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Clear Aligners and CAD/CAM Technology: A Digital Approach to Ortho-Prosthetic Treatment – Case Presentations
No full textThe rapid advancements in digital dentistry have paved the way for a more adequate and efficient approach to orthodontic–prosthetic treatment. The use of clear aligners in combination with CAD/CAM technology has transformed treatment planning, patient communication, and clinical management of cases requiring a multidisciplinary approach. This technology enables precise coordination between orthodontic tooth movements and the design of prosthetic restorations, ensuring optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes. Digitalization has facilitated the application of intraoral scanning, orthodontic treatment planning with aligner software, 3D printing, as well as the design and fabrication of prosthetic restorations using CAD/CAM technology. This paper presents clinical cases in which a standardized workflow was applied. Initially, a clinical examination was conducted to assess the case, followed by orthodontic treatment with clear aligners. Upon achieving the final orthodontic outcome (controlled tooth or arch movements), the workflow continued with prosthetic rehabilitation, where high-quality aesthetic zirconia crowns and bridges were fabricated. Based on the treated clinical cases, we can conclude that the integration of digital technology has ensured very accurate treatment, superior functional and aesthetic outcomes
Comparison of Fracture Strength and Fracture Type in Endodontically Treated Maxillary Canines Restored with Zirconia and Fiber Posts
No full textEndodontically treated teeth are more susceptible to both biological and mechanical failure and have a higher risk of fracture compared to vital teeth. Reinforcement using post-andcore restorations followed by full-coverage crowns is an integral part of restorative dental practice. The aim of this study was to compare the fracture strength of endodontically treated maxillary canines restored with zirconia and fiber posts and to evaluate the type of fracture. In this in vitro study, sixty extracted maxillary canine teeth were selected. The crowns were sectioned 2 mm above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), and all teeth underwent standard endodontic treatment. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 was restored with fiber posts, and Group 2 with zirconia posts. After appropriate preparation, the posts were cemented using adhesive resin cement, and ceramic crowns were placed as definitive restorations. The specimens were subjected to compressive loading using a Universal Testing Machine (Matest) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, applied at an angle of 130° to the long axis of the root, until fracture occurred. Statistical analysis was performed using Levene\u27s test and independent T-test, with Fisher’s exact test applied to assess differences in fracture types. The level of significance was set at P \u3c 0.05. The mean fracture strength in Group 1 (fiber post) and Group 2 (zirconia post) was 686.13 N ± 301.37 and 459.06 N ± 178.80, respectively (P \u3c 0.05). In Group 1, 40% of fractures occurred in the apical and middle thirds of the root, while in Group 2, all fractures were confined to the incisal third. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that fiber posts provide a more durable option compared to zirconia post reconstructions, requiring significantly greater force to cause fracture. Additionally, the fracture pattern observed in the fiber post group suggests more favorable outcomes in terms of tooth preservation
Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) Platforms into Project-Based Learning (PBL) in High School Mathematics
No full textThis descriptive information research paper examines the use of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in high school mathematics, with a particular focus on the emerging integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) platforms and tools to enhance learning and instruction. Through a comprehensive literature review and analysis of selected PBL math projects, the study explores how real-world, student-centered problem solving can be supported by AI-driven technologies such as intelligent tutoring systems, adaptive learning platforms, and data analysis tools. Observing math projects for high school students as a qualitative research method offers rich, in-depth insights into both student learning and teaching practices, particularly in innovative settings like AI-infused PBL. Findings indicate that PBL fosters critical thinking, collaboration, and deeper conceptual understanding, while AI can provide personalized feedback, scaffold learning, and facilitate data-driven project design. The research also addresses challenges including digital literacy, equitable access, and teacher preparedness. By synthesizing academic research and reviewing practical examples, this study offers insights into how PBL, combined with AI, can transform the teaching and learning of mathematics in secondary education
Cultural aspects of language heritage use and preservation: The impact of bilingualism on identity and social integration
