Gyandhara International Academic Publication (GIAP): Journals
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MODERNITY AND CHANGING CULTURAL PATTERNS IN PAKISTAN
No full textPurpose of the Study: The present study is intended to determine the level of modernity and cultural change among university students. In addition, the study is also aimed to calculate the relationship between modernity and cultural change.
Methodology: Sequential mixed-method research approach is deployed in this study. Initially, the researcher used a quantitative research approach and surveyed the students using a cross-sectional survey design. A two-stage probability sampling technique was used, and a total of 420 students were selected using the stratified sampling technique and simple random sampling technique, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 version.
Principal Findings: The results indicated that modernity and cultural change is not uniform among the respondents, but they varied as per the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. However, it is more visible in the material aspect of life than the non-material aspect of the social life among the students. In addition, results also indicated a positive relationship between modernity and changing culture among students.
Applications of the study: The results and findings of the study draw the attention of policymakers and researchers to take necessary steps to increase the benefits of modernity and cultural change and decrease the negative consequences of modernity and cultural change. Special measures are needed to protect local indigenous culture as well.
Novelty/Originality of this Study: The contribution of this study is a university student and modernity in changing values most prominent tool that makes us able to survive in society is cultural patterns through which we learn all that we need to survive and learn behavior, norms, customs repetition of acceptable action, etc. In the nineteenth century, modernization involves culture, and hence it is clear that modern tends are changing old ties of culture
DIVIDEND POLICY, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND EARNINGS QUALITY: A CASE OF NON-FINANCIAL LISTED FIRMS OF PAKISTAN
No full textPurpose of the study: This research empirically examined the impact of the dividend policy and corporate governance attributes (board size, board meetings, audit quality, nomination committee, board independence, remuneration committee, and CEO duality) on earnings quality (EQ) of the firms in Pakistan.
Methodology: The study used secondary data of 148 non-financial listed companies of the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) with 1450 firm-year observations over 10 years from 2010 to 2019. Earning quality was assessed by the earnings management, while the values of the discretionary accruals were used to measure earnings management by employing the Modified jones model (1995). Panel regression analysis examined the impact of independent variables (dividend policy & characteristics of CG) on the dependent variable (EQ).
Main Findings: Results revealed that the dividend policy showed no significant impact on earnings quality. Also, the results indicated that the audit quality and remuneration committee have a significant negative impact on earning management and a positive impact on earning quality. However, the results illustrate that the large board size, board meetings, CEO duality, firm size, and leverage have a positive influence on earnings management and a negative impact on earnings quality. Overall the study found that the corporate governance characteristics, firm size, and leverage influence the earnings quality of the firms in Pakistan.
Applications of this study: The empirical results of the study will help to improve the understanding of dividend policy & corporate governance attributes in relationship with the EQ. Second, as dividend is considered one of the most important factors influencing investment decisions, so this endeavour will clarify to the investors and regulators that whether dividend will predict the quality of earnings in Pakistani firms.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study extends the literature of earnings quality that is very thin in Pakistan
RURAL WOMEN’S EXPERIENCE OF LEISURE IN A GENDERED WORLD: A SOUTH ASIAN PERSPECTIVE
No full textPurpose of the Study: The main objective of this paper was to synthesize and analysing the existing knowledge to evaluate the effect of public space on women’s leisure. Another major objective was to check the role of gender in determining leisure activities and opportunities for rural women. The current study focuses on South Asian rural women concerning Pakistani society.
Methodology: For the present study, the researchers analysed and reviewed articles from different databases like Google Scholar, Taylor, and Francis, Springer, and Sage publication journals from 2000 to 2020.
Principal Findings: After reviewing the various studies conducted in the 21st century, the results showed that most rural women are not allowed to do leisure in public space, and they have few opportunities to do it inside the boundary of the household. The public space is used predominantly by males for their leisure. Family pressure and patriarchal social norms also hampered women’s desire to claim public space for leisure activities.
Application of the Study: This study concluded that the leisure opportunities for rural women are less as compared to their counterparts. Public space is vital and plays a pivotal role in shaping and determining leisure activities for both genders. This study also raised certain questions which are thought-provoking and can be crucial for future investigation.
Novelty/Originality: this study is a unique effort to discuss rural women’s leisure from a South Asian Perspective. It also gives insight with the support of most recent data regarding rural women’s leisure and its relationship with the social structure of society
THE ROLE OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT TOWARDS HOUSEHOLD POVERTY REDUCTION: EVIDENCE FROM PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
No full textPurpose of the study: This study intends to examine the impact of various dimensions of women empowerment on multiple constituents of household poverty in the three cities (Lahore, Multan and, Rawalpindi) of province Punjab, Pakistan.
