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Review of Neural Network Model in Prediction of Real Estate Prices at Global Level
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to understand the importance of real estate evaluation, having into account the fact that it is quite necessary in the evaluation of the real estate valuation, and because it contributes to the regional economy of each country. This is a topic of great importance which must be studied carefully since it contains many individual subjective criteria, which often results in variations, and which make traditional evaluation methods inadequate.This paper aims to understand the complexity of real estate valuation, presenting and analyzing carefully the advantages of the neural network, which is known as one of the newest model of real estate valuation. In this paper, a continuous literature review was used, which helped us to compare traditional methods and neural network methods, as well as to prove that the neural network model is better than the previous traditional model. This work opens up a new and better understanding to the principle of real estate evaluation. Another purpose is to estimate real estate prices based on neural neural network models. Moreover, some features affecting the real estate value have been determined. Therefore, the valuation process also brings a level of uncertainty to the valuers and real estate developers. With the advancement of artificial intelligence, respectively neural network, it has become necessary to use these techniques to predict the real estate prices more precisely . These neural networks are trained to make a proper assessment because the results show an improvement of real estate evaluation, based on a listing price of housing market. The results can be promising and consistent with contemporary findings; however, the worst-case performance of patterns can make them unsuitable for many purposes. As a working methodology, this research used a continous literature review at the global level, using the analytical, descriptive and comparative approach
Public Debt Management in North Macedonia: Challenges and Opportunities in the Context of EU Accession
No full textThe public debt represent an issue that is constantly discussed in different levels in the societies and herein, as a phenomenon provokes greater interest and capture considerable attention. Whereas, the governments continuously adopt different strategies and pursue various trends in management of the public debt. The purpose of this research paper is to comprehensively analyze the alignment of the public debt management strategy of North Macedonia with the fiscal convergence criteria for EU accession and its impact on fiscal discipline. Likewise, conduct thorough review and assessment of country’s latest strategies in debt management and see what reforms are further needed to ensure full compliance with EU fiscal rules. The analysis of the fiscal indicators, the public debt and budget deficit provide an outlook on the country’s historical and current performance in public financial management. For this purpose are used secondary data from respective institution and reviewed reports from different international bodies. Later, several conclusions and recommendations are drawn in direction of ensuring better public debt management in North Macedonia towards accession into the European Union
Defending Your Brand from AI Misuse: A Practical Playbook Against Image/Video Deepfakes in the Age of Sora2 & WAN2
No full textAdvances in generative models—such as WAN 2.x for photorealistic imagery and Sora 2–class video systems—enable low-cost, high-fidelity synthetic media that can impersonate executives, fabricate ads, or stage brand incidents in minutes. This practitioner session delivers a concrete defense playbook for SMEs and media teams operating in Kosovo and Albania. We begin with a threat model for marketing and commerce: executive impersonation, fake promotions, counterfeit product videos, and manipulated “news.” We then present prevention controls: brand-asset governance, account hardening (2FA, role separation), content provenance (C2PA-style manifests), watermarking where supported, and “red-flag” policies for UGC. For detection, we combine operational checks (source triangulation, context consistency, metadata capture) with practical tooling: frame-level artifacts, audio-lip sync drift cues, reverse-image/video search, and model-agnostic classifiers—always with a human-in-theloop to avoid over-reliance on detectors. Finally, we detail an incident runbook tailored to Balkan realities: evidence logging, platform takedown flows, legal notifications, and a transparent comms template that limits amplification while restoring trust. We propose a minimal KPI set (MTTD/MTTR, takedown rate, false-positive cost) and a 30-day readiness plan covering training and tabletop drills. Attendees leave with checklists, policy templates, and a 48-hour response workflow they can adopt immediately
The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance