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the influence of proficiency in two or more languages on forming individual identity and social integration. To achieve this goal, a methodology was employed that was based on an analysis of the cultural aspects of bilingualism and an exploration of strategies for preserving cultural values in a linguistic environment. The article delved into the cultural facets of bilingualism in detail, specifically strategies for preserving linguistic heritage and the interaction between ethnic groups in multilingual settings. The paper also considered multinational marriages as one aspect that influences cultural heritage and bilingualism. Multinational marriages can contribute to the preservation and development of the diversity of linguistic experiences within a family. The study examined how multinational marriages impact the choice of languages used within the family, and how this affects the identity and social integration of children growing up in such families. The findings of this study demonstrated that bilingual individuals possess a deeper understanding of cultural diversity, fostering more profound intercultural interactions and integration among various ethnic groups within society. Research has revealed that bilingual individuals exhibit more developed competencies and a higher level of adaptability in diverse cultural contexts. The results underscored the significance of supporting and promoting bilingualism as a tool for preserving cultural diversity and facilitating social integration. The findings of this study can be applied to educational programs, government and non-profit policies for preserving minority languages and social integration, as well as in international initiatives aimed at preserving linguistic diversity
A Corpus Study of Prepositions in English – With A Focus On “Above” and “Over”
No full textThis research project focuses on investigating the use of prepositions in general and with a narrow focus on over and above in the Corpus of Contemporary American English, respectively the frequency and collocations of these two prepositions in the mentioned corpus. It also deals with the issue of whether students of Bachelor and Master Level of University of Prishtina are aware of the differences and similarities between these two prepositions. Charts and tables with results from the corpus and the test delivered to students were presented in order to get a clearer view of what has been investigated. The text types in which these two prepositions are most frequently used were presented in charts, and also the most frequent collocations of both prepositions were analyzed in order to come to conclusion whether these two prepositions may be interchangeable in some sentences without losing their meaning. Also, the answers of students presented in charts show that some students are not aware regarding the correct use of these prepositions and a great number of them are not aware of cases when they may be interchangeable. Considering the importance of corpora nowadays, the outcomes of this research will allow English teachers and students to be aware of the use of these two prepositions, cases when they can and cannot be interchangeable
Classroom Management in the 21st Century: A Qualitative Review Across Higher Education Contexts
No full textThis qualitative review explores how classroom management has evolved in 21stcentury higher education, emphasizing global trends, local implications, and practical recommendations for transitional systems like Kosovo. By synthesizing 15 qualitative and mixed-method studies published between 2012 and 2025, the study examines how management practices are reshaped by digitalization, massification, and student autonomy. Findings reveal that classroom management in higher education has moved beyond control toward coconstructed engagement, with technology and class size emerging as key mediators. The paper argues that managing learning today means managing relationships, attention, and space. It concludes with recommendations for institutional support, pedagogical redesign, and future research directions linking classroom management to sustainable quality education
Impact of chemical parameters on surface water quality in Prizren and sources of pollution
No full textOur study investigates several chemical indicators of pollution whose parameters have negative impacts on surface water quality in Prizren, focusing on several seasonal months and identifying pollution sources. During a one-year period, water samples were taken at key locations, in the Lumbardh River of Prizren, to analyze several parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS). Surface water quality is subject to more frequent pollution of these parameters especially in different months of the year and were closely monitored to understand their impact on water quality during droughts. The study reveals that in addition to the source in all other locations, rural, industrial, urban runoff, domestic waste and agricultural runoff are among the most important contributors to the pollution of surface waters of the Lumbardh River. It was also observed that water quality deteriorates especially during the driest season of the year, with significantly higher concentrations of pollutants, while in the months where water flows were higher as a result of rains, pollution concentrations lead to temporary improvements due to their dilution. This research raises the need for society for better and sustainable practices in surface water management, in their treatment as well as stricter regulations in pollution control to protect surface water resources in Prizren
