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Pedagogical Functions of Pictures and Classroom Exercises in Teaching English Literature in Basic and Post-Basic Education in Nigeria
Full text linkThis study examines the pedagogical functions of pictures and classroom exercises in the teaching of English literature at two fundamental levels of Nigeria’s educational system: basic education (primary school) and post-basic education (secondary school). In teaching English literature at the level of basic education, children literature is captured. It is the level at which pictorial representations/visual illustrations are brought to the fore not just because of the age-range of the learners, but also because the settings and socio-cultural underpinnings of such pictorial representations/visual illustrations make literature texts easy to mean to the target audience. Knowledge is best transmitted when linguistic and extralinguistic variables are deployed by literary writers to convey message in English literature texts for basic and post-basic education pupils/students; from authorial end, the process is indeed, creative indulgence and literary ingenuity in the three basic genres of literature: drama, prose and poetry. Picture books can be obtained in these three forms, even though they are common in prose texts (storybooks). Apart from facilitating textual interpretation, pictures promote reader-interest and reading culture at pre-basic and post-basic levels of education in Nigeria. At the Junior Secondary School level, pictures are occasionally used in English literature texts, whereas they are commonly used in English literature texts for younger learners (primary school pupils). The theoretical frameworks of this study are: Gokhan Cetinkaya’s (2015, p. 118) report and the Critical Theory. The study concludes that: pictures and classroom exercises do not only commune with the objectives of the curriculum of English literature in basic and post-basic education in Nigeria, but are also potent in the transmission of knowledge in terms of the basic skills to be learnt in the curriculum
Goodness and Emotions in Fragility: Nussbaum on Tragic Ethics
Full text linkNussbaum argues that divergent attitudes toward the influence of luck on the realization of Goodness constitute the fundamental divide between the ethical conception of Greek tragedy and philosophy. Philosophical ethics attempts to exclude the influence of luck through reason in order to establish the self-sufficient good, whereas the ethical conception disclosed by Greek tragedy acknowledges and embraces the fragility of the good, regarding emotions as a necessary condition for ethical practice. Based on Nussbaum’s interpretation of ancient Greek tragedy, the core views of tragic ethics can be revealed. The fragility of goodness is interwoven across dual dimensions: external circumstances and internal character, and is rooted in the universal presence of contingency, human finitude and relationality, and tensions among plural good values. Fragility, as the realistic premise of ethical practice, does not necessarily lead to the failure or disappearance of the good; rather, it reveals the virtue and dignity that individuals demonstrate in confronting fate. Emotions, as the medium for perceiving fragility, play an irreplaceable cognitive and practical role in the realization of the good
Research on Legal Pathways for Resolving Local Government Debt Risks in China
Full text linkIn recent years, China’s local government debt issues have drawn widespread attention. Since 2014, the government has introduced a series of policies to resolve debt problems and prevent systemic risks. When administrative measures alone prove insufficient to address government debt, restructuring local government finances emerges as an effective path to resolve the debt crisis. This paper employs government fiscal data from 2014 to 2023, along with 2023 data compared to the previous year, to empirically examine the actual state of government debt. Findings reveal severe local government debt issues, manifested in: substantial outstanding debt balances; declining fiscal self-sufficiency rates; rising debt-to-revenue ratios; increasing liability ratios; and expanded issuance of local government bonds and urban investment bonds. Subsequently, the paper proposes a phased approach to resolving local government debt. This includes establishing specialized restructuring standards for urban investment companies, developing refined restructuring criteria for local governments, and strengthening the guiding role of the central government. The study provides a new case for international comparative research on the legal resolution of local government debt and offers fresh perspectives for exploring debt restructuring protections for Chinese local governments
The Impact of Hollywood Political Films on US Politics and Politics Culture: A Case Study of Thirteen Days
Full text linkThis essay uses the Hollywood political film Thirteen Days as a case study, by combining the authentic historical and political background of the 1960s Cuban Missile Crisis in the United States, examines the roles and impacts of Hollywood political films in shaping U.S. politics and political culture. Specifically, by reconstructing historical decision-making processes, portraying an idealised presidential image, and conveying ideological information, Thirteen Days has contributed to enhancing public understanding of politics, strengthening the political beliefs, and fostering social unity and cohesion to some extent. However, it may also promote information bias by selective storytelling and perpetuating the manipulation of ideology by dominant political interests. In addition, this essay also discusses Thirteen Days’s global cultural impact as a vehicle for exporting American values and reshaping Cold War memory
Bach and Harnish’s Speech Act Theory; Towards an Appraisal
Full text linkThis study is an appraisal of Bach and Harnish’s (1979) speech act theory, which portrays language use as a fascinating speaker-hearer phenomenon. Like Grice’s pragmatic theory (cf. Grice 1975), Bach and Harnish’s (ibid) speech act theory contends that language use is a rational communicative behaviour on the part of the participants. Speech act theories are immersed in the appropriateness of speech acts in discrete contexts and situations. Hence, the term ‘congruence’ refers to how a speaker’s speech act or utterance matches his/her addressee’s social status. In critiquing or appraising Bach and Harnish’s (ibid) speech act theory, this study brings to the fore, its strengths and weaknesses, as they apply not only to different dimensions of language use, but also in terms of features of human communication captured in the literature. Hinging on Charles Kriedler’s language-speaker postulations, this study concludes that while Bach and Harnish’s speech act theory is suitable for understanding speech acts in relation to shared knowledge, literal and non-literal propositions, the theory does not satisfactorily account for certain dimensions of human communication beyond the sentence
