African Population Studies (UAPS) / Etude de la Population Africaine (UEPA)
Not a member yet
571 research outputs found
Sort by
The quality of care in family planning: a case study of Chogoria, Eastern Kenya
Get PDFThis paper compares the quality of family planning services in the catchment areas of Chogoria and Maua hospitals, both in the Meru district of Kenya. The quality issues compared are personnel, types of methods, information, recruiting and counselling of clients, knowledge and source of modern contraceptives, desired family size, use of contraceptives, and satisfaction of providers and clients. A comparative approach is adopted to study the aspects of family planning that have made Chogoria relatively more successful than Maua and the rest of Kenya. The data used in this analysis is qualitative and was collected through personal observation, interviews, and group discussions with health care providers. The results show that while the family planning programmes of Chogoria and Maua are comparable in many respects, there are also important differences. For example, Chogoria family planning personnel were more knowledgeable about contraceptives and were more satisfied with the training provided by Chogoria hospital than were their counterparts in Maua. The relationship between the senior and the junior staff was more cordial in Chogoria. The content of the information about contraceptives provided to women attending clinics was similar in both hospitals. But the teachers in Chogoria were more knowledgeable and confident than those in Maua. In Chogoria, the decision to use family planning is jointly taken by the husband and the wife, and if a client fails to turn up for an appointment a follow-up is scheduled. In Maua, the decision to use family planning is taken unilaterally by the wife and defaulters are not followed up. The study showed that 78 percent and 33 percent of the participants were using modern family planning methods in Chogoria and Maua respectively. Three conclusions are drawn from the study. First, that the satisfaction of family planning providers and their clients contributes positively towards more knowledge and use of modern contraceptives. Second, that women feel more secure and comfortable with the methods they use if their husbands are involved in deciding whether or not to adopt them. Finally, follow-up services for those who fail to attend appointments helps to strengthen rapport between providers and clients and provides an opportunity to learn of the circumstances that lead to discontinuing the use of contraceptives
Les Determinants Demographiques Et Socio-Economiques Du Confiage Des Enfants Au Burkina Faso
Get PDFAu Burkina Faso, comme dans plusieurs autres pays de l’Afriquesub-saharienne, traditionnellement, nombreux sont les enfantsqui par la pratique du confiage sont temporairement ou dans lelong terme placés par leurs parents biologiques dans d’autresfamilles (le plus souvent apparentées) avec pour objectifs leursocialisation et leur éducation. La présente étude montred’abord, qu’avec la crise économique la pratique de confiages’est amplifiée ; ensuite, elle n’échappe pas à l’influence desinégalités sociales et économiques entre les familles, desgroupes sociaux et des milieux de résidence et enfin on observeun changement dans le temps de ses déterminants. Lareproduction de cette pratique dans un contexte social,économique et géographique différents favorise de nouvellesformes et de modalités qui donnent lieu à penser à l’exploitationet au trafic des enfantsAu Burkina Faso, comme dans plusieurs autres pays de l’Afrique sub-saharienne, traditionnellement, nombreux sont les enfants qui par la pratique du confiage sont temporairement ou dans le long terme placés par leurs parents biologiques dans d’autres familles (le plus souvent apparentées) avec pour objectifs leur socialisation et leur éducation. La présente étude montre d’abord, qu’avec la crise économique la pratique de confiage s’est amplifiée ; ensuite, elle n’échappe pas à l’influence des inégalités sociales et économiques entre les familles, des groupes sociaux et des milieux de résidence et enfin on observe un changement dans le temps de ses déterminants. La reproduction de cette pratique dans un contexte social, économique et géographique différents favorise de nouvelles formes et de modalités qui donnent lieu à penser à l’exploitation et au trafic des enfants
Aspects of Home Environment and Adolescent Sexual Behaviour in Southwestern Nigeria
Get PDFThis study examines adolescent sexual behaviour within the context of the home environment (urban low, medium and high residential density) in which the yougsters live. Spatial variations in five variables measuring sexual behaviour: first sex experience, age of first sex, identity of sexual partner, use of family planning (FP) and number of sexual partner were analysed with ANOVA. The data obtained from a survey of 1670 adolescents in two pre-colonial cities in South Western Nigeria reveals that pre-marital sexual relations among urban adolescents is not only becoming a near universal phenomenon, but also the mean age of first sexual encounter is declining. Of great concern is the identity of sexual partners, which now includes commercial sex hawkers. Also noteworthy is the high level of sexual activity with about 3 out of every 4 adolescents having sex with more than one partner in the last six months of the study. These practices are most prominent in the high density home environment. Against the background of observed widespread non-use of FP, the findings of this study raise concern about the public health importance of STIs, and the fact that conventional STIs facilitate the acquisition and transmission of HIV. The need to focus more policy and programme attention on adolescent sexuality behaviour is compelling.
