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Extraction and GCMS analysis of cocaine from U.S. banknotes
No full textMany bank notes in circulation are contaminated with trace amounts of cocaine. Bank notes become contaminated due to their relationship with the use and trade of the illicit drug. This research project aimed to extract and analyze the cocaine present on United States bank notes. The cocaine was extracted via solid phase extraction through a C18 column. The samples were then analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry in single ion mode with a spitless injection. The mass spectrum was focused on ions with a mass to charge ratio of 82, 182, and 303. A standard solution of cocaine was used to confirm the elution time and to develop a calibration curve for use in the determination of the quantity of cocaine present on each bank note. All bank notes tested in this project yielded a mass spectrum signal corresponding to cocaine
Maximum Likelihood Estimation on Time Scales
No full textWhen developing a probabilistic model for independently sampled data, good estimates for the parameters of the potential models are critical. One method for finding good estimates is the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), which uses calculus techniques to maximize the probability of obtaining the observed data for varying values of the underlying parameter. Time scales, closed subsets of the real line, have recently arisen and provide a means to understand classical probability distributions as special cases of more general distributions on time scales. So, while the classical exponential distribution is valued on , and the geometric distribution on , both can be seen as special cases of a more general “time scales exponential” distribution. We find general formulas for the MLEs for the parameters of the time scale exponential and time scales uniform distributions and see how their MLEs compare both algebraically and computationally to the MLEs of the classical distributions
Viewing Dialect as a Celebration of Culture and Communication in Appalachia
No full textThe paper explores the northern Kentucky variety of the Appalachian dialect spoken in the South Shore area of Kentucky in terms of its grammatical system such as phonetics/phonology, morphology, syntax, pragmatics, and vocabulary. The empirical data was collected in the natural environment with the two speakers of the dialect with all characteristic features that distinguish this variety from the Standard dialect of American English. The research confirms the earlier hypotheses that non-standard dialects are rule-governed the same way as the standard. The results also show that the pedagogical approach to the non-standard dialects should be modified in schools and instead of the Deficit Approach teachers should exercise the so called Difference Approach in teaching children speaking non-standard. The important outcome of such teaching is that the different dialects will be retained and facilitated as part of local identity and culture
Teaching Across Different Subjects in the Classroom
No full textTeaching Across Different Subjects studies the effectiveness of the teaching method with the same name. The teaching method is examined in-depth and explained, while providing examples and resources for further research. The teaching method is to teach within one content area and connect information to other contents and outside situations The study takes place within a rural region to determine if the teaching method holds a beneficial and compatible effect with those who receive their education in a rural setting. The study provided also determines if there is a correlation between the students view on the teaching method and the teaching methods success rate. Teaching Across Different Subjects demonstrates research into the topic of a different instructional method that includes the use of content outside a teacher’s contracted subject to teach
The Effects of Classroom Seating Arrangement on Student Behavior and Cognitive Processes
No full textThis action research study investigates the relationship between seating style within the classroom and the focus, behavior, cognitive processes, and participation of students. The inspiration of this study comes from one question: Which seating arrangements work to give students the best opportunity to learn, while also allowing them to be comfortable within the learning environment? To find an answer to this question, different seating arrangements were implemented within a classroom for an extended amount of time. Surveys were conducted and completed by the participants to retrieve accurate and honest results concerning the different aspects mentioned above. Pre and post-test percentages were used to calculate the seating arrangement with the largest amount of growth of passing grades from the beginning to the end of each unit. The analysis shows correlation between seating arrangements and different aspects of the study question, but no seating arrangement shows that they positively affect all aspects studied. It can be concluded that seating arrangements affect different aspects of education and should be used based on the specific problem that might be occurring within the classroom
The Examination of Text Anxiety, Homework Grade, Exam Grade, and Gender to Determine Course Success in Masters Students
