Universidade Estadual Paulista São Paulo (UNESP), Campus de Rio Claro: Portal de Periódicos
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Mudanças Climáticas na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro: Impactos Locais e Percepção Ambiental da População
Get PDFSeveral cities globally face the impacts of climate change. This study focused on the main impacts of climate change in the city of Rio de Janeiro and the local perception of the issue, using a literature review and questionnaires applied to the population. The literature review indicated an increase in the occurrence of extreme weather events, such as floods, landslides, and heat islands, resulting in material and life losses. Regarding the perception of the issue, most of the population recognizes human actions as the main causes of climate change and understands the severity of its consequences, highlighting the need for mitigation measures and shared responsibility. The study also revealed that the population\u27s knowledge about the topic is superficial, indicating the urgency of environmental education actions.Varias ciudades, en todo el mundo, enfrentan los impactos del cambio climático. Este estudio se centró en los principales impactos del cambio climático en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, y la percepción local sobre el tema, utilizando una revisión bibliográfica y la aplicación de cuestionarios a la población. La revisión bibliográfica indicó un aumento en la ocurrencia de eventos climáticos extremos, como inundaciones, deslizamientos de tierra e islas de calor, resultando en pérdidas materiales y de vidas. En cuanto a la percepción sobre el tema, la mayoría de la población reconoce las acciones humanas como las principales causas del cambio climático y comprende la gravedad de sus consecuencias, destacando la necesidad de medidas de mitigación y responsabilidad compartida. El estudio reveló, además, que el conocimiento de la población sobre el tema es superficial, lo que indica la urgencia de acciones de educación ambiental.Globalmente, diversas cidades enfrentam os impactos das mudanças climáticas. Este estudo focou nos principais impactos das mudanças climáticas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, e na percepção local sobre o tema, utilizando revisão bibliográfica e aplicação de questionários à população. A revisão bibliográfica indicou um aumento na ocorrência de eventos climáticos extremos, como enchentes, deslizamentos e ilhas de calor, resultando em perdas materiais e de vidas. Quanto à percepção sobre o tema, a maioria da população reconhece as ações humanas como as principais causas das mudanças climáticas e entende a gravidade de suas consequências, destacando a necessidade de medidas de mitigação e responsabilidade compartilhada. O estudo revelou, também, que o conhecimento da população sobre o tema é superficial, indicando a urgência de ações de educação ambiental
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DA QUALIDADE DO AR NA REGIÃO EM TORNO DO MUNICÍPIO DE ITABIRA/MG: Comparative analysis of air quality in the region around the Municipality of Itabira / MG
Get PDFAtmospheric pollution represents a serious public health problem, especially in areas that have open-air mining activities, such as in some cities in the state of Minas Gerais. The present study compared the air quality of Itabira with other mining cities, such as Brumadinho, Paracatu and Timóteo, evaluating air quality and hospitalization rates for respiratory diseases per thousand inhabitants, between 2015 and 2022, seeking to investigate the glare between concentrations of particulate matter (PM₁₀) and respiratory health problems. It should be noted that, despite the high concentrations of PM₁₀, Timóteo recorded the lowest number of hospitalizations, while Itabira, with lower levels of PM₁₀, presented high hospitalization rates, except that, other factors can influence respiratory health, such as afforestation rates and the impact of other polluting substances. The present study highlights the need for stricter regulations and ongoing monitoring to mitigate the effects of pollution. Beside that, the need to implement technologies that help reduce emissions and environmental education actions stands out, which are mandatory elements to improve air quality and community health.RESUMO - A poluição atmosférica representa um sério problema de saúde pública, especialmente em áreas que possuem atividades de mineração a céu aberto, como em alguns municípios do estado de Minas Gerais. O presente estudo comparou a qualidade do ar de Itabira com outros municípios mineradores, sendo eles, Brumadinho, Paracatu e Timóteo, avaliando a qualidade do ar e as taxas de internações por doenças respiratórias a cada mil habitantes, entre 2015 e 2022, buscando investigar a correlação entre as concentrações de material particulado (MP₁₀) e problemas de saúde respiratória. Observou-se que, apesar das altas concentrações de MP₁₀, Timóteo registrou o menor número de internações, enquanto Itabira, com menores níveis de MP₁₀, apresentou altas taxas de internação, indicando que outros fatores podem influenciar a saúde respiratória, como os índices de arborização e o impacto de outros poluentes. A pesquisa ressalta a necessidade de regulamentações mais rígidas e monitoramento contínuo para mitigar os efeitos da poluição. Além disso, destaca-se a necessidade de implementação de tecnologias que ajudem a reduzir as emissões de poluentes e as ações de educação ambiental, que são elementos vitais para melhorar a qualidade do ar e a saúde das pessoas.
