Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón
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Impacts of carob pulp (Ceratonia siliqua L.) and vitamin E on pork colour, oxidative stability, lipid composition and microbial growth
Full text linkThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of the dietary by-product rich in polyphenols (Carob pulp, Cp) and supra-nutritional level of vitamin (Vit) E on pork quality and shelf-life of meat stored in modified atmosphere packaging for 15 days. A total of 44 pigs (entire males and gilts, 170 ± 4.5 days of age and 127.8 ± 3.6 kg of body weight) were randomly selected from a larger group (one pig per pen). Pigs were fed ad libitum with one of four diets in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with two feed inclusion levels each for Cp (0 vs. 20 %) and Vit E (30 (Low) vs. 300 IU/kg of feed (High)) for 40 days. No interactions between Cp and Vit E were detected for most variables assessed. Meat colour attributes evolved regardless of diet or sex, although metmyoglobin formation was preserved until 13 days. The Cp diets did not affect malondialdehyde nor ?-tocopherol content in meat. High Vit E limited the malondialdehyde production up to 13 days and increased 1.8-fold the muscle ?-tocopherol content compared to Low Vit E. The 20 %-Cp group tended to reduce total aerobic microbial count compared to 0 %-Cp group after 15 days of storage. Including Cp slightly affected the meat fatty acid (FA) profile, whereas Vit E did not modify it. Entire males presented higher content of polyunsaturated FA than gilts. Including 20 % Cp into pigs' diets does not impair meat quality, while High Vit E reduces lipid oxidation but not meat discolouration.Se recibió apoyo financiero de la UE-H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie (subvención número 801586); la Generalitat de Catalunya y los Fondos Europeos de Desarrollo Regional (código de subvención 01.02.01)PorkCarobTocopherolTanninsLipid oxidationPublishe
Estudio de Viabilidad Económica de una Instalación para la Gestión Integral de la Lana de Aragón
Full text linkValorization of local regional apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars versus commercial samples from Spain: Phenolic compounds by HPLC-MS/MS, cytotoxicity and biological potential on nitric oxide radicals and lipoxygenase inhibition
Full text linkSustainability in the fruit industry and protection of local cultivars are nowadays important tasks for consumers and authorities. Phenolic compounds are interesting to explore because they play an important role in fruit-related health benefits. The phenolic profile of the regional and commercial Spanish apple cultivars was performed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). For a deeper understanding of their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential, the 5-lipoxigenase inhibition and NO? scavenging were evaluated. Moreover, cellular viability was determined to perform MTT assay in HepG2 and HeLa cell lines to discard cytotoxicity. The results showed that procyanidin B2 (PB2), 3-caffeoylquinic acid, epicatechin and 4-hydroxy benzoic acid were the most abundant phenolic compounds. Autochthonous apple cultivars showed better 5-LOX/NO? inhibition and nontoxic effects in the tested cell lines with an interesting profile of phenolic compounds. Local autochthonous apples can be considered a better source of bioactive compounds than the commercial samples.APPLECUT (ref. PID2019-108081RR-C21) and APPLEDIV (PID2022-
141847OR-C31, PID2022-141847OR-C33) projects, financed by the
2019 and 2022 calls of the Ministry of Science and Innovation oriented
to challenges of society.FruitsApplePolyphenolsFlavonoidsHPLC-MS/MSAnti-inflammatoryPublishe
Plasticized cellulose bioplastics with beeswax for the fabrication of multifunctional, biodegradable active food packaging
Full text linkPlasticized cellulose bioplastics with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were prepared by blending cellulose and glycerol in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid and trifluoroacetic anhydride, adding a solution of beeswax in chloroform, and subsequent drop-casting. Optical, chemical, structural, mechanical, thermal, and hydrodynamic properties were fully characterized. In addition, the biodegradability in seawater was investigated by determination of the biological oxygen demand. The incorporation of beeswax ruled out the transparency and UV blocking, modified the main mechanical parameters, and improved the thermal stability and the antioxidant capacity, as well as the hydrodynamic and barrier properties. In general, these features were comparable to those of common petroleum-based food packaging plastics. Such changes were explained by the incorporation of beeswax into the polymer matrix, as determined by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. These cellulose-beeswax bioplastics were evaluated as viable food packaging materials by determination of the overall migration by using Tenax® as a dry food simulant, oxygen permeability at different relative humidities, measurement of antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus, and through preservation of fresh-cut pear slices, showing results similar to those obtained by using low-density polyethylene.This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Research