Get PDFAnxiety is a feeling that almost every human has felt at some point in their life. Test anxiety is a branch of anxiety. Test anxiety is a combination of physical and motional symptoms that interfere with the ability to perform well on a test. Test anxiety can causes consequences of failure, worry about the exam itself, lack confidence in one’s own ability, and have low self-esteem. Studies have shown negative impact on test anxiety and test scores. A lot of this research done has been at the elementary level through undergraduate level in a students educational journey. However, not much research has been done at the masters level of a students educational journey. Since mathematics is known to be a harder subject for students due to its complexity of multistep processes to solve problems, this study focuses on masters students at Shawnee State University enrolled in the online Masters of Science Program. Data was collected from participant professors at Shawnee State University along with a survey on test anxiety. The survey that was used to collect data was the Westside Test Anxiety Scale. The purpose of this study was to understand if homework grade, exam grade, gender, and test anxiety was significant predictors of course success. Results from logistic regression showed that homework grade was a significant predictor of course success. The results of this study imply that homework grade can have a significant impact on course success and thus showing the importance of homework for students and for teachers on course success
Utilization of Academic Support Services Among Undergraduate Students Enrolled in a Workload Mathematics Course, Online or In-person
Get PDFThis research study examined the utilization of academic support resources, students’ sense of belonging, and achievement levels in online and in-person sections of a workload mathematics course at UC Davis. The findings indicate that there were no significant differences in the utilization of support services between the two instructional modalities, suggesting that both modes offered similar opportunities for student engagement and learning. Additionally, no significant differences were found between online and in-person students in their overall sense of belonging at UC Davis and with classmates. However, differences were observed in specific survey questions about meeting classmates outside of class to study, obtaining notes from other students when missing class, and the difficulty of meeting other students in class. In-person students reported more positive experiences in these situations, highlighting the need to enhance social interactions and collaboration among online students. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the change in math placement exam scores between online and in-person sections. These findings contribute to the existing literature on academic support services utilization and student belonging, suggesting the effectiveness of online support services in promoting engagement and student success. Nevertheless, it is crucial to focus efforts on improving social interaction and collaboration in online learning environments. The study acknowledges limitations, including a small sample size and low statistical power, which restrict generalizability and the ability to detect true differences between groups. However, the results offer insights for post-secondary institutions in designing academic support services that cater to students’ preferences and facilitate a sense of belonging within the campus community
Evolutionary Social Theory and Political Economy : Philosophy and Applications
No full textEvolutionary Social Theory and Political Economy traces the origins, extension, marginalization and revival of evolutionary approaches to social theory from the Enlightenment through the beginning of the 21st century. It demonstrates how changes in understandings of social evolution corresponded to changes in definitions of Political Economy and how both reflected changes in the Philosophy of Science. This book is written for students and researchers alike in all the social sciences. Economists will benefit from understanding how ideas about evolution in Economics corresponded to ideas about evolution in other social sciences, and Social Scientists outside of Economics will benefit from understanding how Economics has related to their discipline.https://digitalcommons.shawnee.edu/fac_books/1008/thumbnail.jp
The Warburg Effect in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Triple Negative Breast Cancer
No full textAcute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) are two of many cancer types that exhibit the Warburg Effect. This effect is characterized by cells utilizing glycolysis for ATP production even when oxygen is present. Dichloroacetate inhibits aerobic glycolysis by activating pyruvate dehydrogenase, forcing the cell to go through oxidative phosphorylation, which allows mitochondrial functions in apoptosis to be restored. HL-60 cells, an AML cell line, and BT-20 cells, a TNBC cell line, were used as model systems in this study. Treatment dosage was determined by treating the cells with various concentrations of dichloroacetate. To investigate the mechanism of toxicity, a protein involved with cell cycle regulation will be examined. CDC20 is involved in mitotic spindle assembly. Expression levels of the protein will be measured with and without treatment to provide a basis for a potential mechanism of action and prospective novel treatments for these deadly diseases
The effects of The Science of Reading on specific students
No full textThis study investigates the effectiveness of using The Science of Reading in reading and phonics instruction to teach students how to read. The Science of Reading is a relatively new concept and idea to my placement, as they are currently in its second year of implementation. The Science of Reading is used to assist students in decoding words, learning phonics, and helping them read more effectively. This idea is currently in its “development” stage in my placement. Informal assessments, running records, and anecdotal notes were taken from three students (one low, medium, and high-level reader) to determine the effectiveness of its usage. Limitations could be attendance and class size. My current findings are that the use of The Science of Reading has and will continue to help grow a student’s reading strength in the classroom.
Keywords: The Science of Reading, effectiveness, phonics, decodin