Scientific Annals of "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi
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L’influence de la migration internationale sur la natalite en Roumanie contemporaine
Get PDFoai:ojs.85.122.19.241:article/56Studiul de faţă propune o analiză preliminară a raporturilor dintre componentele migraţiei internaţionale şi dinamica populaţiei din România contemporană. Un prim aspect tratat este acela al efectelor induse de migraţia internaţională asupra evoluţiei indicatorilor esenţiali ai fertilităţii populaţiei. Concluziile converg spre existenţa unei corelaţii puternice, cu nuanţe regionale evidente dar care în esenţă impun o politică mai fermă în direcţia prevenţiei unor fenomene derivate extrem de grave dintre care abandonarea copiilor poate avea efecte pe termen lung
MIGRATION THEORIES AND ZIMBABWEAN MIGRANT TEACHERS AS REFLECTED IN A SOUTH AFRICAN CASE STUDY
Get PDFNeo-classical and neo-Marxist theories oppose each other in terms of explaining motivation for migration and its development impact. Neo-classical theories posit that migration occurs because of economic considerations: higher incomes and economic gain. Neo-Marxist theories emphasize that migration occurs because of unequal and structural levels of development between developed and developing countries, regions or areas. In sub-Saharan Africa, South Africa is relatively economically developed compared to other countries in the region and, according to neo-Marxist philosophy, exploits the labour from other poorer countries. In this case study, the focus is on migrant teachers from Zimbabwe. According to neo-Marxist- theories, migrants exist in an exploitative relationship with their host regions and/or countries. Apart from neo-classical and neo-Marxist theories, pluralist theories have evolved from these distinctive schools of thought that emphasize that migration is the result of a conscious family decision aimed at diversifying their resource base when faced with crises and/or scarcity, asserting that migration does indeed bring about development. This paper contends that neo-classical theories do apply to the case of Zimbabwean migrant teachers because they satisfactorily explain why these teachers came to South Africa, whereas neo-Marxist theories have limited relevance. Pluralist theories, however, through their emphasis on remittances, add meaning to people’s motivations for, and the consequent impact of development related to this particular aspect of migration
Quantifier la sécheresse. Durée, intensité, fréquence
Get PDFDrought quantification: duration, intensity, frequency. Using data from seven meteorological stations and 27 rainfall gauges from the eastern part of Romania (Tutova Hills), the present paper desires to evidence more clearly the real significance of drought phenomena by a methodological approach. This was done with the help of some distinct expressions, resulted from the processing of monthly and daily values of the climatic parameters: rainfall decimal logarithm index, equivalent drought and the synthetic index of drought intensity, rainfall anomaly index, Palfai aridity index, Walter-Lieth climogram. Using the rainfall monthly values, the author propose two index, one for drought assessment (Rainfall Decimal Logarithm Index), the other with a climatic significance (continentalism index). The most exact expression is based on the daily values of the rainfalls (equivalent drought and synthetic index of drought intensity). Equivalent drought shows the length of the interval lacking precipitations, characterized by similar consequences in different temperature conditions, and it was computed by reporting water consumption (evapotranspiration) according to a series of elements standard considered. The synthetic index of drought intensity (severity) has been proposed taking into consideration both the length of the drought interval as well as its mean temperature (practically expressing water consumption), to which is added and the sum of precipitations from a previous interval (to approximate the easily and directly accessible crop water reserves)
La fonction de la carte geographique: approche epistemologique ternaire
Get PDFThe function of the geographic map: a ternary epistemological approach. Under the referential of a ternary logic, with the two orthogonal concepts of information/signification, mediated by the third-included, the diagonal organizer of the cartographic communication, this article aims to cladify the pragmatical aspects of the map functionnality as a communication object. The interaction beween the meaning of its information and the information reciprocally contained in its signification, within a specified context and pertinence, implies a strong level of redundancy shared by producers and users of the map, a same system of scientific and ideological values to pass on the cartographic message. We are far from the objective cartographer who would fade away so to let the facts speaks “objectively” by themselves
SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF BELARUSIAN CITIES IN THE POST-SOVIET PERIOD
