synchronous motion is driven by real-time working condition data. Remote low-latency multimedia information transmission is implemented by using cloud live broadcast technology
An Empirical Study of Consumer Adoption of Internet of Things Services
Get PDFInternet of things (IoT) is considered as a next-generation digital revolution to connect things with an embedded system to the Internet, which will lead to dramatic changes in our lives. The purpose of this paper is to identify the antecedents of consumers’ attitudes toward IoT, and test their influences on the attitudes and behaviors of consumers. To reach the research goal, this paper develops and tests factors determining user acceptance of IoT services by using an extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model, which includes a factor of the hindering condition. Based on the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis of 224 survey responses, the result shows that performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition, and hindering condition have a strong effect on behavioral intention to use IoT services, but effort expectancy does not support the relationship with behavioral intention
Maximizing Power Loss Reduction in Radial Distribution Systems by Using Modified Gray Wolf Optimization
Get PDFThis paper presents an optimal Distribution Network Reconfiguration (DNR) framework and solution procedure that employ a novel modified Gray Wolf Optimization (mGWO) algorithm to maximize the power loss reduction in a Distribution System (DS). Distributed Generation (DG) is integrated optimally in the DS to maximize the power loss reduction. DNR is an optimization problem that involves a nonlinear and multimodal function optimized under practical constraints. The mGWO algorithm is employed for ascertaining the optimal switching position when reconfiguring the DS to facilitate the maximum power loss reduction. The position of the gray wolf is updated exponentially from a high value to zero in the search vicinity, providing the perfect balance between intensification and diversification to ascertain the fittest function and exhibiting rapid and steady convergence. The proposed method appears to be a promising optimization tool for electrical utility companies, thereby modifying their operating DS strategy under steady-state conditions. It provides a solution for integrating more DG optimally in the existing distribution network. In this study, IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus DSs are analyzed for maximizing the power loss reduction through reconfiguration, and the integration of DG is exercised in the 33-bus test system alone. The simulation results are examined and compared with those of several recent methods. The numerical results reveal that mGWO outperforms other contestant algorithms