Palavras-chave: Poluição atmosférica. Material particulado (MP₁₀). Mineração. Saúde Pública.
ABSTRACT - Atmospheric pollution represents a serious public health problem, especially in areas that have open-air mining activities, such as in some cities in the state of Minas Gerais. The present study compared the air quality of Itabira with other mining cities, such as Brumadinho, Paracatu and Timóteo, evaluating air quality and hospitalization rates for respiratory diseases per thousand inhabitants, between 2015 and 2022, seeking to investigate the glare between concentrations of particulate matter (PM₁₀) and respiratory health problems. It should be noted that, despite the high concentrations of PM₁₀, Timóteo recorded the lowest number of hospitalizations, while Itabira, with lower levels of PM₁₀, presented high hospitalization rates, except that, other factors can influence respiratory health, such as afforestation rates and the impact of other polluting substances. The present study highlights the need for stricter regulations and ongoing monitoring to mitigate the effects of pollution. Beside that, the need to implement technologies that help reduce emissions and environmental education actions stands out, which are mandatory elements to improve air quality and community health.
Keywords: Atmospheric pollution. Particulate matter (PM₁₀). Mining. Public health.
Malhação: corpo juvenil e imaginário pós-moderno
Get PDFThis is a review of the book Malhação: corpo juvenil e imaginário pós-moderno, by the authors Pierre Normando Gomes-da-Silva and Eunice Simões Lins Gomes, published in 2010 by the Federal University of Paraíba’s publisher. The production addresses the theme of aesthetics and semiotics by analyzing how the collective unconscious, the social imaginary and youth culture was influenced, for more than two decades, by the signs of a popular Brazilian television media production, the fictional show Malhação.Esta es una reseña del libro Malhação: corpo juvenil e imaginário pós-moderno, de los autores Pierre Normando Gomes-da-Silva y Eunice Simões Lins Gomes, publicado en 2010 por la editorial de la Universidad Federal de Paraíba. La producción aborda el tema de la estética y la semiótica al analizar cómo el inconsciente colectivo, el imaginario social y la cultura juvenil fueron influenciados, durante más de dos décadas, por los signos de una popular producción mediática televisiva popular brasileña, la serie de ficción Malhação.Trata-se de uma resenha do livro Malhação: corpo juvenil e imaginário pós-moderno, dos autores Pierre Normando Gomes-da-Silva e Eunice Simões Lins Gomes, publicado em 2010 pela editora da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. A produção aborda o tema da estética e da semiótica analisando como o inconsciente coletivo, o imaginário social e a cultura jovem foram influenciados, por mais de duas décadas, pelos signos de uma produção midiática televisiva popular brasileira, a série ficcional Malhação
As crianças e suas produções culturais em contextos brincantes no retorno presencial à creche
Get PDFThis article presents the findings of a master\u27s research aimed at comprehending the cultural expressions of children aged 3 to 4 within playful contexts during their return to a daycare center within the Municipal Education Network of Santo André (São Paulo). An ethnographic approach is used, drawing from Sociology of Childhood and Pedagogy of Childhood. Data collection employed participant observation, field diary entries, filming, photography, and interviews with class educators as data generation tools. For data analysis, the content method was employed, utilizing Laurence Bardin\u27s categorical analysis technique. The outcomes underscore the potency of children as culture creators, achieved through collective re-elaboration alongside their peers. Additionally, the study highlights that while the theme of Covid-19 minimally appears in the children\u27s games, family dynamics and media/literature references surfaced more frequently. However, these results do not imply that the children remained unaffected by events or that these events did not influence their lives. As per the educators interviewed, the return to face-to-face interactions in 2021 necessitated the relearning of communal living and play. In conclusion, this research underscores the pivotal role of daycare centers as educational spaces that promote interaction and play, provided educators attentively heed children\u27s