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Migration and Security
No full textThere are many reasons why people migrate. Better economic opportunities, better living conditions, healthcare or education opportunities, reuniting with family, escaping conflict, escaping persecution, climate change, even love. It is likely to be a combination of some of these circumstances. Each migrant has a personal story to tell. The expectations of a better life do materialize, but not always. They may confront discrimination based upon skin colour, religion, how they dress or how they speak. They may suffer homelessness, unemployment and extreme poverty. Often they will move to areas where others of their nationality, race or religion live forming sub-communities. These sub-communities can be a source of support or a source of suppression and isolation. Migration is a key election issue in many countries in the developed world. Polarization between the left and right, often propagated by politicians and the media is widening. An example is Ukrainian refugees who fled following the full-scale invasion by Russia in 2022. According to figures Germany took in 1,217,680 Ukrainians, Poland 994,180, Czechia 374,310 and the United Kingdom 254,580. Despite widespread reports of how Ukrainians have assimilated well into their new societies, working, paying taxes and contributing to the overall economy, in some countries this initial honeymoon period has drawn to an end. Some media reports state that in several places Ukrainians are reporting the overall mood towards them has changed. In electioneering, particularly by growing far-right entities, migration and Ukrainians are a debate issue. When crimes are committed it is often in the first one or two sentences the nationality or ethnicity of the offender are broadcast. On 29 July 2024, a mass stabbing targeting young girls occurred at a dance studio in Southport, UK. A 17 year old black male born in Cardiff and of Rwandan Christian parents who migrated to the UK in 2002 was arrested. The day after the attack, rioters clashed with police and damaged a mosque after misinformation about the attacker\u27s identity was spread online. Over the next days, mass anti-immigration protests and riots spread nationwide. In order to counter such misinformation and protests, UK police now often release a suspect’s or offender’s details quickly, if such a release is deemed appropriate. Legal and illegal migration is now a 24/7 event. Networks, legal and illegal, are facilitating the movement of people. From a security perspective the challenges are many
Resilience among University Students: A Key Factor in Academic Success and Psychological Well-Being
No full textThis review examines the relationship between psychological factors and resilience among university students. The aim of this review is to explore the relationship between resilience and psychological factors affecting the academic performance of university students and to identify strategies that enhance both academic success and psychological well-being. The research methodology used is a literature review, with studies collected from scientific databases including Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Scopus, and Sage. Keywords used for the search included “resilience,” “university students,” “academic performance,” “mental health,” “coping strategies,” and “emotional intelligence.” Findings showed that students with higher resilience have better academic outcomes, including improved performance and persistence, and are more effective at managing academic stress. Resilience also supports psychological well-being by reducing anxiety, depression, and burnout, and enhancing emotional balance. Key contributors to resilience include self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, social support, and adaptive coping strategies. Interventions such as mindfulness, mentoring programs, and positive psychology practices strengthen resilience, promoting both academic success and psychological well-being
Nursing Leadership and Its Impact on Promoting Evidence-Based Practice: A Systematic Review
No full textNursing leadership plays a vital role in promoting evidence-based practice (EBP), directly influencing care quality and patient outcomes. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of nursing leadership on integrating EBP in hospitals worldwide. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, with searches in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science (2015–2025). Included were quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies in English that examined nurses’ role in EBP implementation. Studies without nurses or not reporting EBP approaches were excluded. Methodological quality was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists. From 1,246 identified references, 21 met inclusion criteria, involving over 5,000 participants. Results showed that transformational leadership, continuous mentorship, and institutional support significantly promote EBP adoption. Key strategies included professional training, skills development, clinical mentoring, and fostering an organizational culture that supports evidence-based decision-making. This review highlights nursing leadership as a crucial factor in advancing EBP in hospitals
Overview of cancer burden in Kosovo. Our data
