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The Ecological Variables That Impact Land Snail Abundance and Diversity
No full textiii, 10p.In this literature review, I explore the ecological variables that impact land snail abundance and diversity in hopes that this consolidated information can be used to improve the understanding of land snails and how to better conserve them. With hundreds of land snail species going extinct in the last century, preserving these animals has never been more important. In reviewing literature, I have found that different land snail species exhibit preference for different habitat types. Within their habitats, land snail communities are impacted by variables such as moisture, litter, disturbance, soil calcium content, and soil pH. Additionally, the quality of the habitat is an important indicator of the abundance of land snails due to their positive correlation. Finally, land snails have proven themselves to be very resilient creatures given the time and opportunity to heal after disturbance. This knowledge sparks the hope that reviving harmed habitats to the optimal land snail conditions could result in thriving land snail communities. The next steps in protecting these amazing creatures are continuing to study their preferences and utilizing this accumulation of knowledge to shape their conservation
The Interplay of Politics and Urban Theory in the Creation of the Madrid Metro System
No full text40 p.In this paper I will outline the additions to the Madrid metro system, starting with the planning of the first line in 1919 and finishing in the early 1990's. Simultaneously, I will analyze how the changes in urban theory and Spanish politics informed the evolving metro plans over that time period. It would be impossible to talk about how these changes in the planning of the metro occurred without also examining the unique political realities that governed these changes at each point in time. General Francisco Franco seized dictatorial control of Spain in 1939, just three years after the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. Years into Franco's rule and leading up to his death, his policies shifted to be more economically progressive in the face of widespread poverty and unemployment. His economic policies started allowing for capitalist ventures and international business cooperation, leading the country to slowly recover from their economically stunted growth. Most influentially, Franco died in 1975. This led to dramatic changes in the urban planning goals of the nation over the next decades. All of these events affected whose ideas would matter in the planning of the city and the metro system, shifting from engineers appointed by King Alfonso XIII to the hands of ambitious autocratic planners under Franco who ignored the metro system altogether, to local political leaders after 1975. I intend to analyze the changes in the Madrid metro system through the lenses of Spanish political circumstances and changing ideas about European urban planning. Early on, the goals of the metro included being able to plan for expansion and serving wealthy citizens. Linear train lines from a central nucleus meant the possibility for endless expansion and social stratification, as dictated by popular city planning ideas. As industrialization and population growth slowed throughout the twentieth century, the goal became connecting neighborhoods, straying away from ideas of expansion. The focus of planners on improving the metro in the late 1970's and 1980's also signified a shift away from dictatorial urban planning with the addition of functional, circular lines that served the needs of all citizens, including neighborhoods in Southern Madrid that had been historically ignored. Concurrently, as city officials worked to decentralize the commercial areas of the city, the goals of the metro system shifted from simply bringing people to the center of Madrid to shuttling people around the various different commercial centers that grew in different areas of the city as a result of the changing political climate in Spain as well as changing ideas about urban planning
Optimal Housing : A Policy Analysis towards the Singaporean Housing Market
Get PDFvii, 20 p.Housing is considered a basic human right worldwide, regardless, housing markets worldwide have experienced rapid fluctuations in prices and availability ever since the 2008 financial crisis. We are much interested in the economies of the South East Asia region which are much resistant to these global economic fluctuations, most notably the country of Singapore. The city-state is known considerably for the highest economic freedom in 2023, as well as a strategic geographical location in the Southeast Asia-Pacific region. Regardless, Singapore faces a housing crisis, as the population is growing by 5% from 2022, yet the domestic accommodation market faces challenges to meet demands. We will evaluate the optimal domestic policy limit that is effective toward the overall welfare of the Singaporean housing market. The literature review will examine the Singaporean housing market in general. Next, we will propose a theoretical framework for the possible housing policies proposed by the government inside the country. The last section will conclude and determine the evaluations we have received from our study
Self-Advocacy : The Key to Academic and Self-Realization
No full text8 p.This paper will follow the work I have completed throughout my business internship working with LandSea and Outdoor Programs at Kalamazoo College. It will demonstrate how I used my experience in self-advocacy and knowledge derived from my courses at K to rebrand the LandSea program. I accomplished this by creating an anniversary book and adding new sections to the LandSea website. The paper will also reflect on how the skills I gained while doing this project are transferable to a future career
Episodic Cache : DIY Stop Motion Animation
