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Volatile Fatty Acid Production from Chicken Manure under Acidic and Alkaline Anaerobic Fermentation: Ammonia Inhibition and Microbial Mechanisms
Full text linkThis study investigated the effect of initial pH on volatile fatty acid (VFAs) production during anaerobic fermentation of chicken manure and further elucidated the mechanisms of ammonia inhibition and microbial community dynamics. The results showed that weakly acidic to neutral conditions (pH=5 and 7) were most favorable for VFA accumulation, reaching a maximum of 16264.2 mg COD/L, while strongly acidic (pH=3) or strongly alkaline (pH=11) conditions inhibited VFA production. Under optimal pH conditions, the activation of acidogenic bacteria and the inhibition of methanogens by high ammonia nitrogen concentrations promoted VFA accumulation. Microbial community analysis revealed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the dominant phyla, with Romboutsia and Lactobacillus identified as key genera under acidic conditions, while Bacillus and Bacteroides played crucial roles under neutral conditions. Metagenomic prediction further indicated that carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism were the dominant metabolic pathways, with key functional enzymes including pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase [EC:1.2.7.3], acetyl-CoA carboxylase [EC:6.4.1.2], and phosphoglycerate mutase [EC:5.4.2.12]. This study elucidates the pH-dependent mechanisms of VFA production and identifies the key microbial taxa and enzymatic processes that regulate acidogenic fermentation
Debt Governance Spillovers: How Local Government Financing affects Enterprise Green Transformation
Full text linkThis study conducts quasi-natural experiment based on local government debt governance launched in China in 2015. Employing a progressive difference-in-differences (DID) approach, this study matches data from Chinese-listed enterprises from 2010 to 2019 to evaluate the effect of the local government debt governance on enterprise green transformation. Findings indicate that debt governance significantly promotes the green transformation of enterprises. This conclusion remains robust after multiple robustness tests. Mechanism analysis reveals that debt governance enables the green transformation of enterprises by alleviating overcapacity. Heterogeneity analysis shows that debt governance significantly promotes the green transformation of enterprises in cities with advanced industrial structures, environmental priorities, non-resource-based economies, and among non-state-owned and technology-intensive enterprises. This study offers valuable insights for countries managing public debt while promoting green transformation among enterprises
Teaching Reform and Practice Research of Transportation English Course in Higher Vocational Colleges Based on Professional Competence Standards
Full text linkAgainst the backdrop of China’s national strategy to build a strong transportation sector and the global development of the industry, the teaching quality of transportation English courses in vocational colleges directly impacts the job adaptability and professional competitiveness of technical and skilled personnel. Current transportation English curricula in vocational colleges commonly face issues such as content disconnection from occupational competency standards, monotonous teaching methods, evaluation systems lacking vocational orientation, and insufficient practical skills among faculty members, which fail to meet the actual demands of the transportation industry for English application capabilities. Guided by occupational competency standards and tailored to the characteristics of vocational education in transportation-related fields, this paper systematically analyzes the current teaching status and core challenges of transportation English courses. It proposes targeted reform measures in four aspects: curriculum restructuring, innovative teaching methods, improved assessment mechanisms, and faculty team development. The aim is to promote deeper alignment between transportation English courses and job requirements, enhance students’ professional English application abilities and vocational competencies, and provide practical references for the reform of English teaching in transportation-related vocational programs
Identification of Peer Effect in ESG Information Disclosure of Tourism Enterprises and Its Impact on Enterprise Value
Full text linkUnder the guidance of the "dual carbon" strategy, promoting ESG information disclosure to achieve the green and low-carbon transformation of enterprises has become a hot topic. This paper takes A-share tourism listed companies from 2011 to 2021 as the research object, identifies the peer effect of ESG information disclosure in tourism enterprises, and empirically examines its impact on enterprise value. The research finds that there is a peer effect in ESG information disclosure of tourism enterprises, and this effect can significantly enhance enterprise value. Further research shows that information transparency is an important transmission channel. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the positive effect of ESG information disclosure peer effect on enterprise value is more obvious in tourism enterprises with a high level of inbound tourism development, high industry competition, high marketization degree, and non-state-owned enterprises. The research conclusion enriches the relevant results and provides empirical evidence for enhancing the value of tourism enterprises
