Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón
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Manejo agronómico y calidad del suelo en cultivos extensivos de zonas semiáridas de Aragón
Full text linkAdemás de producir alimentos, los suelos agrícolas deben realizar otras funciones vitales dentro de los agrosistemas. Este estudio muestra cómo distintas prácticas de manejo del suelo y del cultivo en sistemas de secano y regadío del Valle Medio del Ebro (Aragón) afectan a diversas propiedades relacionadas con la calidad y salud de los suelos. La respuesta a los sistemas de no laboreo no son uniformes en distintas parcelas para aumentar la materia orgánica, dependiendo de otros aspectos del manejo como el destino de los residuos de los cultivos o el tipo de fertilización.Este estudio forma parte del programa AGROALNEXT, financiado por
MCIN con fondos de la Unión Europea NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.
I1). Agradecer a los agricultores que han colaborado con el estudio: José
Cavero, Emilio Clavero, Jorge Fanlo, Adrián Tambo, Jesús Sánchez, y
José Carlos Pérez por su excelente disposición. Así como al apoyo de
Carlos Molina para contactar con agricultores socios de AGRACON.Publishe
Sistemas de producción de vacuno de carne: manejo, rendimientos, salud y bienestar
No full textEl curso del que forma parte esta presentación está financiado con Fondos del Ministerio de Educación y cofinanciada Fondo Social Europeo
Tema 13: Variación genética del hospedador en resistencia a enfermedades (cuantificación) GWAS
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New Insights into Fertilisation with Animal Manure for Annual Double-Cropping Systems in Nitrate-Vulnerable Zones of Northeastern Spain
Full text linkMaize double-cropping production systems in Mediterranean areas have a great nitrogen extraction capacity and high nitrogen (N) requirements. This study aims to assess whether in these farming systems, animal manure can be applied, using adequate management practices, at levels exceeding the maximum annual amount of livestock manure established in the European Nitrate Directive for vulnerable zones (170 kg N ha-1) without increasing the risk of water nitrate contamination. We compare the risk of nitrate leaching under two fertilisation strategies, one with synthetic fertilisers and the second with a maximised application of pig slurry, exceeding the limits of the EU Nitrate Directive, in two soil types. Crop yields, N extraction and nitrate concentrations below the crop root zone were not affected by the fertilisation strategies at each site. The results show that pig slurry can be applied above the limit of 170 kg N ha-1 under the conditions of the study, up to 360 kg N ha-1, without increasing the risk for nitrate leaching.This research was funded by the Government of Aragón and the European Agricultural Funds for Rural Development—FEADER, grant GCP 2016-0033nitrate leachingpig slurrydouble croppingmediterranean areanitrate vulnerable zonesPublishe
Harnessing the diversity of a lettuce wild relative to identify anthocyanin-related genes transcriptionally responsive to drought stress
Full text linkLettuce is a crop particularly vulnerable to drought. A transcriptomic study in the variety ‘Romired’ and the wild relative Lactuca homblei was conducted to understand the increase in anthocyanins (only significant in L. homblei) in response to drought previously observed. RNA-seq revealed more differentially expressed genes (DEGs), especially upregulated, in the wild species, in which the most abundant and significant GO terms were involved in regulatory processes (including response to water). Anthocyanin synthesis was triggered in L. homblei in response to drought, with 17 genes activated out of the 36 mapped in the phenylpropanoid-flavonoid pathway compared to 7 in ‘Romired’. Nineteen candidate DEGs with the strongest change in expression and correlation with both anthocyanin content and drought were selected and validated by qPCR, all being differentially expressed only in the wild species with the two techniques. Their functions were related to anthocyanins and/or stress response and they harboured 404 and 11 polymorphisms in the wild and cultivated species, respectively. Some wild variants had high or moderate predicted impacts on the respective protein function: a transcription factor that responds to abiotic stresses, a heat shock protein involved in stomatal closure, and a phospholipase participating in anthocyanin accumulation under abiotic stress. These genetic variants could explain the differences in the gene expression patterns between the wild (significantly up/downregulated) and the cultivated (no significant changes) species. The diversity of this crop wild relative for anthocyanin-related genes involved in the response to drought could be exploited to improve lettuce resilience against some adverse climate effects.The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the
