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The responsibility to protect: Contestation of absolute sovereignty
No full textThe responsibility to protect (R2P) is a new and emerging international norm as well as a global political commitment which seeks to address failures of states and International Community to prevent atrocities such as ethnic cleansing, war crimes and crimes against humanity. Established at the 2005 World Summit, R2P underlines that: sovereignty is not just a right but a primary responsibility of states to protect their own citizens and if states are unable or unwilling to do so, the international community has a responsibility to intervene by collective action under the UN Charter and Security Council. However, its application has been controversial and inconsistent and remains a subject of considerable debate. The aim of this paper is to argue that the questions about who has the authority to invoke R2P and the consensus among states within the UN Security Council, especially when vetoes and geopolitical considerations are involved, are significant challenges for collective actions under R2P
Creative Approaches to Teaching Foreign Languages Case Study and Survey Findings Students of English Language Faculty at UBT
No full textTeaching and learning a second language follows a general process for beginner, intermediate, and advanced students. Due to students\u27 different learning styles, it is necessary to apply various teaching methods. There is no single teaching method that universally works for everyone; there is no magic wand that guarantees miracles in teaching and learning. Consequently, researchers in education explore diverse pathways to find successful teaching methods. This paper focuses on creative teaching and learning, as well as verbal creativity in teaching English as a second language in Kosovo. The case study centers on peer interviews with students, where students create or modify their questions. They explain why it\u27s important for Americans to learn a foreign language, write essays on topics with a narrow focus, and analyze student projects where they describe aspects of a foreign culture that interest them. Another instrument for measuring creativity in teaching involves a qualitative survey for teaching staff consisting of four questions through Google Forms. In addition, the research employs a qualitative research design and relies on reviewing literature on teaching and learning English as a second language. Above all, the research uncovers key aspects of teaching, learning, and verbal creativity
Heavy Metal in Cow\u27s Milk; Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment
No full textEnvironmental contamination often has significant repercussions on food safety, with cow\u27s milk being a primary food source susceptible to heavy metal contamination. This study aims to assess the levels of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Pb) and selected essential nutrients (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Cr, Zn) in cow milk samples collected from various locations within the industrial zone surrounding the thermal power plant. A total of 153 milk samples were collected from 51 cows during morning milking across three seasons: spring (period I), summer (period II), and autumn (period III). Using atomic absorption spectrometry (SAA), we analyzed the concentration of these elements. The findings reveal that heavy metal levels exceed the recommended limits set by the International Dairy Federation and the Codex Alimentarius Commission in all three monitoring periods. Additionally, a strong correlation was found between the presence of heavy metals and nutritional elements in the milk
Why Every Dentist Should Use a Dental Microscope
No full textThis presentation addresses the question of why it is necessary, and indeed almost essential, for every dentist to utilize a dental microscope. Among all innovations in dentistry, the dental microscope occupies a unique and irreplaceable position. From its technical setup and components to its clinical application in diagnosis and various treatments—particularly in endodontics, endodontic microsurgery, and many other areas—the dental microscope has transformed our daily practice.This presentation will explore the benefits and applications of dental microscopes, highlighting how this tool has enhanced the accuracy and efficiency of dental procedures. The advantages for patients are also remarkable, offering more precise treatments and highly satisfactory outcomes
General Chemical Hemostatic Preparations
No full textHemostasis is a physiological process that stops bleeding in the injured area while maintaining normal blood flow in the circulation. Hemostasis occurs in two phases, primary and secondary hemostasis. When this process is disrupted, bleeding occurs, which we monitor with hemostatic agents. Hemostatic agents are divided into active (biological) and passive agents (mechanical, chemical and physical). According to their mode of action, they are divided into local and systemic agents. The advantages of chemical hemostyptics over active agents are: the unlikelihood of disease transmission, longer duration of use, and lower cost. General hemostatic agents are used more as a prophylactic measure. Aim: This paper aims to introduce general hemostatic-chemical preparations for the management of bleeding, their dosage, side effects, when indicated and when contraindicated. Methodology: The paper is in the form of a literature review . University books, world literature, both written and published in scientific journals in the form of text, illustrations or tables are used to collect data for this paper. Discussions: Numerous studies conducted by clinics around the world demonstrate that the administration of systemic chemical hemostyptics to patients with vascular disease is safe and has minimal side effects
The energy future of Kosovo, why it is difficult to give up coal