Get PDFThe article presents a complex analysis of the demographic situation in Belarusian cities in the post-Soviet period – 1989-2010. On the basis of factors which generate demographic situation in Belarusian cities spatial regularities of dynamics of birth rate processes, death rate, character of urban population natural movement, and trends of cities’ demographic development in view of cities classes by population size have been established. Areas with positive and negative dynamics, natural decrease and increase of urban population have been scientifically grounded and determined. Types of Belarusian cities by the nature of formation of demographic balance which have been worked out by the author have been represented
Accessibilite et repulsion de l’espace rural au nord-est de la Roumanie
Get PDFAccessibilty and repulsiveness in the rural space of the North-East of Romania: This study is a continuation of some former preoccupations (Muntele, 2000; Muntele, Istrate, 2000, Groza, Muntele, 2004, Muntele, 2004) which had as aim to identify and make some adaptations for the explanatory models concerning the north-eastern Romanian territory’s accessibility. It was necessary to correlate the results with the space repulsiveness indicators (demographic attractiveness, population general density etc.) in order to get thoroughly into some antagonistic process like: depopulation/axial or suburban concentration; urbanization/rural abandonment etc. The analyses made on the large temporal sequences strongly suggest the dependency relation between the accessibility and the repulsiveness of the rural spaces. The observed exceptions have some historical, political, cultural and socio-economical explanations. În this way can be more accurately be explained the marginalisation secular process of some geographical areas in this side of the country, according to the classical core-periphery model
APPLICATION OF THE METHOD GALDIT FOR THE CARTOGRAPHY OF GROUNDWATERS VULNERABILITY: AQUIFER OF CHAOUIA COAST (MOROCCO)
Get PDFThis study focuses on the application of the new method, GALDIT, for the cartography of aquifer vulnerability due to seawater intrusion in the area of Chaouia coast (Morocco) which is characterized by intense agricultural activity and low depth of the groundwater. The method was developed by Chachadi and Lobo-Ferreira in 2001 after that modified in 2005 and is specific for coastal aquifers. The computing of the GALDIT index (GI) is based on six parameters: Groundwater occurrence (aquifer type); Aquifer hydraulic conductivity; Depth to groundwater level above the sea; Distance from the shore (distance inland perpendicular from shoreline); Impact of existing status of seawater intrusion in the area; and Thickness of the aquifer. This GALDIT is the indicator scores and summing them and dividing by the total weight for determining the relative role of each one. The results of this study show a vulnerability of the aquifer to the seawater intrusion with a high risk in the fringe littoral areas and areas in proximity to the estuary of Oum Er-Rbia River and can reach 3 km towards land.
La dynamique du niveau phréatique dans le bassin de Tutova et les risques associés
Get PDFDynamics of groundwater in Tutova basin and the associated risks. Using a consistent database from meteorological stations, as well as hydrologic wells from the eastern part of Romania, this paper approaches the proposed subject by departing from a general analysis and focusing on Tutova basin, so as to allow a series of observations of a large validity span. After presenting the typology of the phreatic aquifers from the area, the paper presents concrete aspects regarding their dynamics and the associated risks, in an approach funded of rigorous statistical calculations: correlations between the climatic parameters and the level oscillations of the phreatic aquifers, differentiated analysis of the correlations, the gaps between the regime of the climatic elements and that of the phreatic level oscillations according to their depth, the dependence of the variation amplitude of the phreatic level on its depth, and also associated risks (hydrologic drought, humidity excess)
INSPIRE METADATA EDITORS
Get PDFINSPIRE is the European Spatial Data Infrastructure (ESDI) standard based on the ISO 19100 geodata standards. INSPIRE was published 2007 and expected to be implemented till 2019. An important part of the standard is related to the metadata record which contains the characteristic parameters of a geodata set in standardized XML form. Several editor programs were developed to support metadata editing. We investigated three software packages representing different category of metadata editors, namely the stand alone CatMDEdit, MetaD and the server based GeoNetwork programs. The programs were qualified according to their versatility, the ease of their setup process, configuration and use, the knowledge what they demanded from the user, the help what they provide to the user. The editors were applied to the same hydrologic data set to prepare the metadata file corresponding to the INSPIRE profile in the investigation. The CatMDEdit was found the best almost from every respect except the versatility in which the GeoNetwork package was the first with its multi-user, Internet related searching and disseminating capabilities. Therefore the CatMDEdit is proposed for small or medium size institutions and the GeoNetwork for large organizations.