African Population Studies (UAPS) / Etude de la Population Africaine (UEPA)
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Newspaper framing and climate change mitigation in Nigeria and Ghana
No full textBackground: The issue of climate change is a global one yet there exist little literature on African media coverage of climate change, even as developing nations are the worst hit by its effects.Objectives: This study compared the influence of newspaper framing on climate change mitigation in Nigeria and Ghana. It also assessed challenges editors’ face in reporting climate change.Methods: The contents of eight national newspapers for both countries were analysed and the news editors of the sampled newspapers were interviewed.Results: Findings showed that the issue of climate change was given less coverage and the dominant frame used in the Nigerian newspapers was the action frame, and environment frame for the Ghanaian newspapers, with floods as the prominent climate change issue reported in both countries. Factors identified include funding, the technicality of reporting climate change, none documentation and lack of expertise.Conclusion: There is also need for editors to look for ways in making climate change reports more interesting
Modelling regional differentials in childhood and adult mortality in Nigeria
No full textContext: Nigeria is one of the countries yet to undergo demographic transition in sub-Saharan Africa. This study provided estimates of childhood and Adult mortality across geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Data Source and Method: The parameters used in this study were estimated from 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. Child and adult mortality were estimated using Brass logit system and siblings survival method respectively and then linked using the logit life tables. Heligman pollard model was used to generate estimates of probability of death.Findings: There were regional variations in the levels of infant and under-five mortality in Nigeria, mortality was highest in the North West and least in South West. Survivorship probabilities decreased as age increased. The age patterns of childhood and adult mortality were similar across all regions. Life expectancy from birth in Nigeria was 58 years.Conclusion: The estimated mortality rates were high and varied across the regions in Nigeria. While government should not relent its efforts in childhood mortality reduction in Nigeria, more attention should be focused on children who live in the Northern part of Nigeri
Boko Haram insurgency and the management of internally displaced women in Nigeria: A situational analysis
No full textBackground:This paper evaluates the management of displaced women in Nigeria in a formal (government) camp in an attempt to contribute to finding lasting solutions to displacement and promotion of peaceful and inclusive societies towards the attainment of sustainable development (SDG-16).Objective:Attention was given to interrogating whether the management of the displacement has advanced the achievement of the sustainable development goals or otherwise. It generates information on the management of displaced women through the eyes of the human need theory.Method:The study employed focus group discussions and interviews for data collection, and content analysis techniques for data analysis.Result:It found that the management of internally displaced women in the camp has been below international standards. Conclusion:Government must find lasting solutions to the challenges of displacement through the promotion of accountable and inclusive institutions
Spatial analysis of child mortality and welfare differentials in South Africa: evidences from the 2011 Census
No full textBackground: Welfare differential is a common phenomenon among South African population which can be manifested in terms of various economic and health outcomes. Using child mortality (CM) as one of a key measure of the country’s health system, the study attempted to show its spatial distribution and the association with economic disparities in the country.Methods: The study primarily aimed to derive estimates of CM rates for the municipalities and provinces of South Africa and assessed the results in relation to some welfare measures such as poverty and inequality. The estimation of CM rates was achieved through the use of direct synthetic cohort methods with Bayesian spatial smoothing. The smoothing process helped to generate accurate municipal level estimates of CM. The model utilized information from neighboring municipalities by controlling the effects of women’s education and HIV. Results: It was found that there were clear spatial differentials of CM in the country, where at province level under-five mortality (U5M) rate (deaths per 1000 live births) ranges from 26 in Western Cape to 71 in KwaZulu-Natal. At municipal level, it ranges from 24 in City of Cape Town to 109 in uPhongolo. It was also shown that CM was higher in poorer and more unequal areas, although there were cases which had inverse relationship. For instance, several municipalities in Limpopo province scored relatively lower child mortality rates though the level of poverty is very highConclusions: The study revealed significant spatial differentials of CM in the country, which were also associated with the level of poverty and income inequality. The findings may help local and national government to implement policies more effectively and make more focused decisions for a better health outcome
Health aid and child mortality in Africa: Evidence from disaggregated analysis
No full textBackground:The international development community has been instrumental in eliniminating child deaths via its major intervention programmes, especially as it relates to bridging the finance gap of developing countries. The paper assesses the effect of health aid and its sub-categories on child mortality. Method:This was achieved by employing the System Generalized Method of Moment (SGMM) dynamic panel data estimator approach. Findings:The study found that health targeted aid was capable of reducing child death but its effectiveness declined by about 40 percent and 80 percent when controlled for institutional quality and socio-political instability respectively. Among the sub-categories, child health outcome was more responsive to aid targeting child health, newborn health, maternal health and malaria control.Conclusion:The evidence obtained would be useful in channeling resources towards the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3, which entails ending preventable deaths of children under 5 years of age
