Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón
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Intercropping of aromatic plants in truffle orchards: short-term effect on extraradical truffle mycelium and aromatic plant growth
Get PDFBackground and AimsIntercropping of truffle-producing trees with aromatic plants is used to improve profitability of truffle orchards during the initial 4-7 years. However, after that period the viability of this system is challenged by the appearance of brules, an area around host tree characterised by scarce plant cover where the fungus exhibits allelopathic activity. We aimed to investigate the ecological interactions between these crops and between their associated mycorrhizal fungi in adult truffle plantations.MethodsWe simulated two intercropping systems, truffle oak - lavender and truffle oak - rosemary in their adult stage. We analysed and compared aromatic plants and soil samples inside and outside the brules during the first year of the aromatic plants in the field.ResultsWe found a strong negative relation of brules with the growth of the aromatic plants, although not a decrease in the arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of their roots. The essential oil yield and composition of aromatic plants was affected by brules. The extraradical truffle mycelium was not significantly affected by the presence of aromatic plants.ConclusionsThe growth and yield of aromatic plants was impaired during their first year growing in brules, whereas no negative effect of aromatic plants on truffle fruiting potential was found. The study improves our understanding of the mechanisms influencing the viability of the truffle tree - aromatic plant intercropping and the possible technical challenges.Tuber melanosporumLavandula × intermediaSalvia rosmarinusintercroppingextraradical myceliummedicinal and aromatic plantsPublishe
A reliable qPCR technique for detecting viable Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni cells
Get PDFXanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap) is the causal agent of bacterial spot of stone fruits and almond (Prunus spp). Detection of Xap is typically carried out using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) combined with culture-based isolation. However, qPCR does not differentiate between viable and dead cells, potentially leading to an overestimation of the infective population in a sample. Such overestimation could result in unnecessary phytosanitary measures. The present study aims to develop a specific protocol ideally targeting to detection of only live Xap bacterial cells. To address this challenge, the viable quantitative PCR (v-qPCR) method was evaluated using three nucleic acid-binding dyes: propidium monoazide (PMA), a combination of PMA and ethidium monoazide (EMA), and PMAxx™, an improved version of PMA. PMAxx™ proved to be the most suitable dye for the detection and quantification of living bacterial cells. This methodology was also evaluated in infected plant material over time and can be considered a rapid and reliable alternative to PCR methods for detecting only those putative infective Xap that may pose a risk for Prunus crops.Este trabajo fue financiado por el proyecto PID2021-123600ORC44, con el apoyo de MICIU/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 y por el FEDER, UECut-off CtLODXanthomonas arboricola pv. pruniV-qPCRIntercalating dyeViable cell detectionPublishe
A simple and efficient method for onion pollen preservation: Germination, dehydration, storage conditions, and seed production
Get PDFThe preservation of viable pollen is essential to overcome the problems related to the asynchronous flowering of the parental lines in onion hybrid breeding programs. The aim of this study was to establish a simple, inex-pensive, and easily reproducible protocol for medium-term onion pollen storage. First, the conditions for assessing the in vitro pollen germination were optimized. The liquid medium favored the counting of germination of pollen grains in comparison to the solid medium. The addition of 75 mg/l Ca(NO3)2. 4H2O to the medium did not improve pollen germination, while that of 150 mg/l Ca(NO3)2. 4H2O inhibited pollen germination. The highest germination percentage was achieved by incubation at 30-35 degrees C in the dark. Second, fresh or dehydrated pollen (maintained in a desiccator with silica gel at 25 degrees C for 18 h) was stored at 4, -20, and -80 degrees C for two years to study pollen preservation. In addition, the viability and germination capacity of stored pollen were periodi-cally evaluated at 0, 15 and 30 days; 2 and 6 months; and 1 and 2 years. Pollen viability was best retained at low relative humidity and temperatures below zero. Dehydration was essential for pollen preservation at -20 and -80 degrees C. The results showed that dehydrated pollen stored at -20 degrees C could be used, with guarantees, for polli-nation throughout the flowering season. However, the highest viability and in vitro germination percentages after two years of storage (29 and 32%, respectively) were achieved with dehydrated pollen stored at -80 degrees C. Finally, the capacity of stored pollen to produce seeds was confirmed in crosses with male sterile lines. In this way, dehydrated pollen stored at -80 degrees C for two years produced an average of 47.9 seeds/100 flowers, representing 43% of the seed in the control crosses. This is the first report in onion research of seed production after polli-nation with preserved pollen at -80 degrees C for two years.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad INIA-FEDER (RTA2015-00042-C02-01), por el Convenio EEAD-CSIC con el CITA-Aragón para la «Producción de dobles haploides de cebolla y desarrollo de un protocolo de conservación de polen», y por el Gobierno de Aragón (Grupos A11-20R y A08-20R).Publishe
¿Cómo se estiman las necesidades de riego en las zonas verdes?
