Acta Medica Indonesiana – The Indonesian Journal of Internal Medicine
Not a member yet
772 research outputs found
Sort by
Parameters Affecting Length of Stay Among Neurosurgical Patients in an Intensive Care Unit
Get PDFAim: to determine the predictive factors on the length of stay of neurosurgical patients in the ICU setting. Methods: all patients admitted to the neurosurgical ICU between February 1 and July 31, 2011 were recruited. Patient demographics and clinical data for each variable were collected within 30 minutes of admission. The ICU length of stay was recorded and analyzed by linear regression model with statistical significance at p-value <0.05. Results: there were 276 patients admitted, of whom 89.1% were elective cases. The mean (95% CI) and median (min-max) of ICU length of stay were 2.36 (2.09-2.63) and 2 (1-25) days. The variables associated with ICU length of stay and their percent change (95% CI) were the Glasgow Coma Scale motor subscore (GCSm), 6.72% (-11.20 to -2.01) lower for every 1 point score change; blood pH, 1.16% (0.11 to 2.21) higher for every 0.01 unit change; and emergency admission type, 58.30% (29.16 to 94.0) higher as compared to elective admission. Conclusion: the GCSm, pH and emergency admission were found to be the main predictive variables of neurosurgical patient length of stay in the intensive care unit, however, the model should be further explored in a larger sample size and using subgroup analysis
Diagnostic Performance of Afternoon Urine Osmolality to Assess Optimal Hydration Status in an Adult Healthy Population
Get PDFBackground: optimal hydration represents adequate total daily fluid intake to compensate for daily water losses, ensure adequate urine output to reduce the risk of urolithiasis and renal function decline, and also avoid the production of arginine vasopressin (AVP). Twenty-four-hour urine osmolality has been used to assess hydration status, but it is challenging because of the possibility of spilling urine and limitation of daily activities. This study is aimed to determine the performance of the afternoon urine osmolality to assess the optimal hydration status compared with 24-hour urine osmolality. Methods: a cross sectional study was conducted on healthy employees aged 18-59 years at Universitas Indonesia Medical Faculty/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, with consecutive sampling method. The ROC curve was analyzed to obtain the optimal cut off point and the accuracy of the afternoon urine osmolality in assessing the optimal hydration status. Results: between August-September 2016 there were 120 subjects (73.8% female, median age 32 years) who met the study criteria with a median 24-hour urine osmolality 463.5 (95% CI, 136-1427) mOsm/kg H2O and median afternoon urine osmolality 513 (95% CI, 73-1267). We found moderate correlation (r=0.59; p<0.001) between afternoon urine osmolality and a 24-hour urine osmolality. Using ROC curve, the AUC value was 0.792 (95% CI, 0.708-0.875) with the cut off 528 mOsm/kg H2O. To assess the optimal hydration status, the afternoon urine osmolality had the sensitivity of 0.7 (95% CI, 0.585-0.795) and the specificity of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.626-0.857), Likelihood Ratio (LR) (+) 2.917 (95% CI, 1.74-4.889) and LR (-) 0.395 (95% CI, 0.267-0.583). Conclusion: afternoon urine osmolality can be used as a diagnostic tool to assess the optimal hydration status in healthy population with cut off 528 mOsm/kg H2O, sensitivity of 0.7, and specificity of 0.76
National Consensus on Management of Dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori Infection
Get PDFDyspepsia is one of numerous general complaints, which is commonly encountered by doctors of various disciplines. In daily practice, the complaint is not only limited for gastroenterologists. Knowledge on pathophysiology of dyspepsia have been developing continuously since a scientific investigation has been started in 1980’s, which considers Helicobacter pylori as one of key factor in managing dyspepsia, either it is associated with ulcer or non-ulcer. The management of dyspepsia cannot be separated from the management of H. pylori and there is an additional new knowledge associated with definition, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of both dyspepsia and H. pylori infection.This consensus document on the management of dyspepsia and H. pylori infection in Indonesia has been developed using the evidence-based medicine principles; therefore, it can be used as a reference for doctors in dealing with dyspepsia and H. pylori infection cases in their daily practice. It is expected that with the new consensus, doctors can provide greater service to their patients who have dyspepsia and H. pylori infection
Prevalence and Profile of Fibrosis in Diabetic Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Associated Factors
Get PDFBackground: the risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is increasing in patients with type-2 diabetes. Prevalence and factors related to the increased risk of NAFLD in diabetic patients in Indonesia has never been studied before. Data regarding the profile of fibrosis in the population has also been unknown. This study aimed to identify the difference on the profile of diabetic patients with and without NAFLD as well as the degree of fibrosis. Methods: the study was conducted using a cross-sectional method in type-2 diabetic patients who were treated at the outpatient clinic of endocrinology and metabolic division in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Sampling was done consecutively. Collected data comprised of age, duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, HDL, triglyceride, and HbA1C levels. Abdominal ultrasonography was conducted for all patients to determine the presence of NAFLD. Patients with NAFLD were subsequently underwent transient elastography in order to assess their degree of liver fibrosis. Chi-square or Fisher’s-Exact tests were used for bivariate analysis and logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results: as many as 186 patients were analyzed in the study and 84 patients (45.2%) were demonstrated to have NAFLD. Transient elastography examinations were carried out in 68 patients and 17 patients (25.0%) were found with severe fibrosis. Univariate analysis showed significant differences on BMI (PR=1.878; 95%CI= 1.296-2.721; p<0.001) and waist circumference (PR=2.368; 95%CI= 1.117-5.017; p=0.018) between patients with and without NAFLD. However, the multivariate test showed that BMI was the only factor that had a significance difference between both groups (OR=2.989; 95%CI=1.625-5.499; p<0.001). Conclusion: prevalence of NAFLD among type-2 diabetic patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital has reached 45.2% and 25.0% among them had severe fibrosis. BMI is the only factor found to be associated with the occurrence of NAFLD