No full textTransformational leadership is one of the most influential leadership models, directly affecting employee motivation, engagement, and performance, and playing a key role in organizational success. This study examines its impact in Kosovo and Albania, focusing on its application across both public and private sectors. Drawing on the four core dimensions of transformational leadership-idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration-the research investigates their relationship with employee outcomes such as job satisfaction, productivity, and organizational commitment. The study employs a quantitative approach, using a Likert-scale questionnaire administered to employees in various organizations. Statistical methods, including correlation and regression analysis, were applied to test hypotheses and evaluate the significance of leadership components on performance indicators. The results show that transformational leadership has a significant positive effect on productivity, innovation, satisfaction, and well-being. Furthermore, sectoral comparison highlights that its impact is stronger in the private sector, where organizational flexibility allows for higher levels of innovation and engagement, while public sector effects remain moderate due to structural and bureaucratic constraints. The study concludes that investing in transformational leadership practices can enhance employee motivation and organizational performance. It recommends that organizations in both countries strengthen leadership training and development programs, while policy frameworks should encourage supportive environments that foster vision, innovation, and long-term sustainability
Advancing Green Finance for Sustainable Development in Kosovo: Lessons and Regional Perspectives
No full textGreen finance is emerging as a key driver for sustainable development worldwide. This study examines its potential to accelerate Kosovo’s transition to a low-carbon, resilient economy. Drawing on international literature, illustrative case studies, and a 71% response survey from ministries, the EBRD, and commercial banks, the research identifies promising opportunities in renewable energy, energy efficiency, and circular economy initiatives. At the same time, institutional and regulatory barriers are highlighted, emphasizing the need for stronger governance, technical capacity, and cross-sector collaboration. Beyond national insights, the study extracts lessons relevant for neighboring countries, providing actionable guidance for policymakers and financial institutions aiming to embed green finance into development strategies. By exploring both opportunities and constraints, this research demonstrates how targeted financial mechanisms can effectively support environmental objectives while fostering economic resilience. Furthermore, it contributes to the regional discourse by emphasizing Kosovo’s emerging role in advancing sustainable finance within the Western Balkans
Acting, Drama and Theatre as a Medium
No full textThis article has a target to explore the broad and analytical perspective of the relationship between acting, drama and theatre as communicative media with the reader and also the viewer. As well the revolution of acting requires a new system of study, where such as other things we seek to understand new development such as the relationship between actor and audience, written drama and reader theatre and stage, stage manipulation in performance surprise and error as innovative aspects of the deeper scientific discovery of this report. We consider that in this article we attempt to discuss the possibility of organizing the experiences and concepts of modern times on acting, written drama and theatre, as well as the freedom in the methodology of improvisation and real-time composition, which has revolutionized the traditional theatre and literary system. In any case, we will analyze the contemporary artistic object from performative practice, taking into account the thematic analysis of war, where I think that the relationship between actor, drama and theater is more powerful and more pronounced for sure. And also roles were different, they were not simply played but were given contexts, motives were given, also the fear has been given, a bitter temporal reality was stamped through the artist, taking into account the reflective strategy of understanding acting as a material that provides support to the performer and the audience, at the same time, the performer, as a medium combined with movement, voice and gesture. It is an object that creates overlap between form, body and duration. We propose the analysis of a case study, where the artistic object is considered as acting, that is, as a result of the register of scenic movement and voice of the character as a visual entity, as an object of change, a game that offers a new reading of acting theater and drama
The Comic and Humorous Element in Acting
No full textTo write and analyze about comedy, about the aesthetic category of the comic even about humor, means to write about human orienting in the world. especially in the theater. I believe tha one of the main theories of writing is that it is most difficult to write a comedy, and it is even more difficult to write about comedy. So now the answer to the simple question “Why is it so?” well these lies at the heart of man’s attitude towards laughter humor and also at playfulness. That is why books that skillfully speak about the comic are so rare. Six of the chapters in the book are titled: On the Comic , On Comedy , On Black Humor , On Writers - with a Little Help from Black Humor , On Irony and On Art - with a Little Help from an Ironical Dialogue . All this playfulness non logic, which I have also called the strange the illustration of the comic, shows us what kind of book and what kind of author it really is. Therefore, I truly believe that this work is the answer to the most of the questions of actors, playwrights, playwrights, directors, students, viewers, readers related to comedy and the comic itself
Physical Fitness of an Active Soldier: A Case Study
