Gyandhara International Academic Publication (GIAP): Journals
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USE OF CYBER HATE IN THE ELECTORAL CAMPAIGNS BY THE MAINSTREAM POLITICAL PARTIES OF PAKISTAN
No full textPurpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to examine the use of cyber hate by the Pakistan’s mainstream political parties. The issue of poll rigging in Pakistan’s General Elections 2013 is examined through discourse analysis of the related tweets. The study also aims at comprehending the extent to which cyber ethics were violated during the digital electoral campaigns.
Methodology: Discourse Analysis of the tweets generated from the official Twitter handles of PTI and PMLN leaders was conducted to examine the use of cyber hate by the Pakistan’s mainstream political parties. Violation of cyber ethics was explored through the qualitative interviews of 8 purposively selected social media managers of PMLN, PPP, and PTI.
Main Findings: The findings indicated that party leadership/politicians used the elements of cyber hate which included abusive language, provocation, and character assassination against their opponents during the digital electoral campaign in general and regarding the poll rigging issue of Pakistan’s General Elections 2013 in specific. Resultantly the tweets using strong adjectives and metaphors on the political opponents were more frequently re-tweeted and attracted more favorites.
Applications of this study: The study can be helpful in various cross-disciplinary areas that focus on the examination of the usage and impact of social media and cyberspace as a medium for hate speech dissemination. The study can significantly contribute to areas related to cyber ethics, digital electoral campaigning, freedom of expression, and political opinion building.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The study’s originality lies in its attempt to unfold the foundations of digital electoral campaigning in Pakistan and how cyberhate was used as a pivotal tool for advancing the political narratives in a fragile democratic society
DO PERSONALITY AND GENDER MITIGATE THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF EMOTIONAL LABOR? EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM HEALTHCARE DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
No full textPurpose: The impact of emotional labor on organizational outcomes is contingent upon numerous factors. Moreover, after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, the implications of emotional labour practices, especially among physicians, have become more uncertain. This study aims to address these notions by examining the multigroup moderating effect of social and enterprising personalities and gender on a model of emotional labour. The aim is to determine whether emotional labour affects emotional exhaustion and well-being varies across these groups.
Methodology: Serial mediation and multigroup moderation methods were employed to test the proposed hypotheses. Data was collected from 400 physicians across Pakistan. Snowball sampling method was adopted for data collection. Structural equation modelling, including serial mediation and multigroup moderation techniques were employed for data analysis.
Main Findings: Physicians with highly social personalities and low enterprising personalities are more likely to experience detrimental effects of surface acting. Genuine emotions improve well-being for high social and enterprising as well as low enterprising personality physicians. No across-group differences exist for deep acting. For gender, females are found to be more susceptible to negative repercussions of emotional labor than their male counterparts. Positive effect of genuine emotions remains somewhat the same for both.
Implications/Applications: This study assists healthcare organizations in making the right choices during the recruitment and selection process to choose the most suitable candidates for tasks involving emotional labor, i.e., ones whose personality and gender attributes are aligned with the affective or emotional component of work. This would aid in ensuring doctors’ high psychological and physical well-being at work.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This research proposes a model of emotional labour strategies and their effects on physicians' emotional exhaustion and well-being. Multigroup moderating effects of two personality types, i.e., social and enterprising, and gender, are investigated with respect to the proposed model to see if there lie any differences between physicians belonging to various personality or gender groups
AN ECOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF LINGUISTIC DISCOURSES IN ADVERTISEMENTS FRAME STORIES TO ENHANCE THEIR IMPORTANCE TO REPLACE NATURAL PRODUCTS
No full textPurpose of the study: The purpose of the research is to analyze the linguistic features of the advertisements, to reveal the stories, developed by manufacturers, which appear to be ecologically protective and aligned with the values of ecosophy. Further, it aims to identify the role of language in establishing ecological preferences for consumers.
Methodology: The data has been collected from the official websites of five food manufacturing companies, which is made limited to beverages and dairy products. The advertisements are analysed under the theoretical framework of Agenda Setting Theory and Framing Theory, using the model of ecolinguistic analysis by Stibbe (2015).
Main Findings: It is incurred that the food manufacturing companies develop different stories that are succinctly insinuated, where the readers consider them mundane but the stories instill certain perceptions in readers’ minds and tame the purchase choices of consumers in daily life, through the use of language.
