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Forecasting Developments in the Agricultural Sector in Kosovo through Machine Learning
No full textThe agricultural sector represents a vital pillar for economic development and food security in Kosovo, constantly facing complex challenges that require innovative approaches to strategic planning. This paper provides an in-depth analysis and forecasts for the performance of this sector until 2030, applying advanced data science techniques. Using a comprehensive dataset covering the period 2007–2023, the study integrates key agricultural indicators, macroeconomic variables and climate data to model the dynamics of the sector. The initial phase of the work included a rigorous process of data preparation, moving from their cleaning and transformation, to normalization and selection of the most influential features through principal component analysis, in order to increase the accuracy of the models. At the core of this study lies the application of a hybrid methodology. Sophisticated machine learning models, namely XGBoost and Random Forest, known for their high performance in predictive tasks with complex data, were built and evaluated. In addition, the ARIMA statistical model, specialized in time series analysis, was used to capture trends and seasonality in historical data. By combining these approaches, the study generates robust forecasts for the period 2024–2030. The results of this research provide a solid basis for informed decision-making, supporting public institutions, agricultural organizations and private investors in designing effective policies and adapting to future challenges, such as climate change and the need for a sustainable development of Kosovo agriculture
An Empirical Analysis of Requirements for an Automated ELearning Platform: The Case of Teachers in Kosova
No full textThis paper examines the need for developing an automated e-learning platform that supports adaptive learning for students in Kosovo. Using a mixed-methods approach—both quantitative and qualitative—the responses of 50 teachers were analyzed to understand their perceptions and the challenges associated with using platforms such as Google Classroom, Moodle, and Zoom. The findings indicate that, although there is significant potential to enhance teaching practices, key obstacles remain, including low student engagement and technological difficulties. The study suggests the development of a personalized platform powered by artificial intelligence to improve student participation and the overall effectiveness of distance learning
The Role of Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Management of Temporomandibular Disorders
No full textTemporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common conditions often associated with pain, limited mandibular function, and reduced quality of life. Conventional treatments, including splint therapy and physiotherapy, frequently provide only partial relief. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has recently emerged as a promising adjunctive approach due to its biostimulatory, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. This abstract aims to present the potential role of LLLT in TMD management. A review of recent clinical studies indicates that LLLT can reduce pain intensity, improve joint mobility, and enhance patient comfort with minimal adverse effects. The mechanism involves photobiomodulation, leading to improved microcirculation and modulation of inflammatory mediators. While current evidence supports its clinical effectiveness, further randomized controlled trials with standardized parameters are necessary to validate optimal protocols. LLLT represents a safe, non-invasive, and innovative tool that can be integrated into general dental practice for the management of TMD
The Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on Oral Health
No full textElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been marketed as a less harmful alternative to traditional tobacco products, with their use increasing rapidly, particularly among younger populations. While much of the focus has been on their systemic effects, their direct impact on oral health is gaining attention due to the exposure of the oral mucosa and periodontal tissues to vaporized substances. This study aims to evaluate the potential effects of e-cigarette use on oral health, focusing on the chemical constituents in the vapor and their effects on oral cells, gingival tissue, bone structure, and wound healing. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, and ResearchGate. The review considered clinical and experimental studies published between 2015 and 2025 to examine current findings related to the oral health effects of ecigarettes. While e-cigarettes are widely perceived as a less harmful option than traditional smoking, their use still poses risks to oral health. Exposure to chemicals such as nicotine, flavoring agents, and thermal degradation products can lead to significant damage to the oral mucosa and supporting dental tissues. Long-term, well-controlled studies are needed to fully understand the extent of these risks and to develop clear clinical guidelines for oral health management in e-cigarette users
AI in Dentistry: Human Insight Powered by Intelligent Tools
No full textArtificial intelligence is shifting routine dentistry from manual interpretation to datadriven care. Vision algorithms now screen panoramic and cone-beam CT images in seconds, flagging caries, periapical lesions, and anatomical landmarks with specialist-level accuracy. Predictive models merge these findings with electronic records to forecast implant stability or periodontal risk before symptoms arise, enabling earlier, patient-specific interventions. Realworld studies report shorter chair time, more consistent diagnoses, and clearer patient communication when dentists use AI-annotated images at the point of care. Progress brings responsibility. Models trained on narrow datasets can overlook certain ages or anatomies; performance may drift as imaging protocols evolve; and the large data volumes involved demand strict privacy safeguards. Continuous local validation, bias monitoring, and transparent reporting are therefore essential. Evidence to date supports a clear conclusion: a dentist allied with well-governed AI delivers faster, more precise, and more consistent care than a dentist working alone. By embracing AI as a tool while preserving human judgment, empathy, and accountability, clinics can advance diagnosis, prevention, and patient trust without compromising ethical standards or clinical autonomy