No full textEnergy and mining have constantly been highlighted as sectors with great potential for the Republic of Kosovo. Kosovo, as a small country in Southeast Europe, faces significant challenges in transitioning from a coal-dependent energy system to a more sustainable and diversified energy portfolio. Kosovo has a significant number of natural resources that is not managing to find the best use of these resources; therefore, a new and more dynamic approach is needed to change this trend. The main role of electrical energy systems is to enable safe, reliable and qualitative supply of electricity to all consumers. In this aspect, generation as a fundamental part of the electric power system is of great importance. Interruptions in electricity supply to consumers in most cases are caused by the deficit of generating capacities. Ensuring stable, quality, safe and uninterrupted supply of electricity is one of the main conditions for the development of a country, all this is achieved based on stable generating capacities. Kosovo\u27s challenge to move away from coal is not simply an energy issue, it is a reflection of deeper economic, social and political dynamics. Understanding these complexities is essential to designing effective policies that support a sustainable energy future by addressing the legitimate concerns of all stakeholders involved. In this study, we will analyze Kosovo\u27s natural resources for electricity production and the possibilities of incorporating renewable sources. So the objective of this study is to emphasize the importance of diversifying electricity production in order to increase security of supply with electricity and at the same time meeting pan-European standards on carbon emissions and air quality, which means less electricity from coal. By identifying structural barriers and proposing actionable solutions, this study aims to contribute to the discourse on Kosovo\u27s energy future, emphasizing the need for a balanced and comprehensive energy transition that respects the socioeconomic realities of the country by advancing towards an energy system more stable
Agroforestry systems - advantages and limitations
No full textSince the creation of mankind, two main problems have been: shelter and food. Initially, human communities provided food mostly in the wild, fruits, seeds, roots and everything edible from nature. Later they started to cultivate some of them in their settlements in the forest or later also in urban centers. The birth of work tools made the beginnings of an agricultural system ap-pear. Monoculture agriculture was born. But then in many cases they started to plant trees like apple, pear among them agricultural cultures, mainly vegetables, such as cabbage, leeks, onions, beans, etc. In many of these family units, poultry such as chickens, geese, ducks or livestock such as sheep, goats, etc. began to be kept and raised. This is how agroforestry systems were born. From recent analyzes through satellite images, it can be seen that recently the number of trees in forests has started to decrease, while the number of trees in agroforestry systems and in urban areas has started to in-crease. These systems are more environmentally friendly and closer to nature and certify the production of a variety of products. FAO have defined it in such a way as: Agroforestry is a collective name for land-use systems and technologies where woody perennials (trees, shrubs, palms, bamboos, etc.) are deliberately used on the same land-management units as agricultural crops and/or animals, in some form of spatial arrangement or temporal sequence. In agroforestry systems there are both ecological and economical interactions between the different components. But they also have some limitations, such as in terms of the mechanization of works. But the benefits are greater, especially in the environmental aspect. The above, that is, the ad-vantages and benefits of agroforestry systems and their limitations will be addressed in this paper. In this context, some illustrative examples will be given from different regions in Albania and Kosovo, and even beyond
Consumption of energy drinks and their impact on children’s health
No full textA new trend that has included children is the consumption of energy drinks. However, there is not much data on how much they and their parents are in-formed about the impact of energy drinks on their health. This study investi-gates the consumption of energy drinks and their impact on children\u27s health through a comprehensive survey targeting parents. The research aims to assess parental awareness and knowledge regarding the prevalence and effects of energy drink consumption among children. The survey encompasses questions related to frequency of consumption, perceived health impacts, and parental attitudes towards energy drinks. Preliminary findings indicate a significant lack of awareness among parents about the potential health risks associated with energy drink consumption in children, including increased risks of hyperactivity, cardiovascular issues, and sleep disturbances. The study highlights the need for enhanced educational initiatives to inform parents about the dangers of energy drinks and promote healthier dietary choices for children. The research includes the area of the municipality of Rahovec and Prizren in the Republic of Kosovo, leaving space to continue this research in other municipalities and also to study in detail the content of energy drinks based on the label declaration
The Palynomorphological Characteristics of Polypodium Vulgare L (Polypodiaceae) in Albania
No full textThe article contains data about the morphological study of spores of Polypodium vulgare L species in our country. Furthermore, is done the comparison of the palynological data of this specie with those taken from the literature. Spores are bilateral type, With contours like beans shaped to oval. The exine surface has non-uniform thickness. In some areas, it swells like non-uniform hills. Exina is relatively thick. The aperture is monolete. The surface of the exine has formations of nonuniform thickness. In some areas, the thicknesses of the exine formations are large. They take the form of non-uniform convex hills and give the contours of the spore various undulations. The perispore is thin, does not form a formation, covers the entire exine but gives the impression of its absence. This study provides more information on morphological features of grains of these species’ spores in our country compared with those of the literature. The study and photos of spores are realized with light microscope with 1000x power
The role of law enforcement mechanisms in the care of occupational health and safety in the workplace of health professionals in Kosovo
No full textWorkplace health and safety are critical concerns for health professionals, who are often exposed to various oc- cupational hazards. Aim: The primary aim of this study is to assess the role and effectiveness of law enforcement mechanisms in ensuring the health and safety of healthcare workers in Kosovo. Methodology: Consist in conduct research on the role of law enforcement mechanisms in ensuring the occupational health and safety of health professionals in Kosovo, using a qualitative methodology with questionnaires targeting the Health Inspec- torate and Labor Inspectorate. Results: The study found that while laws and regulations for workplace safety in healthcare exist in Kosovo, their enforce- ment is inconsistent and often inadequate. Conclusions: The study concludes that the enforcement of workplace health and safety laws in Kosovo’s healthcare sector is inadequate, leading to unsafe working conditions for health professionals