expressions and critically reflect on their practices.Este artículo aborda los resultados de una investigación de maestría sobre las expresiones culturales de niños de 3 a 4 años en una guardería de Santo André, São Paulo. La investigación adoptó un enfoque etnográfico, entablando diálogos con autores de las áreas de Sociología Infantil y Pedagogía Infantil. Los métodos de recolección de datos incluyen observación participante, diarios de campo, filmaciones, fotografías y entrevistas con educadores. El análisis se basa en el método de análisis de contenido, con la técnica categórica de Laurence Bardin. Los resultados resaltan el poderío de los niños como creadores de cultura, logrado a través de una reelaboración colectiva junto a sus compañeros. Además, el estudio destaca que el tema de la Covid-19 rara vez aparece en los juegos infantiles, en cambio, las dinámicas familiares y las referencias mediáticas/literarias aparecen con mayor frecuencia. No obstante, estos resultados no implican que los eventos no hayan afectado a los niños o que no hayan influido en sus vidas. Según los educadores, el regreso a interacciones presenciales en 2021 implicó reaprendizaje de convivencia y juegos en comunidad. En conclusión, esta investigación refuerza el papel fundamental de las guarderías como espacios educativos que fomentan la interacción y el juego, siempre y cuando los educadores escuchen atentamente las expresiones de los niños y reflexionen críticamente sobre sus prácticas pedagógicas.Este artigo discute os resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado, que visa compreender as produções culturais das crianças de 3 a 4 anos, em contextos brincantes, no retorno presencial à uma creche da Rede Municipal de Educação de Santo André/SP. Trata-se de um estudo de inspiração etnográfica, que dialogou com autores da Sociologia da Infância e da Pedagogia da Infância. Para a produção de dados, utilizou-se diversos instrumentos, como a observação participante, registros escritos em diários de campo, filmagens, fotografias e entrevistas com as educadoras da turma. Para a exploração dos dados, optou-se pela técnica da análise categorial de Laurence Bardin. Os resultados reiteram a potência das crianças produzirem cultura por meio de uma reelaboração coletiva com seus pares e revelam que, nas brincadeiras, o tema da Covid-19 é pouco abordado, ao passo que as dinâmicas familiares e a influência das mídias e literatura surgem com maior frequência e destaque. Ao retornarem ao ambiente escolar presencial em 2021, segundo relatado pelas educadoras entrevistadas, as crianças se viram diante da necessidade de readaptar-se às dinâmicas de convivência e brincadeira. Conclui-se que a creche desempenha um papel fundamental como um ambiente educativo que promove interações enriquecedoras e o ato de brincar, desde que as educadoras cultivem uma escuta atenta e sensível diante das expressões das crianças, combinada a uma reflexão crítica sobre sua práxis
Aikido\u27s contribution to practitioner\u27s health
Get PDFWe developed an extension project at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), and includes students, teachers, other servers and the external community. Our goal with this article is to present the reports of our project members and discuss about the contributions of the practice of aikido in relation with health as an existential phenomenon and with the care of the self. Methods: Questionnaires were applied to collect data about the following information: 1) if you are part of the internal community (server, student or professor) or external to the university; 2) age; 3) practice time; 4) your opinion about what health is; 5) the impact of aikido practice on the practitioner\u27s health; 6) whether aikido can be understood as a health practice. and were analyzed by theme content. Results: 34 practitioners volunteered to fill out our questionnaire. From the external community, 14 members answered the questionnaire, and from the internal community, one is a teacher, two are employees, and seventeen are students. From the reports, we are allowed to perceive health as a dynamic phenomenon made up of social, cultural, biological, emotional, and spiritual aspects, among others. Conclusion: Aikido addresses many of these spheres and promotes selfknowledge and caring for oneself and others, reflecting about their experiences and their health through interpretative elaborations of their own condition. Such attitude strengthens the idea that