Methodology: The primary data was gathered from a sample of 2400 married and employed females belonging to the three cities of Punjab, Pakistan. For analysis, the study develops its own all-embracing Women Empowerment and Household Poverty variables using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and examines the relationship between the empowerment of women and household poverty using structural equation modeling (SEM).
Main Findings: The results show that women empowerment positively and significantly contributes towards household poverty reduction.
Applications of this study: Since poverty is one of the greatest challenges that Pakistan is facing today, the need to change poor standards of living and inspiring women to contribute effectively to society through their active participation in the development process is the dire need of time. The results of the study suggest that in addition to targeting poverty directly, policies should be devised that eradicate poverty through the empowerment of women.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The majority of the past studies have limited generalizability because they use already available surveys/published data, having limited dimensions/indicators of women empowerment and household poverty. Moreover, the past studies that have examined the phenomenon of women empowerment ignore its psychological dimensions. Therefore, because of minimal comprehensive investigation, the examination of the effect of the empowerment of women on household poverty remains a topic of interest for the researchers
THE STUDY OF POWER DYNAMICS AND IDENTITY CRISIS IN SORAYYA KHAN’S CITY OF SPIES
No full textPurpose of the study: This study investigates the identity crises and power relations drawing upon Michel Foucault's theory of power tracing the impacts of power dynamics. The study investigates how power dynamics operate in the novel; what is the nature of these power relations; and how the mode of resistance emerges and in what ways by keeping the concept of power and identity by Michel Foucault.
Methodology: This part follows the qualitative method in which Sorayya Khan’s City of Spies is analyzed through Foucault's theory of power. The theoretical background of this research is drawn from the concept of Power which is running in all works of Foucault.
Main Findings: This study has examined the novel from a Foucauldian perspective, which posits that Power is everywhere and it comes from everywhere. For him, it is Power which/that shapes everything whether it is Truth or Identity. Foucault sees power as all-around invisibility that exposes rather than encloses like the panopticon. The society he believes works as a panopticon in which the power effectively induces in the subjects a state of conscious and permanent visibility that assures the automatic functioning of power.
Applications of this study: This study can be applied to power dynamics literature.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The current interpretation of the novel only sees it as a bildungsroman i.e., as a journey of a girl around the political reality of her era. This present study strives to change it by investigating through the lens of power dynamics and its consequent effect on consciousness leading to an identity crisis. The present study will strengthen the interpretation of the novel as a political novel and will illustrate the effects of the political on the human psyche
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON SOCIAL COHESION AND ROLE OF MUSLIM COMMUNITIES TO TACKLE THE CHALLENGE
No full textPurpose of the study: This research is focused on examining the impact of Covid-19 on societal social cohesion. Furthermore, the role of Muslim communities in tackling the challenges has also been investigated in detail.
Methodology: The discussed research is conducted by detailed analysis of the related literature. This paper is thus based upon the secondary data gathered from different sources including newspapers, articles published in journals, books, and reports from diverse non-governmental, and governmental organizations.
Main Findings: The biggest challenge for the globe at this crucial time is isolation and social distancing as it has impacted the world at a large level. Social interaction is vital for human existence, and its absence leads to stressed, anxious, and depressed life. Also, it hampers the economic growth of the state. Muslim communities have been afflicted with various difficulties in the context of their religious matters due to this pandemic. They have even paused their major religious tasks like Pilgrimage, congregations, and Namaz-e-Jummah to prevent the people from deadly consequences of the pandemic.
Applications of this study: This study can be useful in examining the impacts of COVID-19 disease on social cohesion. Furthermore, it can be used in understanding the concept of Social cohesion according to the point of view of the Quran and Sunnah. Additionally, it aids in exploring the steps taken by the Islamic world in tackling this disease and its impacts on social togetherness.
The originality of this study: This is a comprehensive study on the impacts brought about by Covid-19 on social cohesion. Also, the role played by Muslim societies in handling the social challenges imposed by Covid-19 is the focus of this study. Moreover, this study encompasses the Islamic way and guidance by Quran and Sunnah to tackle the pandemic situations
EMPLOYEE RETICENCE: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ITS SCALE
No full textPurpose of the study: The purpose of the study was twofold, first to find the antecedents and consequences of employee voice using the theory of planned behaviour, and second to develop, introduce and validate the construct of employee reticence (employee-silence attitude) and its scale.
Methodology: Mixed-Method Research using interviews, and questionnaire was the methodology of the study. IBM SPSS 20.0 and SmartPLS 2.0 software were used for data analysis to test and confirm face validity, content validity, reliability, item reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, nomological validity.
Main Findings: Employee reticence is a valid employee attitude. The employee silence behaviour is supported by the theory of planned behaviour. It was found that the Theory of planned behaviour applies to the situations of employee silence. The scale of employee reticence developed, as the result of this study, is valid and ready to be used by researchers, organizational behaviourists, psychologists, and HR experts.