Protection before the harm: The case of condom use at the onset of premarital
Get PDFCondom protection has been linked to HIV decline, but the goal to prevent infections before any harm informs this focus on condom use at premarital sexual debut. The study builds on the proposition that condom use at first intercourse is an immediate indicator of the risks associated with the encounter and the propensity of subsequent condom use consistently and regularly. Data from the 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey and binary logistic regression models were utilized to examine the predictors of condom use at premarital sexual debut among Nigerian youths aged 15-24. The analysis identified significant independent effects of age at sexual debut, living arrangements, level of education, and household economic status, with the strongest effect linked to ethnic origin. The findings underscore the complexity of socio-cultural contexts that influence sexual behavior across groups within one country, and the importance of a multi-factor policy perspective for effective behavior interventions
POPULATION POLICIES : FORMULATION,IMPLEMENTATION AND PROSPECTS KEY ISSUES IN NIGERIA’S POPULATION POLICY IN THE 1990S
Get PDFThis paper reviews Nigeria's population policy which was adopted during the first quarter of 1988. The policy has been adopted at a time of social and economic stress. The policy document is divided into eight sections, each section highlights demographic and socio-economic aspects of the society. The major constraints to the realisation of the policy objectives are mentioned and the future prospects to the year 2000 are appraised
Fertility Transition in Nigeria: Exploring the Role of Desired Number of Children
Get PDFReports have suggested the onset of fertility transition in Nigeria and speculations are rife about the factors driving the observed fertility changes. This study investigates if and how 'desired number of children' influences the observed fertility change in the country, utilizing information collected from twenty-four focus group discussion (FGD) sessions conducted across the country. The results show that people are revising the number of children they are having downward, but the desired number of children remains high. Religion and culture are key drivers of current desired number of children but changing socio-economic factors greatly limit the actual number of children people have. The desired number of children does not play noticeable role in the observed fertility transition in Nigeria, posing significant challenges for policies and programmes that aim to lower desired number of children for sustainable fertility level in the country
Fertility Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa: Falling and Stalling
Get PDFThis paper uses data from the Demographic and Health Surveys to examine the current status of fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa, including the extent to which fertility decline has stalled. Among the two dozen countries covered by multiple surveys, 22 have initiated fertility transition, and a third of these countries have experienced stalling of fertility decline. We study the links between changes in contraceptive use, fertility preferences, and socioeconomic development (as reflected in changes in women's education, infant and child mortality, and real per-capita economic growth) and fertility decline and stalling. Changes in the measures of socioeconomic development are all related to the likelihood of stalling. We also analyze determinants of age-specific fertility rates in urban and rural places, and assess future prospects for fertility decline in the region. Progress in increasing women's educational attainment and in reducing infant and child mortality are identified as key factors contributing to sustained fertility decline
Does the contribution of women to household expenditure explain contraceptive use? An assessment of the relevance of bargaining theory to Africa
Get PDFThis paper draws on the concept of bargaining theory to interpret contraceptive decision-making among women who express a desire to limit or space children. Bargaining theory assumes conflict in decision making within households and posits that such conflict is resolved through bargaining. Women’s bargaining power is said to increase with more control of resources. The underlying assumption is that household decisions are governed by economics. This paper acknowledges that economics may influence reproductive decisions, but posits that African social norms and institutions are more important in defining conjugal roles than spousal relative economic contribution to family expenditure. Findings from seven African countries show that women who contribute more income to household expenditure are no more likely to adopt family planning as predicted by bargaining theory. These results bring into question theoretical perspectives that are sometimes promoted as generic explanatory models without validation in specific cultural settings
Trends in Contraceptive Use in Kenya, 1989-1998: The Role of Socio-economic, Cultural and Family Planning Factors
Get PDFThis paper uses the 1989 and 1998 KDHS data sets to examine the role of socioeconomic, cultural and family planning factors in explaining the observed increase in contraceptive use in Kenya during the 1989-1998 period. The key finding of the study is that the increase in the use of modern methods of contraception during this period was not due to the socio-economic changes or the improved family planning environment which occurred during the period, but was rather due to the increased use of contraceptives among those who approved family planning and those who had not experienced an infant/child death. The main conclusion drawn from these findings is that studies focusing on explaining the trends in contraceptive use should take into account the changing patterns of association between the various factors on one hand and contraceptive use on the other
Développement local, pauvreté et pratique contraceptive en Côte d’Ivoire
Get PDFLa Côte d’Ivoire fait partie des pays d’Afrique subsaharienne n’ayant pas connu de politique de planification familiale jusqu’à la fin des années 1990. En revanche, une baisse de la fécondité peut être constatée depuis les années 1980, baisse qui s’articule avec une certaine progression de la prévalence contraceptive. Ce début de transition de la fécondité, qui se développe avec de fortes distinctions selon les milieux de résidence et les niveaux d’instruction, s’opère sous l’effet conjugué des facteurs de modernisation (urbanisation, développement de l’éducation et des services de santé, amélioration du statut de la femme, baisse de la mortalité des enfants, etc.). Mais cette transition s’inscrit également dans un contexte d’accroissement des contraintes économiques s’exerçant sur les ménages et les individus, de paupérisation et de précarité croissante de certaines couches de la population. En utilisant les données de l’EDS de 1994 et un modèle d’analyse multi niveau, cet article étudie la pratique contraceptive en Côte d’Ivoire en vue d’identifier les facteurs individuels et contextuels explicatifs du recours aux méthodes de contraception, modernes d’un coté, naturelles et traditionnelles de l’autre. Les questions suivantes sont explorées dans le texte : les différences socio-économiques locales et individuelles, et notamment la pauvreté inégalement répartie des conditions de vie, influencent-elles l’usage de la contraception ? Les différences d’accessibilité aux services de planification familiale, selon le secteur de résidence, contribuent-elles à la distinction des prévalences contraceptives ? Quels sont les effets des interactions entre l’éducation et les variables des contextes régionaux et locaux sur la pratique contraceptive ? L’analyse multivariée, utilisée dans cette étude, permet de répondre à ces différentes questions parce qu’elle met en évidence la variation de la pratique contraceptive entre les milieux et les facteurs individuels et contextuels intervenant à l’intérieur de chacun d’eux. Concernant les facteurs individuels, l’importance de l’instruction de la femme, et dans une moindre mesure de son conjoint qui est généralement son chef de ménage, est démontrée ; concernant les facteurs du ménage et du contexte local, l’effet primordial du niveau de vie est mis en valeur. L’ensemble des résultats confirme l’association de la pauvreté humaine, caractérisée dans l’étude par un faible niveau d’instruction et des conditions de vie familiale et locale précaires, avec la faible pratique contraceptiv