An East-Asian-type cagA Helicobacter pylori Infected Patient with Clinical Manifestation of Gastric Ulcer
Get PDFWe reported a male, 72 yo, Chinese ethnic with chief complaint black mushy defecation. Physical examination revealed pale on conjunctival palpebra which confirmed as anemia on complete blood count. Gastroduodenoscopy revealed a 3 mm ulcer at the antrum (Forrest stage III). H. pylori infection was positive based on five different test methods (urinary antibody tests, rapid urease test, culture, histology ad immunohistochemistry). Used polymerase chain reaction-based sequencing, we found the patient infected by CagA producing, East-Asian-type cagA and vacA s1m1-strain. Further analysis using 7 housekeeping genes confirmed that the strain categorized in to hspEAsia group. The patient was given continuous intravenous infusions of proton pump inhibitor and standard triple therapy regimens eradication of H. pylori
Ebstein Anomaly in Pregnancy
Get PDFA 27-year-old primiparous woman with 28 weeks gestational age was admitted to our hospital with worsening shortness of breath. She was diagnosed with Ebstein’s anomaly three years ago, but preferred to be left untreated. The patient was not cyanotic and her vital signs were stable. Her ECG showed incomplete RBBB and prolonged PR-interval. Blood tests revealed mild anemia. Observation of two-dimensional echo with color flow Doppler study showed Ebstein’s anomaly with PFO as additional defects, EF of 57%, LV and LA dilatation, RV atrialization, severe TR, and moderate PH with RVSP of 44.3 mmHg. The patient then underwent elective sectio caesaria at 30 weeks of gestational age; both the mother and her baby were alive and were in good conditions. Problem: there was an increasing breathlessness in this patient so that there was an increasing need to take a decision for her pregnancy.Ebstein’s anomaly is a complicated congenital anomaly. Medical treatment may be followed for many years in patients with mild forms of Ebstein’s anomaly. Surgery should be considered if there is objective evidence of debasement such as significant enlargement of heart size, reduction of systolic function in echocardiography
Left Circumflexus Coronary Artery Total Occlusion with Clinical Presentation as NSTEMI and Acute Pulmonary Oedema
Get PDFCurrent guidelines for the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) focus on the electrocardiogram to divide patients into ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)/unstable angina (UA). Patients with STEMI in the earliest time will receive reperfusion therapy to destruct occlusive thrombus. An ST segment elevation is the ‘sine qua non’ for diagnosing acute total coronary occlusion causing transmural myocardial infarction. Left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) occlusion is often categorized as NSTEMI because of the absence of significant ST-elevation on the 12 lead standard electrocardiogram. An ST segment elevation is presented in fewer than 50% of patients with LCx total occlusion, such that the reperfusion therapy is delayed. We reported a 77 years old woman whom being diagnosed with NSTEMI because a 12 lead electrocardiogram showed ST segment depression in lead V2-V5. On coronary angiography, we found a total occlusion in the LCx artery as the culprit lession
Short-term Survival of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients at a Single Tertiary Referral Centre in Indonesia
Get PDFAim: to identify the 28-day short-term survival rate in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods: this is a retrospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary referral hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. We conducted the study for 10 months and data was extracted from medical records between October 2015 and August 2016. The primary end point of the study was 28-day short-term survival rate using the initial date of ARDS diagnosis as the index time. Overall survival rate was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier test and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: there were 101 ARDS subjects during 10 months of study. The overall rate of 28-day survival was 47.5% and the median time of survival was 10 days (95% CI 2.47–17.52). The survival rate in ARDS patients was reduced significantly at the first week after the diagnosis of ARDS was made, which indicated that the highest mortality occured in the first week. Subjects with APACHE II score of >20 had a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.45 (95% CI 1.40-4.28) and those with moderate-severe of ARDS had HR of 2.27 (95% CI 1.25-4.12). Conclusion: the short-term survival rate of ARDS in developing countries including Indonesia is still low and early management with optimal treatment provided within the first week may improve the survival rate
Scoring System Development and Added Value of Albuminuria to Estimate Carotid Intima-media Thickness (CIMT) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Get PDFAim: to develop a scoring system and measure the diagnostic added value of albuminuria to estimate CIMT. Methods: cross-sectional study was done in Endocrine Outpatient Clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between March-May 2012 in T2DM patients without history of cerebrocardiovascular event, CKD stage ≥ III, and smoking. Bivariate analysis and multivariate (logistic regression) analysis was done, followed by developing the scoring system. Results: from 71 subjects, there were 67.6% with increased CIMT and 73.3% with albuminuria. From 48 subjects with increased CIMT, 87.5% had albuminuria. Albuminuria measurement had high sensitivity (87.5%). Adding albuminuria measurement will increase the AUC as 2.3%. Estimation score for duration of DM, hypertension, dyslipidemia were as follows 1, 2, 1 respectively. Probability score of increased CIMT for score <2, 2, and >2 was as follows 15%, 57%, and 90%. Conclusion: albuminuria measurement increase the diagnostic value of CIMT. Scoring system can be used as a screening tool to estimate the increased of CIMT in type 2 DM patients without history of cerebrocardiovascular event, CKD stage ≥ III, and smoking