International Journal of Global Community (Riksawan Institute - IJGC-RI)
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Country Control Rights in the Radio Frequency Spectrum for Broadcasting in Indonesia
Full text linkABSTRACT
The primary objectives of this research were to 1) analyze the incorporation of country control rights into relevant statutory regulations concerning the radio frequency spectrum in broadcasting, (2) assess whether the implementation of country control rights over the radio frequency spectrum aligns with its intended goal of maximizing the welfare of the population, and (3) develop a legal framework for country control rights in the context of digital broadcasting technology. A normative legal research method was employed to achieve these aims, utilizing statutory regulations, historical analysis, comparative research, and conceptual method. The statutory regulation method involved examining all laws and regulations pertaining to the frequency spectrum and broadcasting. The historical method was employed to investigate the evolution of regulations implemented in Indonesia, providing insights into the country's historical management of the radio frequency spectrum. A comprehensive understanding of spectrum management over time was crucial to determine the country's position in controlling the frequency spectrum. Additionally, the conceptual method sought to identify legal principles and relevant concepts underlying a new legal norm, particularly regarding country control rights in digital broadcasting technology. The results proved that, firstly, the country had effectively exercised various elements of control rights, including policy-making, regulation, management, administration, and supervision. Secondly, the objective of achieving the greatest prosperity for the people through country control rights had not been achieved. Thirdly, a consolidated method to country control rights, such as the concept of a single multiplexer or centrally managed radio frequency spectrum, would facilitate the country in attaining maximum prosperity for its people
Epistemological Paradigms in the social sciences: A Guide for Researchers
Full text linkThis article presents a scholarly debate on the main paradigms discussed by researchers and explored in the epistemological landscape of social and management sciences from which a researcher can draw inspiration to position his/her epistemological status, namely: positivism, constructivism and interpretivism. Positivism is a paradigm based on a rigorous scientific approach to understand the world. Researchers who adhere to this paradigm attempt to establish universal laws that explain social phenomena. Constructivism, on the other hand, assumes that reality is constructed by individuals through their social interaction. Researchers adhering to this paradigm seek to understand how individuals make sense of their social environment. Finally, interpretivism is a paradigm that relies on interpreting individuals’ meanings and motivations in order to understand their behaviors. Researchers adhering to this paradigm seek to understand how individuals perceive their social environment and how it influences their behaviors. These paradigms serve as a reference point for researchers to position their epistemological status. They also aim to derive a certain type of reasoning that a researcher chooses to defend his or her thesis, accompanied by an appropriate research methodology to carry out a good construction of knowledge on which a research project can be based. In other words, the article aims to help researchers justify and prove the scientific validity of their research
Human Rights On the Internet: Freedom of Expression In Indonesian Law and Practice
Full text linkThis paper aims to explore the evolution of human rights protection concerning the internet in Indonesia, particularly focusing on the realization of freedom of expression. The expansion of the internet within Indonesia presents significant opportunities for upholding human rights, particularly in ensuring freedom of expression. However, the translation of human rights principles into effective practices within the digital landscape poses challenges. One pressing issue is the continued occurrence of journalist criminalization, indicating persistent obstacles to safeguarding these rights. Additionally, instances involving suspicion of online defamation, blasphemy, racism directed towards activists, and opposition figures have surfaced. Moreover, governmental actions such as censorship and internet shutdowns have been observed. This paper seeks to delve into the extent to which the realization of freedom of expression and privacy has progressed in the digital age amidst these challenges
The Effectiveness Of The United Nation's Role In Responding To Wars Of Aggression And Self-Defense
Full text linkTransnational or cross-country relations result in the emergence of legal problems from one country to another that requires handling through good relations based on the law in each country. This is the reason for the formation of the International Criminal Court (ICC) which is the embodiment of the international criminal policy, a rational effort of the countries in the world to jointly tackle the four core crimes which are violations of delicto jus gentium. This policy is necessary because serious violations have real elements of a direct threat to peace and security in the world. The crime of aggression as international crimes stricto sensu indicates and fulfills the requirements that the crime is included in a serious human rights crime that is contrary to the highest legal norms in international law. The research uses a normative method with a statute approach and a historical approach. The results show that the ICC's jurisdiction over war crimes is already in the Rome Statute, however, the enforcement of the ICC's jurisdiction over crimes of aggression has not implemented concretely
Coffee Product Survival Strategy Amid Global Economic and Political Uncertainty
Full text linkThe purpose of this research was to determine the effect of price and brand awareness partially and simultaneously on the decision to purchase coffee in the city of Parepare. The data analysis method used was descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS 26 application. The population in the sampling used the Roscoe formula in which the number of respondents studied as many as 45 people. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, questionnaires, documentation, and interviews. The results of this study indicated that the price partially had a positive but not meaningful effect on the decision to purchase coffee. Brand awareness partially had a positive but not significant effect on purchasing decisions for coffee. However, simultaneously, price and brand awareness had a constructive and significant effect on purchasing decisions for coffee. This is seen from the Fcount value of 17.288 > Ftable 3.21. Although the influence of other variables was greater, however, the independent variables, namely price and brand awareness, affect the trials of the dependent variable (purchase decisions) that made coffee products survive amid today’s global economic and political uncertainty
The Role of Digital Media in Social Transformation of Transitional Society in Pangandaran, West Java, Indonesia
Full text linkPangandaran is a tourist area and a new district that is experiencing rapid development in West Java, Indonesia. This study aims to reveal the existence of digital media in Pangandaran and its implications in the process of social transformation. Studying social transformation means examining the various ways in which the forces of globalization affect local communities and national societies with very diverse historical experiences, economic and social patterns, political institutions, and cultures. (Castles, 2001). The research was conducted on three local online media that reach the people of Pangandaran and its surroundings, namely radartasik.com, HarapanRakyat.com and SEPUTARPANGANDARAN.COM The method used is a case study with data collection techniques in the form of content analysis, observation and in-depth interviews. Content analysis is carried out in a narrative manner on the websites of the three media and the various social media used. The results of the study show that social media has the potential to develop the media in Pangandaran, as evidenced by the high engagement of audiences with their social media. Local media content is still considered by the community to be very limited in meeting their information needs. However, there is a significant impact related to the presence and access of digital media, especially social media, on local communities in carrying out global interactions. Digital media has also proven to be a source of information for teenagers to compare various aspects of life in their environment and in other environments. To increase the positive implications of the existence of digital media, digital literacy is needed in the community, especially regarding digital safety among teenagers in the use of digital media.