there is a hermeneutic dimension of health that has elements that can be narrated and analyzed.We developed an extension project at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), and includes students, teachers, other servers and the external community. Our goal with this article is to present the reports of our project members and discuss about the contributions of the practice of aikido in relation with health as an existential phenomenon and with the care of the self. Methods: Questionnaires were applied to collect data about the following information: 1) if you are part of the internal community (server, student or professor) or external to the university; 2) age; 3) practice time; 4) your opinion about what health is; 5) the impact of aikido practice on the practitioner\u27s health; 6) whether aikido can be understood as a health practice. and were analyzed by theme content. Results: 34 practitioners volunteered to fill out our questionnaire. From the external community, 14 members answered the questionnaire, and from the internal community, one is a teacher, two are employees, and seventeen are students. From the reports, we are allowed to perceive health as a dynamic phenomenon made up of social, cultural, biological, emotional, and spiritual aspects, among others. Conclusion: Aikido addresses many of these spheres and promotes selfknowledge and caring for oneself and others, reflecting about their experiences and their health through interpretative elaborations of their own condition. Such attitude strengthens the idea that there is a hermeneutic dimension of health that has elements that can be narrated and analyzed
Performance differences and determinants of success in world men\u27s handball championships
Get PDFAbstract - Aim It is to compare performance indicators among World Men\u27s Handball Championships, 2017, 2019 and 2021. Taking into consideration that the last one took place under pandemic restrictions, and thus affecting all stages of preparation and competition, we also investigated indicators that mostly affected the teams’ ranking. Methods: The sample consisted of sets of performance indicator variables specifically related to court player and goalkeeper efficacy, offense, defense, and punishment of all participant teams. We used the analysis of variance and the ordinary least square regression. Results: No significant differences in shots (p = 0.165, η2 = 0.046) and goals per game (p = 0.211, η2 = 0.040) were found in the last three successive world championships examined in our study. However, significant differences were found in court player efficacy at 6 m (p = 0.000, η2 = 0.226) and breakthrough (p = 0.047, η2 = 0.077) while for goalkeeper efficacy, differences were observed at 6 m (p = 0.000, η2 = 0.199), penalty (p = 0.049, η2 = 0.099) and fast break (p = 0.005, η2 = 0.132). From the set of variables related to offense, defense and punishment, significant differences were observed only for assists per game (p = 0.004, η2 = 0.134). Conclusion: The determinants of success of the top teams were the variables of court player efficacy and goalkeeper efficacy at 9 m followed by goalkeeper breakthrough efficacy, technical faults and 2-min suspensions per game.Abstract - Aim It is to compare performance indicators among World Men\u27s Handball Championships, 2017, 2019 and 2021. Taking into consideration that the last one took place under pandemic restrictions, and thus affecting all stages of preparation and competition, we also investigated indicators that mostly affected the teams’ ranking. Methods: The sample consisted of sets of performance indicator variables specifically related to court player and goalkeeper efficacy, offense, defense, and punishment of all participant teams. We used the analysis of variance and the ordinary least square regression. Results: No significant differences in shots (p = 0.165, η2 = 0.046) and goals per game (p = 0.211, η2 = 0.040) were found in the last three successive world championships examined in our study. However, significant differences were found in court player efficacy at 6 m (p = 0.000, η2 = 0.226) and breakthrough (p = 0.047, η2 = 0.077) while for goalkeeper efficacy, differences were observed at 6 m (p = 0.000, η2 = 0.199), penalty (p = 0.049, η2 = 0.099) and fast break (p = 0.005, η2 = 0.132). From the set of variables related to offense, defense and punishment, significant differences were observed only for assists per game (p = 0.004, η2 = 0.134). Conclusion: The determinants of success of the top teams were the variables of court player efficacy and goalkeeper efficacy at 9 m followed by goalkeeper breakthrough efficacy, technical faults and 2-min suspensions per game
ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DAS ÁREAS DE MINERAÇÃO QUANTO ÀS LEGISLAÇÕES AMBIENTAIS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO PARA O MUNICÍPIO DE CAÇAPAVA, SP: Spatial analysis of mining areas in regard to environmental legislation: a case study for the municipality of Caçapava - SP, SP
Get PDFAbstract: The Paraíba do Sul River Basin is an important sediment deposit, and this fact, coupled with its strategic location, makes the Paraíba Valley an important source of non-metallic minerals. Although the legislation on mineral extraction is very detailed and restrictive, this factor does not fully guarantee compliance with these legal issues. The purpose of this study is therefore to carry out a spatial analysis of sand mining pits in the municipality of Caçapava, in the state of São Paulo, with regard to compliance with specific legislation. The proposed method consists of identifying and characterizing the mining areas that do not comply with the legal parameters using spatial analysis tools based on distance and intersection. The results show that there are areas that do not comply with the law because they do not meet the minimum distance from urbanized areas, are in environmental protection areas and floodplains. These facts, in addition to the well-known environmental impacts caused by mining activities, pose risks to water bodies and their surroundings. It is concluded that the proposed method is an important tool for constant monitoring of these areas and can help environmental inspection bodies make more restrictive and assertive decisions.
Keywords: Sand Mining. Submerged Pit. Spatial Analysis. Environmental Impacts.RESUMO - A Bacia do Rio Paraíba do Sul é um importante depósito de sedimentos, e tal fato, somado a sua localização estratégica, transforma o Vale do Paraíba em uma importante fonte do mineral não-metálico. A região conta com normativos acerca da extração mineral bastante específicos e restritivos, o que leva os empreendimentos minerários a envidarem grandes esforços para o cumprimento das questões legais. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise espacial das cavas de mineração de areia no município de Caçapava, Estado de São Paulo, quanto às legislações ambientais. O método utilizado consistiu na identificação e caracterização das áreas de mineração quanto às questões legais utilizando ferramentas de análise espacial baseadas em distância e intersecção. Como resultados, pode-se verificar a presença de áreas com desconformidades no que se refere à distância mínima de áreas urbanizadas, incidência em áreas de proteção ambiental e zonas de várzea. Tais fatos, somados aos já conhecidos impactos ambientais causados pela atividade de mineração, agravam os riscos aos corpos d’água e sua vizinhança. Conclui-se que o método proposto é uma importante ferramenta para o monitoramento constante dessas áreas e que pode auxiliar órgãos ambientais fiscalizadores a tomadas de decisão mais assertivas.
Palavras-chave: Mineração de Areia. Cava Submersa. Análise Espacial. Impacto Ambiental.
ABSTRACT - The Paraíba do Sul River Basin is an important sediment deposit, and this fact, coupled with its strategic location, makes the Paraíba Valley an important source of aggregates. The region has very specific and restrictive regulations on mineral extraction, which leads mining companies to make great efforts to comply with legal issues. Thus, this study aims to carry out a spatial analysis of sand mining pits in the municipality of Caçapava, in the state of São Paulo, concerning environmental legislation. The method used consisted of identifying and characterizing the mining areas in terms of legal issues using spatial analysis tools based on distance and intersection. The results show the presence of areas with non-compliance in terms of minimum distance from urbanized areas, incidence in environmental protection areas and floodplain zones. These facts, added to the already known environmental impacts caused by mining activities, aggravate the risks to water bodies and their surroundings. It is concluded that the proposed method is an important tool for constant monitoring of these areas and can help environmental inspection bodies make more assertive decisions.