No full textCancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, with 10 million deaths in 2020 attributed to cancer or one in six deaths. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) shoulder most of the cancer burden. Approximately 30 to 50% of cancers are currently preventable by avoiding risk factors and implementing existing evidence-based prevention strategies. The burden of cancer can also be reduced through early detection of cancers and appropriate treatment of cancer patients. Many cancers are highly curable if diagnosed early and treated appropriately. Late diagnosis in developing countries may be due to several reasons, ranging from the lack of screening programs for early detection and awareness-raising educational programs, the lack of or insufficient national population-based cancer registries, to the lack of or limited services for cancers in general. Since malignant diseases are also on the rise in the Republic of Kosovo, the design and implementation of prevention and early detection (screening) strategies would have a major effect on reducing cancer mortality at the national level. Data on malignant diseases were obtained from the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH), the hospital registry of the oncology clinic, the registry of the radiology clinic, and the Statistical Agency of Kosovo (SAK). These data were processed and compared over the years. The results show that there is a large difference between the data from ASK and the oncology clinic as the only center for the treatment of solid tumors in the country. Kosovo does not have a national screening for preventable cancers. A standardized and acceptable cancer registry with international European norms should be aimed for Kosovo. Without a proper cancer registry, in the absence of accurate data on the incidence of malignant diseases, mortality and service outcomes, it is impossible to understand the extent of the cancer problem in the country and to monitor changes in incidence and mortality, treatment and prevention programs
Ribosome Biogenesis, Function, and Therapeutic Targeting: From Cancer to Genetic Disease
No full textRibosome biogenesis and function are vital for cellular protein synthesis and are profoundly altered in cancer and various genetic diseases. Enhanced ribosome production and mutations in ribosomal proteins contribute to malignancy, positioning the ribosome as a promising therapeutic target. Advances in understanding ribosomal regulation, including the pivotal tumor suppressor p53, nonsense mutation readthrough therapies, and the impact of alternative splicing, have revealed new strategies for intervention in both cancer and rare ribosomopathies. Pharmacological inhibition of ribosome biogenesis, selective ribosome editing, and modulation of post-translational modifications offer potential to disrupt tumor proliferation or restore functional proteins in genetic disorders. Technologies like RiboScreen™ and targeted ligands exemplify innovative approaches to augment protein production or correct genetic defects, while studies also highlight the influence of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species on ribosomal integrity and disease progression. The integration of ribosometargeted therapies with insights into metabolic rewiring, stress responses, and epigenetic regulation underscores the need for precise, context-aware interventions. Ongoing research into ribosomal protein roles and modifications promises to advance both diagnostic practices and therapeutic development for cancer, inherited disorders, and metabolic disease
The Impact of Marketing and Accompanying Campaigns of the Golden Eagle Energy Drink on Consumer Choice of This Product and the Application of Machine Learning for Market Segmentation and Consumer Behavior Prediction
No full textIn the time we live, marketing has become part of our daily lives, so much so that when we go out on the street we see advertisements everywhere, when we enter social networks they appear as video spots for a few seconds, when we watch. TV they appear between shows, while recently it has also started to be applied in the GPS maps of certain cars. All this has made Marketing and its forms an integral part of business development. According to many marketing researchers before the 1950s, marketing was mainly used to identify strategies and tactics simply to sell more products and services and very little attention was paid to the desires of consumers. But after the 1950s, companies began to understand that the old way of selling had to change and so companies began to take into account the desires of consumers regarding the products and services offered. The findings from our research speak of a positive linear relationship between customers and subsequent marketing campaigns on customer loyalty and satisfaction. This whole relationship, with marketing as an intermediary between customers and the company, has contributed to the growth of sales and exports. When marketing campaigns are combined with philanthropy, social responsibility and sponsorships of sports clubs and cultural organizations, this has contributed to the growth of image and goodwill . The idea of combining social contributions, combined with sales marketing, has contributed to a solid increase of over 25% in sales, as it makes it possible for every consumer to be a donor to the foundation and to get to know the company. Other questions on sales forecasting based on advanced data methodology are clear indicators of how technology is now an integral part of marketing
International Financial Management Albania Exchange Rate Regimes
No full textThis research article presents Albania\u27s exchange rate regime from 1990 to 2024, with a particular emphasis on the evolution and modification of these regimes throughout time. It critically examines various exchange rate systems and evaluates their ramifications for the Albanian economy. The study looks at significant economic and political changes, particularly moments of crisis, and assesses their impact on exchange rate stability and the larger financial system. The relationship of exchange rate regimes and financial sector performance, notably stock exchange and monetary flows, receives special emphasis. This study also investigates country-specific risk, with a full analysis of Albania\u27s political risk variables and their direct and indirect impact on the value and volatility of the national currency. The research process comprises the utilization of primary, secondary, and tertiary sources, providing a general view of the issue. This study intends to contribute to a better understanding of the role exchange rate regimes play in determining macroeconomic outcomes in small, transitional economies like Albania by combining historical trends, theoretical frameworks, and empirical data. Author (2025), states: ‘Every country varies from another country, even country varies for itself in different period/year, therefore the changes are evident, but flowing with the changes is when the country it can demolish crisis and establish a progress and a stability of its country economy and of-course its currency.