Council (CSIC) project 202040E003. S.G-P thanks the “Consejería de
Transformaci´on Econ´omica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades”
from Junta de Andalucía for her postdoctoral contract (POSTDOC_
21_00008). The authors thank Cristina Amella for her assistance in
preparing samples for the OTR tests and María del Rocío Mu˜noz-P´erez
for her assistance in the preservation assay of pear slices.Food packagingCelluloseBeeswaxBioplasticsBarrier propertiesPublishe
Mild synergistic effects of a dietary source of polyphenols (Ceratonia siliqua L.) and vitamin E on light lambs’ rumination activity, nutritional status, and gastrointestinal redox-immune markers
Full text linkThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of carob pulp (0 vs. 20% Cp, Ceratonia siliqua L.) and vitamin E (Vit E, 40 vs. 300 IU /kg of concentrate) on growth performance, time-budget and eating behaviour, blood metabolites, gastrointestinal and immune markers of fattening light lambs. Seventy-two weaned lambs (females and entire males) were randomly allocated in 12 group pens (6 animals/pen) in a 2?×?2 nutritional factorial design. Growth performance was evaluated, and blood samples were collected twice, whereas behaviour and eating pattern were recorded three times in the fattening period. Gene expression was evaluated by collecting ruminal, jejunal and ileal tissue samples at slaughter. The Cp inclusion did not affect lambs’ performance, but the High Vit E improved the lambs’ growth. Likewise, both Cp and High Vit E independently increased the haematocrit value while only High Vit E improved the plasma ?-tocopherol concentration and decreased the ratio MDA:?-tocopherol, considered a proxy of enhanced redox balance. Providing simultaneously 20% of Cp and High Vit E boosted rumination activity. Dietary Cp modified the eating pattern which was slightly delayed to the early afternoon, and decreased blood lactate. In the jejunum, High Vit E and 20%-Cp diets down-regulated IFN-? expression, while High Vit E down-regulated TNF-? expression. In the ileum, Cp decreased the expression of GPX2, whereas High Vit E down-regulated TGF-? and up-regulated CAT expression. Mild synergistic effects of dietary Cp and Vit E were evident on the nutritional status and gastrointestinal redox-immune markers of concentrate-fed lambs.carob pulpα-tocopherollambsbehaviourimmune responseantioxidantPublishe
Xylem and Phloem in Petioles Are Coordinated With Leaf Gas Exchange in Oaks With Contrasting Anatomical Strategies Depending on Leaf Habit
Full text linkAs the single link between leaves and the rest of the plant, petioles must develop conductive tissues according to the water influx and sugar outflow of the leaf lamina. A scaling relationship between leaf area and anatomical traits of xylem and phloem is expected to improve the efficiency of these tissues. However, the different constraints compromising the functionality of both tissues (e.g., risk of cavitation) must not be disregarded. Additionally, deciduous and evergreen plants may have different strategies to produce and package their petiole conduits to cope with environmental restrictions. We explored in 33 oak species the relationships between petiole anatomical traits, leaf area, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis rate. Results showed allometric scaling between anatomical structure of xylem and phloem with leaf area. We also found correlations between photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, and anatomical traits in the petiole. The main novelty is how oaks present a different strategy depending on the leaf habit. Deciduous species tend to increase their diameters to achieve greater leaf-specific conductivity. By contrast, evergreen oaks develop larger xylem conductive areas for a given leaf area than deciduous ones. This trade-off between safety-efficiency in petioles has never been attributed to the leaf habit of the species.This research was supported by Grant PID2022-136478OB-C32 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, by grant CNS2022-136156 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR and by Gobierno de Aragón S74_23R research group.Publishe