Application of this study: The research dismantles the ecological stance of the discourses and evaluates them in the light of ecosophy, it is helpful for the general public to identify the ecologically destructive discourses and how food manufacturers can improvise their discourses to increase consumerism. The language is used in such an emollient manner that the readers assume it to be for the sake of marketing but they clad the ideology of consumerism in each story.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The study is unique in the sense that it involves the area of linguistics in combination with ecology. It unveils how linguistics discourses in advertisements frame stories to replace the use of natural products. The linguistic discourses are used as a tool for commercial purposes, however, the purpose is to commercially glorify the product as a better source of natural outcome in front of consumers
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND WORK-LIFE BALANCE: A STUDY OF WORKING WOMEN TEACHERS IN PUBLIC SECTOR UNIVERSITIES
No full textPurpose of the study: The present study focuses to explore the relationship of emotional intelligence with the work-life balance of working women at the university level in Pakistan. The objectives of the study were: i) to determine the level of emotional intelligence and work-life balance of working women of public sector universities in KP; ii) to find out the relationship between emotional intelligence and work-life balance of working women of the public sector universities in KP.
Methodology: The study was quantitative in nature and the survey method was used to collect data. The population consisted of all working women of public sector universities in KP. The sample of the study consisted of 350 working women randomly selected from 06 universities public sector universities. In this respect, two research instruments were developed one for measuring work-life balance and the second for measuring Emotional Intelligence. Data were collected after seeking consent from the working women. The data were analyzed by using statistical techniques.
Main Findings: It was found that the majority of the working women had high emotional intelligence with a high work-life balance. A significant correlation was found between emotional intelligence and the work-life balance of working women. It was concluded that high emotional intelligence leads to a high work-life balance.
Applications of this study: Therefore, it is recommended that university administration may develop such programs and policies that may facilitate employees’ work-life balance. Higher authorities may arrange training sessions for stress management which may help employees to reduce their stress and keep balance in their personal and professional life.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The readers may come to know about the emotional intelligence and work-life balance of working teachers especially women in higher institutions and how both factors are correlated
REFLECTIONS ON POETIC MODELS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE: AN ANALYSIS OF VAN DE VAN’S TYPOLOGY IN LITERARY, LINGUISTIC, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND MANAGERIAL PERSPECTIVE
No full textPurpose of the study: This article is an attempt to reflect on and locate similarities and develop synchronicity between the fields of organizational change, management, psychology, language, and literature. The reflective learning takes place through reflective practice conducted on literature and organizations to generate new knowledge and ways to comprehend and deal with issues. Thus, the rationale for uniting contributions of management and English can be logically found in the processes of nature and human life.
Methodology: This article is based on rational reasoning and critical analytic comparisons that aptly explain that the four models of organizational change are not new rather proclaimed in poetic expressions several years or a century ago.
Main Findings: The organizational models of change are reflected in literature which has explained how Management by Objectives, organization as systems, mechanistic and organic organizations work and how they can be maneuvered towards increasing organizational productivity and performance.
Applications of this study: This inquiry shall help further examination of various fields to develop new management concepts through bargain and borrowing.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This article, through reasoning and analysis, has developed four life like models i.e., Miltonic, Frostian, Shelleyan, and Eliotic models of organizational change which seem to be preceding the current existing theories on teleological, life cycle, evolutionary and dialectical models of organizational change
ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE FARM FAMILIES WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN PAKISTAN
No full textPurpose of the study: The main purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of farm families with a special focus on primary school children in Punjab.
Methodology: This study was conducted in tehsil Jaranwala, Faisalabad. Five villages and two primary schools were selected from each village randomly. From these schools, 323 children whose fathers were farmers were selected as samples. A cross-sectional research design was used for the present study. In this context, an interview schedule was prepared and face-to-face interviews were administered to collect the required data.
Main Findings: The chi-square analysis confirmed that education, and income of parents associated factors had a statistically significant (P<0.05) and positive correlation with BMI. Descriptive statistics indicated poverty was ranked 1st among reasons for malnutrition followed by inappropriate dietary choices and unavailability of healthy foods with mean values of 4.25 and 4.11, respectively. Whereas, children don't want to come to school due to poor health" was ranked 1st in all effects of poor health with a mean value of 4.50.
Applications of the study: This study has highlighted the importance of the nutritional status of primary school-going children and also investigates the different factors that inverse impact on their health. This study will be proved helpful among farm families by creating awareness about the nutrition of children. Based on the findings of this study, the urge to the government to take steps to improve the literacy level and build strategies to improve the awareness level of mothers about the nutrition of children, especially in rural areas.
The novelty of the Study: This is the first study that investigates the assessment of the nutritional status of school-going children of farm families in Punjab, Pakistan especially in tehsil Jaranwala, Faisalabad
EMPLOYEES’ ENGAGEMENT AND CUSTOMERS’ LOYALTY FOR UTILITARIAN SERVICES: A MODERATED MEDIATION MODEL
No full textPurpose of the study: The present study aimed to determine the impact of employee engagement on customers’ loyalty through customers’ engagement. Moreover, this study also aimed to examine the moderating role of customers’ trust and the mediating role of customers’ engagement on the relationship between employees’ engagement and customers’ loyalty.
