International Journal of Global Community (Riksawan Institute - IJGC-RI)
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Balancing Sustainable Fisheries and Human Rights Protection: Indonesian Experiences
Full text linkThe fisheries sector runs a risk of human rights violations. The issue of sustainable fisheries, human rights protection and business interests need to be balanced. Indonesia has experienced human rights violations by the fishing industry, so the government has made regulations for the protection of human rights in this industry. This article will analyse how the Indonesian government balances sustainability and human rights protection in the fishing industry. This study uses a normative juridical method with secondary data sources. The analysis was carried out in a qualitative normative manner, and conclusions were drawn deductively. Based on the research results, it was found that the Government of Indonesia issued the Regulation of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) Number 35 of 2015 concerning Human Rights Certification in the Fisheries Sector that requires “fisheries entrepreneurs” to implement an enterprise-level compliance scheme consisting of three elements: (1) the establishment of a broad human rights policy; (2) mechanisms to facilitate due diligence; and (3) a remediation mechanism. In addition, the government issued the MMAF regulation Number 2 of 2017 concerning Requirements and Mechanisms for Fisheries Human Rights Certification. Indonesia has formed a human rights team and conducted human rights certification training for companies. The regulation aims to balance sustainable fisheries and human rights protection
Insurgents to the rescue: How non state actors fill the gap in Nigeria
Full text linkSince the birth of the Fourth Republic, Nigeria has witnessed quantum leaps in the activities of insurgent organizations across her landscape. The failure of the political class to run an all-inclusive administration and to meet the basic needs of the citizens has created a huge vacuum to be filled by violent non state actors. These groups operate as alternative government in most of their domains where they provide amenities, security and some modicum of social justice. This work, driven by interdisciplinary methodology seeks to interrogate the root causes, features and manifestation of insurgent takeover of state responsibilities in some parts of Nigeria. The paper which reveals that inept leadership, wanton corruption, abuse of the social justice system and inequality were largely responsible for the spiralling outbreak of violent conflicts in Nigeria recommends that government should take the welfare of her citizens seriously so as to put a halt to her diminishing influence and reassert control over her land and people
Lived Experiences: How Is It Like To Be A Student-Athlete of A Premier State University?
Full text linkThis study is on the lived experiences of student-athletes under a Sports Scholarship Program in a National University in a third -world country. Data was conducted through narrative interviews of six (6) female student-athletes. Results show that student-athletes perceived their lives as stressful, yet their involvement in sports satisfied the basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The meaning they attribute to sport involvement enables them to endure difficult situations however, they are at risk for psychological problems with their use of a short-term and reactive coping style. Furthermore, results show that central to their identity is being an athlete. Factors that challenge this identity are present in their environment and are part of the stress that they continuously face. 
Education Funding for Imam and Preacher Cadres by the Enrekang Regency BAZNAS Through the Fi Sabilillah Asnaf Group
Full text linkThe zakat law, which was announced in the 2nd year of the Hijri, did not contain details regarding the groups entitled to receive zakat until the 9th year of the Hijri. The Surah At-Taubah, verse 60, explains the eight asnaf groups (recipient groups) of zakat in detail. One of the asnaf groups entitled to receive zakat is “fi Sabilillah”. Islamic scholars have a variety of opinions about this asnaf group, including that the fi sabilillah asnaf group includes those who study knowledge, especially religious knowledge or fardhu ain knowledge, and the claimants of knowledge. The National Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) of Enrekang Regency applies the concept of the fi sabilillah asnaf group by creating an educational program for cadres of imams and preachers for the people of Enrekang. This study aims to describe the suitability of the concept of fi Sabilillah in the view of scholars and its application by the Enrekang Regency BAZNAS. This research is a qualitative research with the character of a case study, namely a research and/or systematic investigation of a particular incident that aims to provide an honest explanation about a particular case. This type of qualitative research lays more emphasis on process than results. The results showed that the educational program for imam and preacher cadres at the BAZNAS of the Enrekang Regency was in accordance with the concept of fi sabilillah. Besides, its distribution proved to be effective and efficient
The Reciprocal Experience of Victims And Law Enforcement Officials Dealing With Domestic Violence Cases; Yeka Suby City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Full text linkWomen have little contact with criminal justice system (CJS), and their unique circumstances and needs are overlooked by the CJS. Understanding the victim's point of view and interactions with law enforcement officers is thus critical for developing policy, practice standards and informing professionals working in policing and the justice system. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the reciprocal experience of victims and law enforcement officials dealing with domestic violence cases; Yeka suby city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study took a qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, key informant interview, and focus group discussion (FGD). As a result, the researcher conducted 18 interviews with police officers, victims of domestic violence, and social workers. The study found that law enforcement officials in the study area provide little or no assistance to victims of domestic violence. As a result, victims are brought into contact with the CJS when the problem is severe and/or the offense is discovered by patrol officers at a hot spot. The study also discovered that victimis are not interested to report for their victimization of domestic violence. They visit criminal justice officials in extreme situation and once the case is reported to law enforcement officials, many victims do not want their offenders prosecuted for a variety of reasons. The most important justification, as revealed by the study, is victims' economic dependency, absence of clear victims’ protection mechanisms and policy and cultural factor where abuse of women, such as beating by intimates, is largely an accepted norm in a given community. Thus, the study recommends policy supported awareness creation for criminal justice officers, victims, offenders as well as for the community in general. Moreover, the government should have clear mechanism of supporting economic dependent victims to encourage good interaction with criminal justice officers. Finally, there should be a strategy that encourages the positive relationship between law enforcement officials and victims. Thus, there should be also victims’ protection mechanisms to build trust on CJS.