The study of landscape composition and plant vegetation in protected areas in Kosovo
No full textIn the Republic of Kosovo, the number of protected areas is 248 and they cover 126,023.2 ha or 11.5% of the surface area of Kosovo. Based on the Law on Nature Protection in Kosovo (Law no. 03/L333), the classification of protected areas has been made and they are in harmony with the criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). From biodiversity studies in Kosovo, about 1800 species of vascular flora have been inventoried. However, it is thought that this number is larger, reaching up to about 2500 species. The centers of development and growth of biodiversity in Kosovo are Mali Sharr and Bjeshket e Nemuna .The purpose of this study was to to identify the diversity of plant species in natural forest reserve \u27Blinaja\u27 in Lipjan Republic of Kosovo. The legal basis in the Republic of Kosovo for the protection of nature and biodiversity is determined by Law No. 03/L-233 of 2010 on the Protection of Nature. This law regulates the protection, conservation and sustainable use of nature and its resources, aiming to reduce overexploitation and endangerment of species of flora and fauna, in particular those that are rare and endangered, as well as their habitats. The Strategy and Action Plan for Biodiversity drafted in Kosovo 2016 - 2020 is considered the main document for the protection of nature and biodiversity. Natural forest reserve \u27Blinaja\u27 is the foundation of biodiversity and extends to three municipalities in Kosovo, that of Lipjan, Shtime and Drenas, with an area of 2795 ha. Landscape and vegetation of the Republic of Kosovo includes:woody plant species, shrubs, coniferous, herbaceous vegetation, climbing, medicinal and aromatic plants, Aquatic, bulbous and succulent plants
The Role of the Media in Health Education and Disease Prevention
No full textThis study examines the role of media in health education and disease prevention through a combined approach of literature review and empirical analysis. The survey was conducted through a structured questionnaire administered to a representative sample of 160 people. The data showed that 91.7% consider media an influential factor in shaping their health behaviors, while 85% reported making significant health-related decisions—such as visiting a doctor or changing dietary habits—based on information obtained from media sources. Social media (45%) and online portals (35%) emerged as the dominant channels for accessing health information. Despite a high perceived level of trustworthiness (48.5% considered media content as “very reliable”), concerns about misinformation persist, with 13.3% of respondents expressing doubts about the media\u27s effectiveness in curbing the spread of false health information. These findings underscore the dual role of media as both in education and a potential risk factor in public health communication. The study highlights the urgent need for collaboration between media professionals and healthcare experts to ensure the accurate, scientific, and ethical dissemination of information. The conclusions support the enhancement of media literacy and strategic communication as vital tools for improving public health
Economic Importance and Potential of Food Industry Waste Valorization for Functional Product Development
No full textIn the era of sustainable development, valorization of food industry waste has gained particular importance as a strategy to reduce environmental pollution and promote a circular economy. This study investigates the potential of transforming industrial and organic food waste into functional products with added value. A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was implemented, using a structured questionnaire distributed electronically via Google Forms to 322 respondents representing consumers and food industry stakeholders in Kosovo. Data were analyzed to assess awareness, attitudes, and acceptance toward products derived from food waste. Processing techniques including mechanical, chemical, and biological recycling were explored, alongside the role of innovation in design and technology to ensure functional and sustainable outcomes. The study focuses particularly on waste generated from fruits, vegetables, cereals, dairy, and meat products. Efficient utilization of these wastes offers potential for sustainable development, creating bioactive compounds such as dietary fibers, proteins, antioxidants, and nutraceuticals. Findings indicate significant opportunities for Kosovo, highlighting economic benefits, resource conservation, promotion of circular economy principles, and the provision of healthier consumer alternatives. The study emphasizes the importance of supportive policies, ethical research practices, and investment in technology to ensure quality, safety, and sustainability of products. These results contribute to advancing sustainable practices in the agri-food sector and promoting a greener regional economy