Research on the Impact of Capital Market Opening on Idiosyncratic Stock Price Volatility
Full text linkBased on data from the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Connect programs spanning 2016 to 2024, this paper takes the inclusion of A-shares in the MSCI index as an exogenous policy shock and employs a Difference-in-Differences approach to examine the impact of capital market opening on idiosyncratic stock price volatility. The results show that MSCI inclusion significantly reduces the idiosyncratic volatility of constituent stocks, with this effect being more pronounced in state-owned enterprises and exhibiting a distinct regional gradient of "central > eastern > western" China. Mechanism tests indicate that improved information transparency serves as the core transmission channel. This study provides new empirical evidence for understanding the micro-level stabilizing effects of emerging market liberalization
Practical Research on Leakage Control of Public Water Supply in a County in Northern China
Full text linkAiming at the prominent problems of the public water supply system in a county in northern China, such as unclear pipe network assets, low informatization level and inadequate leakage control measures, a comprehensive leakage control solution for water supply pipe networks was designed based on new-generation information technologies including GIS and IoT. The solution integrates pipe network census, district metering management, information software system development and management mechanism construction. Through the implementation of this solution, digital management of water supply pipe network assets, real-time perception of operational data and intelligent early warning were achieved. The leakage rate of the pipe network in the research area was stably controlled below 9%, which significantly improved the refined operation and intelligent management capacity of the local water supply enterprise. This research provides a referable technical path and practical paradigm for water supply leakage governance in similar small and medium-sized towns in China
Meteorological Drivers of Summertime Ground-Level Ozone in Jilin City (2020-2023): WRF–CMAQ Simulation and Health Risk Assessment
Full text linkThe rising incidence of ground-level ozone (O3) air pollution and its subsequent adverse health effects in urban areas, particularly in emerging countries such as China, warrant urgent attention. Ground-level O3 is a major health threat, accelerating respiratory diseases and cardiovascular disorders. Despite widespread studies in major industrial areas, the spatial and temporal patterns of O3 are, however, insufficient, particularly for smaller cities such as Jilin, North China, with reference to meteorological forcing. The study aims to bridge this gap through an analysis of the spatiotemporal variability of O3 and related health effects for the period 2020 to 2023 for the summer seasons (May to July) for Jilin City, incorporating both meteorological and air quality models (WRF v4.3.3 and CMAQ v5.4) with inputs from various monitoring stations. The findings reveal that the higher temperatures in 2023 facilitated the production of O3, whereas changes in the wind pattern and lower planetary boundary layer height influenced the transport of pollutants. The seasonal variations of O3 were, however, underpredicted for the peak occurrences using the CMAQ model, with a normalised mean bias ranging from −30.98% to −22.98%. The health risk for the period, as indicated by the Normalised Health-based Air Quality Index (NHAQI), showed an improvement, albeit slight, in air quality from 2020 to 2023, accompanied by a decrease in the excess health risk (from 2.19% to 2.13%). The spatial analysis revealed continuous areas of high risk, particularly during stagnation periods in urban areas. The study highlights the importance of localized, season-oriented strategies for mitigating O3 exposure and minimizing harm to public health. However, the marginal air quality improvement for the period 2020–2023 is encouraging, suggesting further improvement is possible. Increased accuracy must be achieved through model improvements, refined emission inventories, and targeted remedies at locations with excessive O3 levels, particularly sensitive urban locations
Differences in Dissolved Organic Matter Between Karstic Fissured/Non-fissured Soils