 
Integrated-Blame Game Theory of Ethnicity and its Significance: Empirical Analysis of the Evolution of Major Inter-ethnic Conflicts of the Modern History
Full text linkInter-ethnic conflicts and violence, war and genocide are expressions frequently used to describe human social interactions. Due to political monopoly considered equivalent to socio-cultural and economic monopoly, the historical evolution of some countries is marked by the struggle for political power through violence between their different ethnic groups. This leads to cycles of violence since once one group seizes power; it exercises hegemony to maintain it. This is done through attempts to re-write the history of the nation in favor of the dominant group and attempts to manipulate national and international opinion to legitimize its political monopoly. Due to misinterpretation, intentional twisting or misappropriation of historical facts or myths, the conflicting versions of one history create latent causes of further outbreaks of violence. In the seemingly peaceful period mainly due to repressive measures, the social arena is full of hate speeches through arguments and counter-arguments; this is the blame game over contested but common national history or myths. Conflicting parties accuse each other of wrongdoings and the felt victimhood leads to the politicization of history and disguised or open ethnic mobilization by political elites on both sides. In modern era of internet and social media, conflicting parties engage in what can be termed cyber-war. While other theories of ethnicity were formulated to understand the nature and evolution of ethnicity, considering the fact that intrinsically ethnicity or belonging to a given ethnic group is not problematic, they fail to account for causes and interventional guidelines in inter-ethnic conflicts remediation. The aim of this paper is to present the merits of integrated-blame game theory of ethnicity in understanding the causes and guide interventions in contemporary conflicts remediation by reviewing the historical evolution of conflicts in Ethiopia and Rwanda
Tuja'i: A Ritual Communication Medium in the Gorontalo Community
Full text linkThis qualitative research aims to describe one of the oral literary forms still used in Gorontalo's traditional events, known as "Tuja'i." This oral literature is recited during official receptions in Gorontalo. While other traditions continue to evolve, Tuja'i also adapts to changes in society. Therefore, preserving Tuja'i is crucial as it serves as the foundation for studying oral literature. The Tuja'i ceremony is not merely a complementary element to Gorontalo's traditional ceremonies; instead, it conveys moral messages that pass on ancestral wisdom to the current leaders in Gorontalo. The research incorporates the theories of orality by Albert Bates Lord and Ruth Finnegan, with an ethnographic approach applied to explore data on leadership and cultural aspects within the Gorontalo community. The research findings highlight the characteristics of ritual communication in Tuja'i, including: (1) ritual as action, (2) performance, (3) awareness and willingness, (4) irrational aspects, (5) ritual as distinct from recreation, (6) collective teamwork, (7) expression of social relations, (8) subjective and indicative meanings, (9) effectiveness of symbols, (10) expressive or social behavior, (11) customary behavior, (12) recurring regularity of behavior, (13) uninformed communication, (14) sacredness, and (15) media and messages. In conclusion, Tuja'i holds significant cultural value and remains an integral part of Gorontalo's oral literature. Its ritual communication aspects convey profound meanings, cultural traditions, and moral messages, making it a cherished and essential element in the customs of the Gorontalo community
PaSiGala (Palu, Sigi, Donggala) Natural Disasters From A Family Law Perspective
Full text linkIn September 2018, Central Sulawesi Province, specifically Palu City, Sigi Rgency (collectively referred to as PaSiGala) was ravaged by a series of natural disasters, encompassing earthquakes tsunami, and liquefaction, affecting approximately 1.4 million individuals. This article delves into the repercussions of the PaSiGala natural disasters on family law. The upheaval caused by these calamities led to widespread displacement, profoundly influencing the domain of family law. Employing the empirical legal research method, this study scrutinizes the manifold impact of PaSiGala disasters on family law , notably in relation to matters such as child marriage and divorce. Although field data presented conflicting perspectives on the influence of the disasters on child marriage, it is concluded that while there is suggestive evidence of an increase post-PaSiGala. Such cases were not officially recorded by the Religious Affairs office.
 
Legal Reformulation and Ethics of Fintech Lending Companies In Indonesia
Full text linkWith a large number of cases of legal and ethical violations committed by fintech lending companies, it shows that there is still a legal void considering that fintech users are not yet protected, so there need to be ideal legal and ethical rules for big data on fintech lending industry. This research uses empirical legal analysis with qualitative research. This research goes beyond the gap between philosophy and practice. The view of empirical legal research also points out non-doctrinal or socio-legal research. This observation refers to the gap among the legal norms contained in Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transaction. The information analysis procedure used in this research is in interactive form
Small Claim Court as a Settlement Non Performing Loan In PT. PNM Branch Malang
No full textMany bad loans with Letter C collateral are not burdened with mortgage rights so they cannot be auctioned off by PT. Permodalan Nasional Madani Malang Branch (PT. PNM Malang Branch). This study aims to analyze and find efforts to settle the non-performing loan with Letter C collateral through a small claim court mechanism at PT. PNM Malang Branch. The author uses the socio-legal research method with a case approach. The results of this research study indicate that initially, the PT. PNM (Persero) Malang Branch, in carrying out the settlement of bad credit, there are a soft approach and a hard approach. Settlement of bad loans is done using a soft approach, among others, by giving a warning letter and visiting the debtor's house. Because these efforts were not optimal, a credit settlement was carried out using a tough approach, namely the legal route through the small claims court. Three debtors were being sued, and the three defendants repaid their loans using direct repayment and gradual repayment. But in the three small claim court decisions, there was an error in giving legal considerations, especially the power of attorney for sale, because the power of attorney to sell is not used to guarantee debt repayment or execute collateral. A power of attorney to sell as an agreement cannot be made in the form of a power of attorney, which is absolute and must fulfill the legal requirements of an agreement based on freedom of contract