research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was
funded by the projects PID2022-138484OR-I00 from the Spanish
Ministry of Science and Innovation and State Research Agency (AEI)
and LMP148_21 from the Government of Aragón; and by the
Operational Programme FEDER Aragón 2023-2025 and 2020-2022,
and the European Social Fund from the European Union (A12-23R:
“Grupo de investigación en fruticultura: caracterización, adaptación y
mejora genética”). IML was supported by a predoctoral contract for
training doctors from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and
Universities (MCIU) and the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI).abiotic stressantioxidantscrop wild relativesdifferentially expressed genesLactuca sativa L.real-time qPCRRNA-seqresiliencePublishe
Contrasting Responses to Climate Change – Predicting Bloom of Major Temperate Fruit Tree Species in the Mediterranean Region and Central Europe
Full text linkOne common manifestation of climate change is advancing leaf emergence and bloom in temperate-zone trees. However, under conditions where warming winters compromise the trees’ ability to fulfill their chilling requirements, spring phenology may instead be delayed. In severe cases, certain development stages, such as bloom, may not be fully reached. Understanding how particular tree species or cultivars respond to warming is crucial for adaptation planning but producing accurate predictions has proven difficult. We addressed this challenge by calibrating the novel PhenoFlex
phenology modeling framework with long-term bloom data for 110 cultivars of seven temperate fruit and nut tree species (apple, pear, apricot, sweet cherry, plum, almond, pistachio), from Spain, Tunisia, Morocco, and Germany. We used the resulting models to project bloom dates and potential bloom failure – when agroclimatic requirements for flowering are not met – for current conditions and future scenarios for two time periods (2035–2065, 2070–2100), four warming scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, SSP585) and multiple global circulation models for six study locations across four countries.
We identified three general trends: advancing bloom dates for all species in Germany, delayed bloom
36 for most species in southern Spain, Tunisia, and Morocco, and largely unchanged bloom dates in northern Spain and for almonds in Morocco. In the short term (2035–2065), agroclimatic requirements for most species are expected to be met, except for apricots in southern Spain and pistachios in central Tunisia. Predicted bloom failure rates spiked for most species in Tunisia, Morocco, and southern Spain under pessimistic warming scenarios in the long term (2070–2100) and, to a lesser extent, in northern Spain. Our results revealed cultivar-specific differences in bloom date shifts and failure rates, indicating variation among cultivars in their adaptability to winter warming. These information may guide the design of climate-resilient orchards based on cultivars aligned with projected agroclimatic conditions.Funding We thank the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA), a program supported under H2020, the European Union’s Framework program for research and innovation, for funding this research within the AdaMedOr project (grant number 01DH20012 of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research). We also thank national donors from the partner countries: the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Agencia Estatalde Investigación 10.13039/501100011033) and NextGeneration EU/PRTR (grants PCI2020-111966 and PID2020-115473RR-I00 in the case of CITA; grant PCI2020-112113 in the case of CEBAS); the Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieure et de la Recherche Scientifique et de l’Innovation, Direction de la Recherche Scientifique et de l’Innovation(MENF-PESRS/DRSI- Maroc) in the case of Morocco; and the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in the case of Tunisia.
A. Picornell was supported by a postdoctoral grant financed by the University of Malaga for a research stay at the working group of Horticultural Sciences, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, and by a postdoctoral grant financed by the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades (Junta de Andalucía, POSTDOC_21_00056)agroclimatic requirementsdormancytemperate fruit treeClimate adaptationPhenologywinter chillPublishe