Trends and transition times in parity progression among women of reproductive age in Nigeria between 1998 and 2012
No full textContext: This study assessed the trends and transition times in parity progression among women of reproductive age in Nigeria between 1998 and 2012. Data Source & Method: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study which utilized data from the 2003, 2008 and 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. Data were analysed using Descriptive statistics, Brass P/F Ratio, Pandey and Suchrinder Parity Progression Method and Feeney and Yu Method of Period parity Progression. Findings: Our findings show that the proportion of women progressing to next parity was fairly equal for periods 1998-2002 and 2003-2007 with a slight decrease for period 2008-2012. There was a relatively consistent reduction in the speed of progression to high order parities from 1998 – 2012. Conclusion: In conclusion, not much progress has been made with respect to fertility reduction in the country. However, a reduction in the pace of progression to high order parities suggests Nigeria is experiencing a consistent but slow total fertility decline
Living arrangements in sub-Saharan Africa between modernization and ethnicity
No full textContext/Background: Sub-Saharan Africa is characterized by an extraordinary diversification of living arrangements. It is a debatable question whether these features are evolving alongside the deep economic and social changes observed in the past few decades. Despite numerous studies on family changes and their effects, very few analyses consider different ethnic and geographical contexts.Data Source and Methods: The paper observe the interaction between modernization and cultural heritage in shaping living arrangements in 10 sub-Saharan countries and in 38 ethnic groups. A temporal perspective has been adopted, comparing two successive DHS carried out between 1990 and 2013. Stratifying by ethnic groups and rural/urban contexts, factor analysis and hierarchical classification analysis investigate how living arrangements combine with fertility levels and socio-economic characteristics.Findings: The results support the large heterogeneity of living arrangements and the increase of new family forms, rather than the existence of a convergence process on a single nuclear family pattern. Ethnic background is confirmed a valid interpretative key, necessary to understand the cultural substrate in which the modernization factors brought by globalization act.Conclusion: National governments should develop and implement family policies that can raise the wellbeing of the emerging family models. In particular, family policies should support households in providing care and economic, material, psychological and affective support for their members
Reproductive Coercion and Contraceptive Use in Ethiopia
No full textContext: While intimate partner violence (IPV) is recognized as a major contributor to poor reproductive health outcomes, the relationship between IPV and contraceptive use is unclear. Reproductive coercion (RC), a mechanism by which power is maintained over a partner through enforced reproductive behaviours, could be the missing link in understanding this relationship. However, there is limited understanding of RC and contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa.Data Source and Methods: We use large-scale population based survey data from Ethiopia and examine the relationship between reproductive coercion and contraceptive use and estimate the predictors of reproductive coercion using multivariate logistic regression models.Findings: Our findings suggest a strong negative association between RC and contraceptive use after adjusting for IPV and other factors, while emotional IPV was strongly predictive of RC.Conclusion: RC can be critical for understanding how controlling behaviours and violence manifest in the reproductive arena and impact family planning decision-making
Key Triggers of domestic violence in Ghana: A victim centered analysis
Full text linkBackground: Prominent among the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is the determination to put an end to all forms of discrimination against women and girls. Unfortunately, domestic and intimate partner violence constitute enduring and particularly traumatizing forms of gendered violence.Objective: In order to effectively address this crisis, it is important that this study investigates and identifies some key triggers of domestic violence in Accra, Ghana through the situational perspective of female victims.Methods: Using a survey research design, 385 questionnaires were administered with a 64.7 percent return rate, and in-depth interviews were conducted with willing female victims of domestic abuse.Results: The study identified alcoholism, patriarchal social structures, financial subjugation and male response to women’s growing economic independence as key triggers of domestic violence.Conclusion: It suggests the need for a focused interrogation of the changing causes, impact and policy implications of intimate partner and domestic violence
Mapping incidents of infant mortality arising from gastroenteritis: a case study from South-East Nigeria
No full textBackground: The upsurge of deaths from gastroenteritis in South-East Nigeria within the last decade has become an issue of concern. Using Anambra State as a case study, this paper examined the trend of reported cases of gastroenteritis and associated fatalities among children with a view to mapping the spatial pattern and underlying causes.Data source and methods: Water samples collected from the available domestic sources in each of the selected 21 study localities were analyzed for aerobic heterotrophic count, total coliform, faecal coliform and enterococci, and regressed with gastroenteritis data sourced from the State epidemiological surveillance unit.Results: The results showed that the near-epidemic 58,269 incidents of gastroenteritis recorded in Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria between 2004 and 2008 had a spatial pattern and occurred in clusters with the highest number of 287 deaths occurring in Idemili North/South constituency. The study further showed that the consumption of contaminated water was responsible for the spread of the diseaseConclusion: Hand washing practices, food hygiene, proper waste management, and the provision of basic infrastructure for improved health outcomes among the population are suggested inorder to curb the spread of gastroenteritis