 
Women Leaders In Local Democracy In South Sulawesi
Full text linkFrom the 2009 to 2019 elections, the number of female legislators in the South Sulawesi Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) increased significantly. In the 2009 election, 12 women were elected; in the 2014 election, the number increased to 16, and in the 2019 election, 26 women were elected as legislators, which met the 30% quota for women in parliament. However, the affirmative policies in the legislative domain do not apply to the executive realm. The regulation that stipulates the quota of 30% for women only covers legislative elections; in regional head elections, the quota is not accommodated. For this reason, women candidates (political party candidates and independent candidates) for regional heads are less accommodated. In fact, in the simultaneous regional head elections (2005 until now), only one woman has been elected as a regent in South Sulawesi. This paper studies women leaders in local democracy in South Sulawesi, especially in relation to the simultaneous regional elections in 2020. The descriptive, qualitative research method is used, and the processed data include secondary and primary data. This research follows several steps: problem identification and formulation, data collection, data processing and analysis, drawing conclusions, and verification. The results of the study illustrate that the lack of emergence of women candidates as regional heads in South Sulawesi is due to structural and cultural constraints, which are still strong. Some conclusions were reached: (1) Regulations governing the election of regional heads have not been in favour of female candidates, even though regulations governing legislative elections are very pro-female candidates. (2) Political parties have not seriously supported women as candidates for regional heads, but they are still oligarchic. (3) The support given by the public to women candidates for regional heads is still low. (4) The role of gender-based social institutions has not been maximized to encourage women to become regional heads. (5) The patriarchal culture is still strong in the society, making women candidates for regional heads less appreciated. Several suggestions are given: The regulations governing regional head elections need to be revised to make them more pro-female candidates. Likewise, regulations related to political parties need to be revised in relation to education and political representation that is more proportional for women.
 
The Role of Interpol in the Settlement of Cybercrime Cases Under the Budapest Convention on Cybercrimes
Full text linkInterpol is an international police organization that has the main function of information sharing regarding transnational and international crimes between its representatives in member countries. Constitution of ICPO-INTERPOL indicates that one of its aims is to ensure and promote the widest possible mutual assistance between all police authorities within the legal boundaries that exist in various countries and in the spirit of ‘universal declaration of human rights’. The purpose of this article is to explore the effect of the Budapest Convention on the performance of Interpol in the fight against cybercrime cases. The Budapest Convention on Cybercrimes is an agreement based on an international decision to enhance state cooperation in dealing with cybercrime. In addition, this paper highlights the point that Interpol's arrangements as stated in the Budapest Convention are for both international treaty participants and non-international treaty participants. The results indicate that Interpol's performance in resolving cybercrime cases has been improved by the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime
Rwandan ethnoscape more than 400 years later: The failure of de-ethnicization policy?
Full text linkRwanda is inhabited by three groups of people called Tutsi Twa and Hutu. Regardless of how their social and political uses shaped the history of the country, they are still disputed semantics. They are differently approached and given different appellations such as caste, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic groups, etc.; despite the prohibition of the use of these social groups in public after the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi, they are still prevalent in the contemporary Rwandan sociopolitical space and used equally by ordinary people and political elites. The question of whether Tutsi Twa and Hutu are socio-economic groups or distinct ethnic identities was solved using a comparative literature review approach in anthropology and theories of ethnic groups and ethnicity. It is now more than 400 years later that, contrary to the socio-economic status school widely accepted; due to marginalization, discrimination, instrumentalization, and politicization, the former socio-economic groups Hutu Twa and Tutsi evolved to be distinct ethnic identities. I argue also that besides ethnic denial and amnesia, like the previous ones, the current Rwandan socio-political arena is still built on ethnocentrism. Contrary to the widely accepted narrative that the ethnicization or racialization of Tutsi Twa and Hutu is the work of white colonizers, they only strengthened the already existing social divide and ethnicization. Since current theoretical approaches to ethnicity do not suit the current Rwandan ethnoscape, a modified version of the integrated theory of Philip Q Yang, the integrated-blame game theory was proposed. The aim of this paper is to debunk the current ethnic denial and amnesia and de-ethnicization policies currently practiced as instruments used to cover the continued ethnicity-based socio-economic marginalization process and that blaming all evils on colonizers mislead the search for everlasting solutions to Rwandan socio-political problems
The Implication of the Terrorist Label Given to a Rebel Group by the State
Full text linkThis study aims to analyze the implications of giving a terrorist label to a rebel group by the state. The research method used is normative legal research by analyzing the laws relating to the problem under this study. The data obtained is secondary data. The results of the study indicate that under international law, terrorism is a serious international crime and is categorized as a heavy violation of human rights that must be eradicated by any country. In international law, the labeling of “terrorists” means that states must take action in accordance with the 1999 International Convention on the Financing of Terrorism. This makes the rebel organizations that have given the terrorist status viewed as dangerous organizations internationally and therefore other countries can participate in eradicating the rebel organization