Get PDFProyecto “Mejora de la eficiencia en el uso del agua en entornos verdes urbanos a través de herramientas digitales” (DigiWaGu)Necesidades de riegoZonas verde
Álbum de fotografías de la Jornada Olivares Vivos
No full textActuación subvencionada por el Gobierno de España y el Gobierno de Aragón con cargo al Fondo de Inversiones de Terue
Cartel y programa de la Jornada "Tecnologías del pastoreo: ¿el futuro de la ganadería extensiva?" (Teruel, 27 de febrero de 2024)
No full textEsta actividad está soportada por el proyecto Red AgriFoodTe financiada por el Gobierno de Aragón, a través del fondo de inversiones de Teruel (año 2022), con participación del Gobierno de España (Ministerio de Política Territorial)
Shoot and Root Decomposition from Different Cropping Systems Under Semiarid Mediterranean Conditions
Get PDFImproving the management of crop residues is essential for water and soil conservation and for increasing soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) levels in dryland agroecosystems. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the decomposition dynamics and C and N released from crop residues from different cropping systems under semiarid Mediterranean conditions. A litterbag experiment was conducted from July of 2020 to June of 2021 to examine the shoot and root decomposition dynamics of different cropping systems; the following systems were selected: V(B), vetch (Vicia sativa) residue decomposition in a barley crop; B(V), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) residue decomposition in a vetch crop; P(B), pea (Pisum sativum) residue decomposition in a barley crop; B(P), barley residue decomposition in a pea crop; and B(B), barley residue decomposition in a barley crop. After 48 weeks of decomposition, a 45% and 60% of residues mass remaining (MR) was found corresponding to vetch and pea shoot residues respectively, whilst barley MR ranged 77-87% depending on the cropping system. In root residues, the mass decay from legume residues (40-45%) was higher compared to barley residues (17-29%). Exponential decay and linear models explained the residue decomposition observed in our study conditions. Residues C to N ratio and edaphoclimatic conditions played a major role controlling the decomposition. Residue decomposition and C and N release dynamics from different crop residues need to be considered for a transition to more sustainable agroecosystems under Mediterranean semiarid conditions.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) of Spain (ref: AGL2017-84529-C3-1-R). Irene Martin Brull was awarded a PhD fellowship by MICINN (ref: PRE2018-086334).Decay exponential modelDryland agroecosystemsCrop residuesLegumesBarleyCrop rotationsPublishe
The development of bio-based industry in the European Union: A prospective integrated modelling assessment
No full textQuantitative bioeconomy simulation models aid our understanding of the complex market driven dynamics accompanying the transition to a net-zero economy. This research addresses knowledge gaps in EU bioeconomy modelling capacity, particularly representations of contemporary bio-based industrial markets. Encompassing a comprehensive selection of biomass types and bioeconomy activities, an integrated model toolbox is constructed consisting of five state-of-the-art bioeconomy simulation models. Focusing on a public-policy driven bio-based industrial transformation, exploratory scenarios examine the synergies and trade-offs for the EU through the prism of its five bioeconomy pillars. Results indicate that the promotion of biomass for industry reduces fossil dependence, although if enacted globally, may result in a substantial increase in biomass demand. In addition, carbon taxes further accelerate market opportunities for bio-based alternatives, although a bio-based industry transformation contingent, at least in part, on woody and agricultural biomass feedstocks, will not achieve important reductions in emissions. Finally, in addition to a strict adherence to the principle of circularity in biomass usage, a socially responsible change in consumption behaviour represents an essential strategy for easing (agricultural) biomass market tensions.Este trabajo ha contado con el apoyo del proyecto BioMonitor, que ha recibido financiación del Programa de investigación e innovación Horizonte 2020 de la Unión Europea en virtud del acuerdo de subvención n.º 773297.BioeconomyBio-based industryEconomic modelsForestry modelsExploratory foresight analysisPublishe