Biologia floral e reprodutiva de pitangueiras com frutos pirenicos e apirênicos
Full text linkSurinam cherry tree (Eugenia uniflora) is native to Brazil, but it is found in several subtropical countries of Latin America. Its fruit has different berries according to the maturation stage and variety. However, a genotype may have greater market potential, especially if intended for processing, as it produces seedless fruits. The aim of this study was to characterize the floral and reproductive biology of a E. uniflora apyrenic genotype, comparing possible differences with a pyrenic genotype. Works were carried at UTFPR – Câmpus of Dois Vizinhos, Brazil and EEAD (CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain. The period between the beginning of flowering and fruit maturation, anthesis time, quantification of the number of anthers per flower, pollen per anther, pollen grain development, and in vitropollen germination were evaluated. The pyrenic Surinam cherry genotype has higher number of anthers per flower, pollen per anther and pollen per flower. The in vitro viability of pollen grains was greater with flowers after anthesis and when longer incubation periods were used. Under natural conditions, pollen grain germination and pollen tube growth occur normally, with no self-incompatibility.A pitangueira é fruteira nativa do Brasil, podendo ser encontrada em países subtropicais da América Latina. O fruto apresenta diferentes tonalidades, variando pelo estágio de maturação e pelo genótipo. Porém, um genótipo pode ter maior potencial de mercado, principalmente se destinado à industrialização, pois produz frutos sem sementes. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a biologia floral e reprodutiva
do genótipo apirênico de pitangueira, comparando com o pirênico. Os trabalhos foram realizados na UTFPR – Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, Brasil, e na EEAD (CSIC), Espanha. Foram avaliados o período entre o início da floração e da maturação dos frutos, horário de antese, quantificação do número de anteras por flor, pólen por antera, desenvolvimento dos grãos de
pólen e germinação in vitro de pólen. O genótipo pirênico da pitangueira apresenta maior
número de anteras por flor, pólen por antera e pólen por flor. A viabilidade in vitro dos grãos
de pólen foi maior com flores após antese e quando foram utilizados períodos de incubação mais longos. Em condições naturais, a germinação dos grãos de pólen e o crescimento do tubo polínico ocorrem normalmente, sem autoincompatibilidade.The authors wish to extend their thanks and
appreciation to Estación Experimental de
Aula Dei, Zaragoza, Spain and gratefully acknowledge the CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifíco e Tecnológico)
CAPES (Coor enação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil for their financial support and research fellowshipEugenia unifloraMyrtaceaeSeedless fruitPollen viabilityEugenia unifloraMyrtaceaeFruta sem sementesViabilidade do pólenPublishe
Network of GRAS transcription factors in plant development, fruit ripening and stress responses
Full text linkThe plant-specific family of GRAS transcription factors has been wide implicated in the regulation of transcriptional reprogramming associated with a diversity of biological functions ranging from plant development processes to stress responses. Functional analyses of GRAS transcription factors supported by in silico structural and comparative analyses are emerging and clarifying the regulatory networks associated with their biological roles. In this review, a detailed analysis of GRAS proteins' structure and biochemical features as revealed by recent discoveries indicated how these characteristics may impact subcellular location, molecular mechanisms, and function. Nomenclature issues associated with GRAS classification into different subfamilies in diverse plant species even in the presence of robust genomic resources are discussed, in particular how it affects assumptions of biological function. Insights into the mechanisms driving evolution of this gene family and how genetic and epigenetic regulation of GRAS contributes to subfunctionalization are provided. Finally, this review debates challenges and future perspectives on the application of this complex but promising gene family for crop improvement to cope with challenges of environmental transition.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) supported the research through Vinisense project (PTDC/BAA-DIG/4735/2020) and Research Unit grant UID/MULTI/04046/2021, awarded to BioISI. R.A. is a recipient of fellowship from BioSys PhD programme PD65-2012 (UI/BD/153054/2022).Publishe