Causes of Endodontic Treatment Failure
No full textEndodontic treatment is considered a highly predictable procedure for preserving teeth affected by pulpal and periapical diseases. Nevertheless, treatment failure remains a clinical challenge, often leading to persistent symptoms or tooth loss. Identifying the underlying causes is crucial to improving prognosis.This review is based on an analysis of current literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar (2010–2024), focusing on clinical trials, systematic reviews, and case reports addressing causes of endodontic treatment failure.The main factors associated with failure include inadequate cleaning and disinfection of root canals, complex canal morphology, incomplete instrumentation, and insufficient obturation. Other contributing elements are coronal leakage, vertical root fractures, persistent bacterial infections (notably Enterococcus faecalis), and misdiagnosis. Studies report failure rates ranging from 10–20% depending on technique and follow-up period.A comprehensive understanding of the biological, anatomical, and technical causes of endodontic failure is essential for prevention. The adoption of modern instrumentation systems, improved irrigation protocols, use of bioceramic sealers, and proper coronal restoration significantly enhance the long-term success of endodontic therapy
Comparison of the coronal sealing ability of root canal sealers using the bacterial leakage method
No full textA three-dimensional obturation and complete coronal seal is one the important aims of root canal treatment. Aim of the study to compare the sealing ability of two different instrumentation techniques and two endodontic sealers Canason and AH 26. Materials and methods: In this study were teste 68 human teeth. Teeth were instrumented with two different technique step-back and crown-down and irrigated with 2% NaOCl and 17% EDTA. After instrumentation roots were divided into 4 groups, 2 control groups (positive and negative) and 2 experimental groups according to root canal sealer: first group (32 teeth) were obturated with Canason and second group (32 teeth) were obturated with AH 26. These groups (1st and 2nd) were further subdivided into two subgroups (a and b) according to the root canal instrumentation technique. After one week, bacteria leakage was tested using a two-chamber method. The coronal portions of the root canal filling materials were placed in contact with E. Faecalis. Specimens were monitored every 24 hours for 33 days. Results: According to our study there were significant difference between subgroups obturated with Canason vs AH 26 and instrumented with step-back technique. Between subgroups obturated with Canason vs AH 26 and instrumented with crown-down there were no significant difference. Conclusion: Canason and AH 26 selaers have similar coronal sealing ability
The Impact of Short-Form Videos on Preschool Children’s English Language Acquisition- A small scale research study in Kamenica
No full textThis study explores the influence of short-form video content (e.g., YouTube Shorts, TikTok, Instagram Reels) on preschool children’s English language acquisition in Kosovo. With the increasing use of digital media by young children, understanding its role in language development is crucial. The study aims to identify whether exposure to short-form videos contributes positively or negatively to children’s vocabulary, pronunciation, and motivation in learning English. Data will be collected through a questionnaire distributed to 30 parents of preschool children in Kamenica. The findings will provide insights into the educational potential and risks of digital media in early childhood language development
Intercultural Competence Through ELT: Reflections on Classroom Practice Case Study: Public International Business College- Mtirovica, Kosovo
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to examine how English Language Teaching (ELT) can serve as a platform for fostering intercultural awareness among higher education students. A range of classroom activities is highlighted relying on the author’s reflective teaching practice at the Public International Business College in Mitrovica, Kosovo. These activities are designed to further raise cultural awareness, empathy, and global communication skills. The paper presents practical examples of how to integrate intercultural themes into reading, writing, and discussion tasks based on informal student feedback. It also explores the benefits: openness and collaboration as well as the challenges encountered. This, additionally, includes cultural misunderstandings and limited resources. The findings reveal that ELT classrooms are a valuable asset for developing intercultural competence. This further indicates that even smallscale efforts can lead to student growth. The paper concludes by encouraging teachers to integrate culturally responsive strategies into their language teaching practices
How AI is Changing the Field of Design
No full textGenerative design technology, powered by AI, is already shifting the role of the designer— from that of a producer or creator to that of a curator. For designers with strong critical thinking skills, well-developed analytical capabilities, and confidence in framing complex problems, this technology is quickly becoming an asset. For those who rely primarily on technical execution and require detailed design briefs to be provided to them, this technology is now becoming a detriment. In this talk, Prof. Gjoko Muratovski will discuss how to use AI effectively to futureproof design careers and enhance the ability to drive design-led innovation