Full text linkDissolved organic matter (DOM) is widespread in the environment and plays a role in various ecosystems. This study aimed to explore the differences between fissured/non-fissured soil DOM. Accordingly, the differences in DOM between fissured/non-fissured soils must be clarified to assess soil quality. This study used UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix parallel factor analysis (EEMs-PARAFAC) to characterize soil samples with and without fissures. The fluorescence components of DOM were determined by comparison with OpenFluor. Significance, linear regression, and redundancy analyses were used to obtain the transformation relationship between DOM components and the effect of environmental factors on DOM. This study found that (1) the non-fissured soil DOM exhibited stronger aromaticity and hydrophobicity than the fissured soil DOM. This finding, along with the results of HIX, FI, and BIX tests, suggested that non-fissured DOM is influenced by both exogenous and microbial sources, while fissured DOM is influenced by microbial and autochthonous sources. (2) Protein-like components of non-fissured soils were more abundant (35%–51%) than those of fissured soils (17%–45%), and the transformation relationship between non-fissured components (A2→A3→A1) differed more than that between fissured components (A2→A1→A3), resulting in a greater loss of DOM protein-like components from non-fissured areas. (3) Fissure width (FW) and aperture (Ape): The width and aperture of fissures can significantly affect DOM loss and alter component characteristics under the influence of different environmental factors. Fissures with larger FW and Ape were found to result in higher soil quality (DOC/SOC) compared to non-fissures, with the highest DOC/SOC found in non-fissured coppices. Note that changes in vegetation type can also impact soil quality in fissures. The structure of the karst environment has a dichotomous effect on the component ratios and transformation direction of DOM in fissured/non-fissured soils. Non-fissured areas are more vulnerable to the loss of lighter fractions during rainfall and are also subject to anthropogenic activities. Therefore, the environment requires deeper and wider improvement
Cognitive Apprenticeship in Secondary Writing Instruction: Fostering Metacognition and Self-Regulation
Full text linkThis study examines, within an applied linguistics framework, the contribution of the Cognitive Apprenticeship (CA) model to the development of metacognitive and self-regulatory skills in senior high school students’ argumentative writing. Using a quasi-experimental action research design, a year-long intervention was implemented in two first-year senior high school classes, with a third class serving as a comparison group. The intervention enacted core CA components—development of prior knowledge, modeling, coaching, scaffolding, articulation, reflection, and exploration—through structured metacognitive strategy instruction and targeted writing tasks aimed at transforming metacognitive knowledge into self-regulated writing competencies. Methodological rigor was ensured through data triangulation, including pre- and post-intervention writing assessments evaluated with a validated rubric, an open-ended metacognitive knowledge elicitation task, student interviews, and classroom observations. Writing samples were independently scored by two raters. Quantitative data were analyzed using paired-sample and between-group comparisons, while qualitative data were coded within a thematic framework. Results indicate significant gains in metacognitive awareness, self-regulatory behaviors, and writing quality among students in the intervention classes compared to the control group. Qualitative evidence highlights increased strategic engagement and learner autonomy during the writing process. Overall, the findings demonstrate that socio-cognitive instructional approaches support metacognition and self-regulation in secondary-level writing instruction
A Study on the Determination of Liability Proportions for Property Damage in Ship Collisions
Full text linkIn maritime judicial practice, determining the proportion of liability for property damage resulting from vessel collisions remains a critical challenge. Although China’s Maritime Code establishes the fundamental principle of “liability proportionate to the degree of fault,” it lacks operational quantitative standards and a scientific fault classification system. This deficiency leads to significant variations in judicial rulings for similar cases, undermining the uniformity and fairness of legal application. This paper examines the determination of liability ratios for property damage resulting from vessel collisions, aiming to explore the theoretical foundations and practical approaches for liability apportionment and provide insights for refining China’s relevant regulations. The study first traces the evolution of the concept of vessel collision, clarifying the rationale for China’s legislation to include indirect collisions within its scope of regulation. Second, it delves into two core issues in China’s liability proportion determination while examining extraterritorial practices in shipping-developed nations like the UK and the US, offering valuable insights for institutional refinement. Building on this analysis, the paper proposes three improvement recommendations: establishing quantitative reference standards for negligence, adhering to objective negligence assessment criteria, and adopting a navigation-stage analysis approach for adjudication