The Impact of Regulatory Reform on Microfinance Performance and Protection in Kosovo
No full textThis research employs a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to examine how the quality of regulation affects the financial performance of non-bank microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Kosovo. The qualitative part reviews laws, institutional reports, and recent literature. It identifies regulatory gaps that come from divided responsibilities between the Central Bank of Kosovo (CBK) and the NGO Registration Office. These gaps weaken supervision and reduce client protection. The quantitative part introduces a new measure, the Regulatory Quality Index (RegIndex). This index is based on three elements: transparency in effective interest rates, the presence of independent audits, and clarity of supervisory mandates. Using quarterly data from 2019 to 2023, the study finds that higher regulatory quality is positively and significantly related to the return on average assets (ROAA). This result suggests that stronger regulation helps improve the financial sustainability of MFIs.The research also compares Kosovo with Tunisia, Peru, the Philippines, and Uganda to draw lessons about unified supervision, consumer protection, and digital transformation. The findings show the need to align financial and social objectives, including gender inclusion and rural outreach. The study recommends closer supervisory integration and the adoption of international standards for consumer and digital finance regulation
Estimating Informal Economic Activity through Import- Income Gaps: A Structural Approach Applied to Kosovo and Albania
No full textThis paper introduces a groundbreaking macroeconomic approach for assessing the size of the informal economy by examining the gap between the value of imported consumer products and the officially documented income streams, such as wages, remittances, and transfers. Focusing on Kosovo and Albania—two nations in the Western Balkans that significantly depend on remittances and feature a substantial informal sector—this model leverages publicly available macroeconomic data to estimate the level of informal economic activity. The proposed method is embedded within the current literature on shadow economy estimations and serves as a complementary option to traditional structural equation models and labor force surveys. The paper presents a robust theoretical basis, offers conceptual rationale, and conducts a comparative analysis with pertinent literature to contextualize this method within the larger framework of development economics and the challenges of institutional quality. This framework could prove to be a vital tool for policymakers and development organizations operating in regions with limited data resources
Impact and Prospects of ICT as a Source of Economic Growth in the Information Age
No full textThe paper present mainly aims to analyze and emphasizes the ways in which intellectual property rights affect options and prospects for development, particularly in implementing new business models, exploiting new markets and exploring new avenues of economic growth in the information era is fundamental to how effectively development goals can be pursued. Conversational issues such as database protection, emerging issues such as the appropriateness of business method patents, alternative proprietary models such as the Open Source movement, the prospects of copyright as tool for penetrating global markets in cultural goods and the importance of e-commerce as a means of simulating economic growth are considered by this paper. It is certainly the ubiquitousness of information technologies provides a universal context to examine the backward looking question of how to rethink and the forward looking question of how new technology can be deployed to generate new revenue streams and stimulate entrepreneurial activity