Research on the Impact of Strong Financial Regulation on Enterprise Total Factor Productivity—Evidence Based on the Introduction of New Asset Management Regulation
Full text linkThis study evaluates the impact of strong financial regulation on enterprise total factor productivity (TFP) using the 2018 New Asset Management Regulation (NAMR) as a quasi-natural experiment. Based on data from Chinese A-share listed firms (2014-2022), the results show that NAMR significantly reduces TFP in firms with higher pre-policy financialization, indicating a short-term efficiency cost. The negative effect operates through increased financing constraints, reduced innovation, and aggravated maturity mismatches. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the effect is stronger in regions with lower banking competition and weaker in firms with financially experienced executives. These findings provide micro-level evidence on the efficiency trade-offs of financial regulation and inform policy efforts to balance financial stability with real economy development
Geochemical Characteristics of Trace Elements in the Early Cambrian Zhuzhusi Formation, Qujing Region, Yunnan Province, and Their Implications for Sedimentary Environment
Full text linkThis study investigates the climate, water salinity, and redox conditions during the deposition of the Early Cambrian Zhuzhushi Formation in Qujing, Yunnan Province, China. Utilizing elemental geochemical methods, we reconstruct the paleoenvironment of the Early Cambrian Zhuzhushi Formation in the Qujing area. Results indicate: Li content ranged from 1.5 to 56.3 μg/g, with Sr/Ba ratios between 0.09 and 0.56, indicating a predominantly freshwater environment during the Zhuzhushi Formation's deposition in the study area. V/(V+Ni) values ranged from 0.66 to 0.91 (mean 0.79), U/Th ratios from 0.75 to 15.45 (mean 4.33), and δU values from 1.38 to 1.96 (mean 1.73), collectively indicating a predominantly anoxic-reductive environment during the Zhuzhushi Formation deposition; Paleoclimate indices C ranged from 1.09 to 4.48, and Sr/Cu ratios from 1.16 to 9.30, indicating a predominantly warm and humid climate during the Chuzhusi Formation deposition. Babio values ranged from 200 to 1309.98, and P/Ti ratios from 1.59 to 62.5, suggesting high productivity levels throughout the Chuzhusi Formation deposition period. The concentrations of Ba, Ni, Co, Mn/Fe (average 0.005), and Rb/Zr (average 2.27) indicate shallow water depth during the Zhuzhushi Formation deposition. Sr content indicates an average paleowater temperature of 30.38°C, suggesting a warm water environment
On the Legal Path for the Unified Regulation of Marine Use Certificates and Aquaculture Certificates for Waters and Tidal Flats
Full text linkWith the continuous and rapid development of China’s marine economy, aquaculture activities in the sea are becoming increasingly frequent. As two core legal certificates, the Sea Area Use Certificate and the Aquaculture Use Right Certificate play a crucial role in the management of marine resources. However, the current management model of the two certificates being separate has gradually exposed a series of problems, such as ambiguous rights nature, overlapping approval procedures, and high administrative costs. This paper systematically reviews the legal sources and practical status of the two certificates, and on this basis, proposes legal paths such as legislative integration to clarify the nature of rights, optimizing the approval process and promoting simultaneous issuance of certificates, and building a departmental collaboration and information sharing platform, to promote the integration of the two certificates from procedural coordination to substantive unification, providing legal support and institutional design references for optimizing the marine governance system and promoting the high-quality development of the blue economy
Using the Organized Problem-Based Computation Intervention (OPBCI) to Support Arithmetic Word-Problem Solving in Fifth Graders with Learning Difficulties: A Single-Case Study
Full text linkThe present study investigated the use of the Organized Problem-Based Computation Intervention (OPBCI) within a single-case experimental framework. This instructional routine systematically employs graphic organizers to support arithmetic word-problem solving among students who require strategic assistance. Using a staggered multiple-baseline across-participants design, four fifth graders (two girls, two boys; aged 10-11) from a linguistically and socioeconomically diverse German lower-secondary school received 9-11 individual intervention sessions following baseline phases. Word-problem performance was measured using curriculum-based probes assessing correct identification of start, change, operation, and result quantities. Visual analysis and Tau-U indices indicated higher performance levels during intervention phases relative to baseline (τ = .57-.78). However, patterns of change varied across students and were, in some cases, constrained by baseline trends or ceiling effects. Social validity ratings were uniformly positive: students rated the OPBCI as useful, enjoyable, and easy to follow and reported that the graphic organizer supported their understanding of word-problem structure. Overall, the findings suggest that OPBCI may offer feasible, short-term instructional support for organizing arithmetic word-problem work in inclusive educational settings, while highlighting the need for cautious interpretation and further research
The Evolution of Consumers’ Purchasing Behavior Characteristics and Marketing Enlightenment from the Perspective of Consumption Upgrade
Full text linkAgainst the backdrop of China’s sustained economic growth and continuous improvement of residents’ living standards, consumption upgrade has become an important trend driving the high-quality development of the consumer market. Consumption upgrade not only changes the consumption structure and demand level of residents, but also profoundly reshapes the characteristics and decision-making logic of consumers’ purchasing behavior. Based on the core connotation of consumption upgrade, this paper combs the driving factors of consumption upgrade and its impact on consumers’ purchasing behavior, analyzes the evolution characteristics of consumers’ purchasing behavior in the context of consumption upgrade, and puts forward targeted marketing enlightenment for enterprises, so as to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for enterprises to adapt to the new consumption trend, optimize marketing strategies and enhance market competitiveness