No full text14 p.This Senior Individualized Project (SIP) narrative document contains an explanation of the artistic procedures of the artist, Ella Faris, during the process of making a stop motion animation with filmed and photographed components. A significant part of the project was self-teaching of digital animation by the artist, without prior experience to reflect aspects of DIY culture. Ella explored a few different methods of stop motion animation in their project. Conceptually, the work symbolizes the artist’s personal experience with memory and trauma processing, with an emphasis on nostalgia. The process of self-teaching was incredibly valuable to the artist, as they continue to practice and learn digital art after their time at Kalamazoo College
Synthesis of 2,6-(diquinoline-8-yl)pyridine for Mn(II) Photoactive Complexes
No full textviii, 29 p.Transition metal complexes with charge-separated excited states show many attractive properties that make them useful in various applications such as solar energy conversion, molecular wires, and photoredox catalysis. This has been observed in complexes of 2nd and 3rd row transition metals, and the most commonly used are d6 transition metals including Ir(III), Ru(II), and Re(I). These metals, however, are not practical for large scale applications due to their scarcity and high prices. Manganese, a first-row transition metal, is an attractive alternative due to its abundance and low toxicity. The most stable oxidation state of manganese, Mn(II), has the potential to yield bench-stable compounds that can be studied without the need for strictly controlled conditions. In this research, we selected and synthesized the ligand 2,6-(diquinoline-8- yl)pyridine (dqp) and attempted the synthesis of [Mn(dqp)]2+. Using a previously reported synthetic pathway, dqp was successfully prepared and its electronic absorption spectrum was obtained. However, the attempts toward coordination and crystallization of [Mn(dqp)]2+ yielded the protonated dqp. As a result, further research will continue to focus on the coordination of dqp to Mn(II) to facilitate the study of its electronics and the comparison with Mn(II) complexes of other varying ligands. By characterizing and studying their photophysical properties, we can better understand the influence of tridentate polypyridyl ligands on the behavior of Mn(II) complexes
Now that I am Wiser…I Know the Earth Loves Me Back Love Letters to Persons from Environmental Anthropologists
No full text49 p.In Thich Nhat Hanh's “Ten Love Letters to the Earth”, he paints an intimate portrayal of the power of Mother Earth and the deep and intimate connection he sees between humans and the natural world. Using his model and the Eco philosophies of scholars like Vandana Shiva, Robin Wall Kimmerer, Adrienne Maree Brown, Sinith Sittirak, Winona LaDuke, Leanne Betasamosake Simpson, and many more I seek to write my own love letters to the Earth and the people have taught me how to love it. In the 2021/2022 school year, I had the privilege of studying abroad in Chiang Mai, Thailand where I met Otome Klein-Hutheesing and Mimi Saeju. During the month I spent interning and working with them at the Lisu Cultural Heritage Center, I learned about what it means to use environmental anthropology as an embodied act of love. In this essay, I have included three love letters, one to Otome, one to Mimi, and one to myself. Through these letters, I hope to express the power of respect, intentionality, and reciprocity in our relationships with the Earth, ourselves, and each other
An Evaluation of the Efficacy and Accessibility of Psychopharmacological and Psychotherapeutic Treatments for Anxiety
No full textii, 21p.Anxiety disorders (AD) are one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders. Much of primary care and emergency service work is to attenuate the symptoms and provide long-term care for patients presenting with AD. Currently, the first-line treatments include antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and psychotherapy. These interventions have been researched for decades and proven to be efficacious, but also pose limitations to patient well-being and accessibility. As the field of AD research expands, many historical treatments have been revisited as well as new treatments being created. The efficacy and prevalence of psychotherapy and psychopharmacological treatments should be reassessed and compared to less-intrusive and accessible interventions to improve the options for treating AD
Data Science’s Impact on Finance Now and Into the Future
No full textvi, 39 p.I chose a Finance Data Science internship because it utilized both business and computer science on a daily basis, along with answering the question of how data science, computer science, and technology are effective in a finance field. The interview process was very rigorous, but once through it, one will gain an opportunity of a lifetime. With the opportunity, it is important to make the most of it, which might include doing independent studies. Though there may be many learning curves at Stryker, an intern in finance data science is able to work on meaningful projects such as the Predictive Revenue Model, process and pipeline management, and case-challenges
Educating Emergent Bilinguals : A Revision and Reimagination of Educational Approaches in Kalamazoo Public Schools
No full textvi, 57 p.Throughout this paper, I focus on the educational approaches taken to educate emergent bilingual students in Kalamazoo Public Schools, an urban school district in Kalamazoo, Michigan. I first inspect the historical attitudes towards bilingualism in the United States that have influenced the educational approaches implemented, both past and present. These approaches include complete language immersion, dual-immersion programs, ESL services and transitional programs. I next offer a reimagination of these approaches within this district, based on the changing social and ideological beliefs of what it means to be bilingual today and on what continues to be theorized by academics and educators alike. I attempt to utilize student, parent, and faculty interviews to allow for contextualization of engagement with these varying educational approaches. Ultimately, in this reimagination of educating emergent bilinguals, I consider the possibilities of translanguaging methods, emphasizing intentionality within dual immersion programs, and the encouragement of intellectualizing native-language learning within the classroom in a way that is both challenging and rewarding