Keywords: Sand Mining. Submerged Pit. Spatial Analysis. Environmental Impacts
INFLUÊNCIA DA MUDANÇA DO PH NA COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA DE SOLOS TROPICAIS: ESTUDO DE CASO EM ÁREA ADJACENTE AO LIXÃO DA ESTRUTURAL, BRASÍLIA – DF: Influence of pH change on the chemical composition of tropical soils: case study in the area of the Lixão da Estrutural, Brasília - DF
Get PDFRESUMO - Os resíduos sólidos podem ser fonte de metais pesados que afetam os solos. A capacidade de adsorção de cátions e ânions pelos solos depende das características físicas do meio, das concentrações dos elementos em solução, das cargas do complexo de troca e do pH. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar o comportamento químico de um Latossolo localizado em uma área adjacente ao Lixão da Estrutural, Distrito Federal, a partir da elevação do pH com a adição de pó de dolomito. Foram realizadas análises químicas de três conjuntos de amostras do solo, uma amostragem previa a adição do pó de dolomito e duas posteriores (após três e 12 meses). Para interpretação dos dados, foram realizadas análises individuais dos teores médios dos elementos, análise de correspondência com remoção do efeito do arco (DCA), análise de componentes principais (PCA) e teste estatístico de Mann-Whitney. Tais análises evidenciaram que a adição do pó de dolomito gerou aumento do pH e alteração dos teores dos elementos constituintes do solo e que as variações dos teores foram significativas ao longo de todas as campanhas de amostragem, indicando que o pH é um fator importante no controle de contaminação dos solos.
Palavras-chave: Lixão da Estrutural. Latossolos. pH. Geoquímica de solos. Geoestatística.
ABSTRACT - Solid waste can serve as a source of heavy metals that affect soils. The adsorption capacity of cations and anions by soils depends on the soil physical characteristics, the concentrations of elements in solution, the charges of the exchange complex, and the soil pH. The objective of this work was to analyze the chemical behavior of a Latosol located in an area adjacent to the Estrutural Landfill, Federal District - Brazil, from the increase of pH with the addition of dolomite powder. Chemical analyses were performed on three sets of soil samples, one sampling prior to the addition of the dolomite powder and two subsequent samplings (after three and 12 months). For data interpretation, individual analyses of the average element contents, detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and Mann-Whitney statistical test were conducted. These analyses revealed that the addition of dolomite powder increased the soil pH and altered the levels of its constituent elements significantly across all sampling campaigns, indicating pH as a crucial factor in controlling soil contamination.
Keywords: “Lixão da estrutural”. Latosols. Ph. Soil Geochemistry. Geostatistics
HOSPITALIZAÇÕES POR INSUFICIÊNCIA RENAL NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO: TENDÊNCIAS TEMPORAIS E PADRÕES ESPACIAIS, 2008-2021
Get PDFA Insuficiência Renal (IR) é uma doença grave, progressiva e irreversível, representando um problema de saúde pública. Este trabalho realizou o mapeamento espaço-temporal da taxa de IR nos municípios do estado de São Paulo de 2008 a 2021. Técnicas de análise espacial foram usadas para detectar agrupamento espacial, observando-se que a distribuição da taxa de IR no estado não é aleatória. Há uma tendência ascendente da doença. Os homens são mais afetados pela IR do que as mulheres e a faixa etária acima de 59 anos é a mais vulnerável. A mesorregião de São José do Rio Preto manteve alta densidade de IR em 14 anos. Esse estudo contribui para um diagnóstico da IR nos municípios paulistas, e auxilia em projetos que visem reduzir a prevalência da IR no estado. A abordagem espaço-temporal utilizada nesse trabalho serve de base para estudos correlatos em outras regiões do Brasil