Methodology: The data were collected from 220 insurance service users through a non-probability sampling technique. Data reliability and validity were confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis and hypotheses were tested through Andrew F. Hayes model 7.
Main Findings: Results show a significant direct effect of employee engagement on customers’ loyalty. Moreover, the findings confirmed the significant role of customers’ engagement as a mediator between employee engagement and customers’ loyalty. Results also confirmed customers’ trust moderating effect between employee engagement and customers’ engagement. Furthermore, the result confirmed the mediation of trust-based-customers engagement between the link of employee engagement and customers’ loyalty.
Applications of this study: This study would have some positive repercussions for utilitarian services such as insurance services providers. For instance, this study's findings revealed the process through which companies can make customers more loyal. Insurance companies through their employees' engagement and customer engagement can make a dyade that can better explain customers’ loyalty.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study explored the underlying mechanism that links employee engagement to customers’ loyalty. Moreover, this study introduces a new term “trust-based engagement” as an important attribute in enhancing customers’ loyalty in general and particularly for insurance companies
TEACHER EDUCATION: A STANDARDS-BASED ANALYSIS
No full textPurpose of the study: This article aims to critically discuss the standards-based approach to language teacher education which was very popular initially in Britain and later in other parts of the world where it started to be followed as an ideal model for language teacher education. Given its popularity, a need was identified to have a critical appraisal of this popular approach for the benefit of the relevant stakeholders.
Methodology: For this purpose, this analytical article throws light on both the strengths and weaknesses of this approach through a review of other relevant empirical studies set in different educational contexts as stored in different databases and draws from a range of studies to evaluate and summarise the issues about the standards-based approach to language teacher education.
Main Findings: In light of the review findings, it is found and suggested that the standards-based approach should not have completely relied upon teacher education programs. Teacher education must be conceived of not as the experience and interpretation of a pre-determined prescribed pedagogic practice. However, if adopted in any way, the weaknesses of the standards-based approach can be mitigated if used in combination with other approaches.
Applications of this study: This study will provide stakeholders with a better understanding of the purpose and benefits of the implementation of a standards-based approach in a student-centred classroom.
The originality of this study: This study seems valuable as there exist quite limited studies, especially the recent ones, on the said topic, therefore, this study might seem to be beneficial for the relevant stakeholders who are interested in the implementation of a standards-based approach in a student-centred classroom
DETERMINANTS OF BANK PROFITABILITY: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM A PACIFIC SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATE
No full textPurpose: This study aims to investigate the determinants of profitability of the Fijian banks for the 2001-2019 periods. Using several bank-specific and external variables, and covering nineteen years, researchers measure the impact of each variable on Return on Average Assets, Return on Average Equity, and Net Interest Margin.
Methodology: The sample of this study comprises five commercial banks and two credit financiers. Purposive sampling is employed resulting in 133 audited financial statements. Stata version 16 is used for multivariate econometric analysis and hypothesis testing.
Main Findings: The results of this research show that bank size, risk, and exchange rate positively impacts bank profitability while management efficiency, broad money supply, and quality of regulation negatively affect profitability. On the other hand, the level of liquidity, economic growth, and inflation do not have any impact on profitability.
Application of this study: The findings of this study can be of significance for regulators as well as financial institutions in policy development and market oversight to ensure the sustainability of financial institutions.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Few studies have so far been carried out on the banking sector in Fiji with only one focusing on profitability determinants. This study, using accounting financial ratios and several macroeconomic variables is unique in the sense that it uses several external variables not considered previously
SELF-ASSESSMENT REPORTS FOR ACADEMIC PROGRESS: EVIDENCE FROM BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION FACULTIES OF HEIs IN AN EMERGING ECONOMY
No full textPurpose of the study: Quality Enhancement Cells (QECs) are prudent and play a dynamic role in the advancement of quality in higher education. This study examined the role and significance of QEC's in HEIs in an emerging economy like Pakistan.
Methodology: This study is conducted on the perceived benefits of Self-Assessment Reports (SARs) to have an initial guideline for further investigation on the role of QECs. The research model for this study has been formulated from the outcomes of SARs devised in a previous similar study. The model was evaluated through quantitative analysis using SmartPLS, determining SARs benefits associated with academia and students.
Main Findings: The empirical findings indicated that faculty perception regarding SARs and their benefits are positive and the relationship between the assessed variables is significant.
Applications of this study: The study findings will benefit the policymakers in HEIs to induct SARs as an organizational development tool.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This research is novel in its nature as limited research work regarding SAR and QEC evaluation in Pakistan has hindered the research-related activities and strategic planning in this area.