Applications of this study: The study is applicable for change intervention programs in organizations by organizational behaviourists. The researchers can use it to explore and develop organizational and team-level attitudes of silence. Its scale is a useful tool, largely for recruiters for ensuring PO fit. It is usable to researchers for further exploration and using it as in organizational research including but not limited to Employee silence, knowledge management, and stress. Psychologists can take the lead from the concept of ER to develop similar constructs for their field for analysing their patients of stress etc. from this perspective.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The study is novel and original as the construct of employee reticence has been developed, introduced, and validated (employee-silence attitude). Further, the scale of the new construction has been constructed and validated, using standard methods
MOTIVATION FOR ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE METACOGNITIVE THINKING SKILLS AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE SUBURBS OF JERUSALEM
No full textPurpose of the study: This study aims to identify the degree of Motivation for Academic Achievement and its Relationship to the Metacognitive Thinking Skills among High School Students in the suburbs of Jerusalem.
Methodology and research methods: To achieve the objectives of this study, the relational descriptive approach was adopted. The sample of this study included (380) high school students (male and female). Data was obtained, analyzed, and processed statistically.
Results: The findings suggested that there were statistically significant differences in the means of the motivation for academic achievement due to gender in favor of females. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α ≤ 0.05) in the means of the metacognitive thinking skills among high school students due to gender, an average of the former class, or father-mother's educational qualification. Moreover, the results revealed that there was a correlation between the motivation for academic achievement and metacognitive thinking skills.
Scientific novelty: It is clear that metacognitive thinking skills improve the degree of motivation for academic achievement by increasing the capacities of the students to learn and grow their learning motivation. it is considered a strong indicator of academic success. Students with metacognitive thinking skills achieve better academic achievement compared to students who have a lower level of metacognitive thinking skills.
Practical significance: The importance of this study is expressed in the significance of the issue under consideration, as awareness of metacognitive thinking skills increases the capacity to handle and use them in various educational situations
THE EFFECT OF AUTHENTIC LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: A MODERATING ROLE OF ISLAMIC WORK ETHICS
No full textPurpose: This study aims to explore the impact of authentic leadership on employee performance and the moderating role of Islamic work ethics. There is little research on authentic leadership and employee performance in Pakistan's higher education sector. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of authentic leadership with Islamic work ethics on employee performance.
Methodology: This is a quantitative study. In this study, the convenience sampling method was used as a sampling technique. The data was collected from the higher education sector in Peshawar, and a questionnaire was circulated to 220 employees working in the various higher education sector in Peshawar. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 22 version.
Results: The results show that authentic leadership has a significant impact on employee performance. Authentic leadership also significantly influences IWE. Similarly, the interactive impact of authentic leadership and Islamic work ethics on employee performance was also found to be significant.
Applications of this study: This research can be very effective for improving authentic leadership strategies to improve the performance of employees in the higher education sector in Peshawar, Pakistan.
The Novelty of the study: The contribution of this research is Islamic work ethics using the first time between authentic leadership and employee performance, which has not been used so far. It has been found that Islamic work ethics positively moderate the link between authentic leadership and employee performance
ANTECEDENT OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION WITH IMPACT OF LOGISTICS SERVICE QUALITY, E-PAYMENT THROUGH MODERATING ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
No full textPurpose: Customer Satisfaction is the top priority in all business sectors, so the effect of different variables was evaluated on customer satisfaction which is taken as the dependent. Independent variable is e-Payment, Logistic Service Quality, and e-Traceability. Moderating Role was studied of the Use of ICT (Information and Communication Technology).
Methodology: This research was carried out on the logistic companies of major cities of Pakistan, including Islamabad, Peshawar, Lahore, and Karachi. The data was cross-sectional in nature and with the involvement of different geographical locations, data collection took a longer time. 400 questionnaires were distributed among the workers of logistic firms in the above-mentioned big cities of Pakistan. Only 298 responses were acquired out of which 258 were workable. Data were analyzed using SPSS-23.
Main Findings: Findings reveal that the moderating role of ICT is insignificant on the relationship between e-Payment and Customer Satisfaction and the use of ICT enhances the Service Quality of Logistics and Customer Satisfaction. The beneficiary of the current research would be the logistics firms of Pakistan as it encompasses different aspects influencing logistic customer satisfaction. Logistic service quality is directly linked to the customer, so the current study can benefit the logistic firm in how to retain customers and ultimately how to increase profitability.
Implications/Applications: Current research also describes the utilization of Information and Communication Technology so organizations can design their system according to the modern framework of technology.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This research study is based on different logistic services of major cities of Pakistan. The direct impact of independent variables on a dependent variable will be studied along with the moderating effect of Use of ICT on the direct relationships. The practice of logistic services has been changed due to the emergence of the concept of service quality and relationship marketing. Traditionally, logistics has been thought to be a bridge between production and consumption