No full textThe aim of this case study is to document and evaluate the rehabilitation and longterm functional recovery of a 26-year-old active-duty soldier after a Grade II left hamstring strain, with specific focus on post-injury physical level and return-to-duty readiness. The study assesses the effectiveness of a structured physiotherapy protocol and quantifies postrehabilitation outcomes using objective performance tools. Methods: Case Study Report model. A three-month, phase-based rehabilitation program was implemented, including progressive strength, mobility, and neuromuscular training. The client’s progress was monitored through subjective reports and clinical assessments. One-year postinjury, functional outcomes were evaluated using the Optojump system (including countermovement, squat, and continuous jump tests) and Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) torque-angle testing to assess eccentric strength and asymmetry Results: Post-rehabilitation testing indicated strong vertical jump performance, good postural control, and improved functional mobility. However, endurance tests revealed declining performance over repeated efforts, and Nordic testing showed mild eccentric strength asymmetry between the injured and uninjured legs. A 449.8 N·m torque difference and biomechanical imbalance were noted in the left hamstring, indicating incomplete strength recovery despite functional gains Conclusion: The rehabilitation protocol effectively restored functional capacity and allowed return to high-level physical activity. However, persistent eccentric strength deficits highlight the need for long-term follow-up and continued eccentric loading to prevent reinjury. This case emphasizes the value of tailored rehabilitation and objective performance testing in managing hamstring injuries in tactical athletes
The role of Enviroinmetal policies in protecting air quality in Kosovo
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to study the role of environmental policies for the protection of air quality in the Republic of Kosovo and its harmonization with the acquis Communautaire of the European Union. Air pollution is an urgent global environmental challenge with far-reaching consequences for human health and well-being. The increase in the number of inhabitants in urban centers in Kosovo has also directly influenced the increase in environmental pollution. The objective of this research was to study the policies for the protection of air quality as one of the important problems in the Republic of Kosovo and their harmonization with the European Union policies on air, The paper is based on the qualitative method which is based on the collection and processing of data focused on the legal basis and institutional policies for air quality in the Republic of Kosovo. For the monitoring of air quality in Kosovo there are 12 fixed monitoring stations and one mobile station. The Hydrometeorological Institute of Kosovo monitors air quality and all data are accessible in real time. Currently, the largest contributors to air pollution in Kosovo are stationary and mobile sources, sources in urban areas, major energy production areas and industrial areas. Respecting and implementing international air quality standards strengthens Kosovo\u27s image, protects the health of citizens, meets environmental criteria, and the role of environmental policies is considered important
Environmental Security
No full textFrom 2015 to 2018 Cape Town, South Africa, experienced a prolonged drought bringing the city close to ‘Day Zero’, a tipping-point when municipal water supplies would fall below critical and residential water service would be cut. Through implementing extensive measures this was averted, however, it did highlight many disparities between rich and poor. The UN warns that in 15 years, by 2040, about 40% of people worldwide may face severe water scarcity. Could Kosovo and the rest of the Western Balkans face ‘Day Zero’? Leakages or water technical losses in the Western Balkans through the distribution network is high, mainly due to ageing infrastructure, lack of investments, urbanization and population growth and migrations. In March 2022 Albania’s state power utility halted 11 of 13 electricity turbines at hydropower plants due to scarcity of water. Albania covered the cost of importing power from the state budget, reportedly injecting around 550 million Euros to cover imported electricity. Bosnia and Herzegovina is well-documented for serious environmental waterway concerns and a report stated the city of Sarajevo loses up to 80% of drinking water supplies due to neglected infrastructure and mismanagement. The Regulatory Water Authority in Pristina, Kosovo, stated that clean water leaked throughout the distribution system cannot be measured but is approximated through non-revenue water. This is the amount of water billed to the amount of water supplied. In 2021 non-revenue water was calculated to 58% in Pristina alone. This equated to 575 litres lost per person per day in the capital. An Olympic size swimming pool holds around 2,500 m3 of water. The equivalent of 9,600 Olympic sized swimming pools is lost per year, just in Pristina. For the entirety of Kosovo in 2021 the approximated calculation of non-revenue water was 86.1 million m³, the equivalent of 34,440 Olympic sized swimming pools. This is water collected, processed and pumped into the distribution chain without ever reaching end-users. Using these figures as comparisons, if research, investment and innovation reduced water loss in Pristina alone by just 25% this would be an annual financial cost saving of €2.7 million. Multiply this with other cities in Kosovo and the Western Balkans and the rewards are staggering. It needs to be recognized and actioned that water is a shrinking asset to be future-proofed