African Population Studies (UAPS) / Etude de la Population Africaine (UEPA)
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The Impact of Access to Health Services on Infant and Child Mortality in Rural Uganda
Get PDFThis paper examines the impact of access to health facilities on infant and child mortality in Uganda. Using the proportional hazard model, the paper shows that access to health centers affects childhood mortality of rural children; however, the effect is only substantial for children born to non-educated mothers. This study was partly funded by the Rockefeller Foundation through the Macro International Small Grants Program
Fertility and maternal hours of work in Ethiopia: a case study in the Amhara Region
Get PDFTheoretical evidence relating to children’s economic effect suggests that mothers work fewer hours with large number of young children and more hours when children are adults. The majority of empirical studies find results consistent with this expectation, but there are some studies which fail to confirm this theoretical prediction for the developing countries. Using data from a household sample survey of rural and urban married women with at least two live children, this study employs Two-Stage Least Squares model to document the maternal hours of work affected by the number of children. We find that children have positive effects both for the rural and urban mothers’ hours of work when all households are considered, but not for urban mothers when households are categorized by the age groups of their children. Generally, our results contradict traditional theory and show that Ethiopian mothers with large numbers of young children work longer
Fertility Differentials in Kenya: The Effect of Female Migration
Get PDFThis study uses the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) data conducted in 1988/89.The hypothesis of the paper is that women who migrate tend to maximise their other lifetime aspirations at the expense of their reproductive roles and performance. That is, female migrants are involved in behaviours and practices that negatively influence fertility relative to non-migrants. The analysis shows that through the influence of migration on fertility, reproductive behaviour and performance is modified; migration is a mechanism through which the changes observed in fertility behaviour and levels can be explained. The influence of migration on fertility levels is estimated using two procedures: the comparison of the mean CEB and multivariate analysis. The study demonstrated that there is an inverse relationship between migration and the number of children ever born
MARRIAGE PATTERNS IN ANKOLE, SOUTH - WESTERN UGANDA
Get PDFThis paper studies marriage patterns and systems in Ankole. Discussed in the study are age at marriage, proportion married, marriage dissolution, remarriages, types of marriage and bridewealth. The paper finds that most of the marriage patterns are among the major causes of high fertility in the area
New trends in under-five mortality determinants and their effects on child survival in Nigeria: A review of childhood mortality data from 1990-2008
Get PDFUnder-five mortality in Nigeria has been reported to be on the decline, but the dynamics are yet to receive adequate attention. Thus the main objective of this study was to assess these factors and quantify their relative contributions to under-five mortality between 1990 and 2008. The Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data for 1990, 2003 and 2008 were re-analysed to assess the trends in determinants of under-five mortality.Cox Regression model was applied to determine the relative contributions of each factor to the under-five mortality risk.The results showed there were improvements in maternal education (8.6%), childhood vaccination (17.7%), use of oral rehydration therapy (13.9%) and medical treatment of childhood illnesses(17.5%) over the 19-year period. There were declines in proportions with birth interval less than 24months (3.9%), access to improved sources of drinking water (24.2%), improved toilet facilities (9.0%) antenatal care (4.5%), skilled delivery (3.0%) while maternal age at childbirth remained unchanged. These factors increased the death hazards by 4.6% between 1990-2003 but decreased them by 12% between 2003 and 2008. It was concluded that Nigeria has recorded very minimal improvements in birth spacing and antenatal/delivery care. Poor access to potable drinking water and sewage disposal, and short birth intervals,are among the factors fueling childhood mortality risks. Further improvements in these environmental and health practices as well as other factors are recommended as strategies for promoting child survival in Nigeria
LA FECONDITE EN AFRIQUE NOIRE : UN PROGRES RAPIDE DANS LA CONNAISSANCE DU PHENOHENE MAIS UN AVENIR ENCORE DIFFICILE A DISCERNER
Get PDFRegional variations in contraceptive use in Kenya: comparison of Nyanza, Coast and Central Provinces
Get PDFThis paper analyses the regional variations in contraceptive use between Central, Nyanza and Coast Provinces in Kenya among currently married, fecund women drawn from the 2008-09 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) data. Specifically the study examined the role of socio-economic, cultural and demographic factors in explaining these variations using both bivariate and logistic regression. The analysis confirmed the higher use of contraception in Central compared to Nyanza and Coast. Current use of modern contraceptive methods in Central is 70 percent compared with 39 percent and 37 percent for Nyanza and Coast respectively. The higher contraceptive use in Central is attributed to the better socio-economic and cultural environment compared with the other two provinces. Central Province has very few cases of women with no education, a much lower percentage in the poorest wealth (9.6) category and the highest proportionin monogamous unions (97.1). The higher socio-economic status and better cultural environment has in turn created a favourable environment for the use of contraception through the intervening variables of knowledge on family planning and fertility preferences. The logistic regression results suggest that differences in contraceptive use between the three provinces could be narrowed by increasing the level of education in Coast and overcoming traditional practices such as polygyny in both Nyanza and Coast. Although mortality is still important, its effect has declined. However, the unexpected finding that contraceptive use is higher in rural areas of Central and Nyanza Provinces suggests further research to understand what could be responsible for the reversal
Dynamics of gender-based violence among the Tivs of North Central Nigeria
Get PDFGender-based violence has been noted as a major international public health and human right issue. Still relatively little is known about its frequency, sub-cultural variations and correlates in Nigeria. Data from a cross sectional sample of women in the North Central Region of Nigeria were used to examine women’s experience and perception of gender-based violence. The types and levels of gender-based violence were measured and logistic regression was performed to identify critical significant factors affecting different types of gender-based violence. This was done by analyzing the association between socioeconomic, cultural and demographic variables and types of gender-based violence identified in the study. While there is a high prevalence of gender-based violence in terms of wife battery and marital sexual rape, their incidence is low. There is social approval for intimate partner violence while respondents did not agree that sexual rape occurs in marriage. Attitudes to gender based violence are supportive as most participant respondents see the tradition of wife battery as a demonstration of love. Most respondents would not report any experience of gender-based violence to the law enforcement agencies and the public. Women who have suffered intimate partner violence are more likely to have suffered rape and psychological abuse. There is statistical difference in social-health consequences reported by abused and non abused women. There is no consistent association between socioeconomic and demographic variables and types of gender-based violence. Gender-based violence interventions should focus on its social-health consequences instead of how to change men. A significant progress would be made if communities and individuals are aware of the social, human right and reproductive health consequences of forms of gender-based violence
Effectiveness of using comic books to communicate HIV and AIDS messages to in-school youth: Insights from a pilot intervention study in Nairobi, Kenya
Get PDFThis paper uses data from a pilot pre- and post-intervention study that was conducted in eight secondary schools in Nairobi, Kenya, between 2010 and 2011 to examine the effectiveness of using comic books to deliver HIV and AIDS messages to in-school young people. Information was collected through structured self-administered interviews with 3,624 and 2,914 students at baseline and endline respectively. Qualitative feedback from students was also obtained through drop-boxes. The findings show that the comic books were effective in improving students’ knowledge about modes of infection, enhancing communication about the epidemic among them, positively changing their attitudes towards people living with HIV, reducing their fear and increasing their likelihood and intention of getting tested for HIV, as well as positively changing their sexual behaviours. The study underscores the need for age-appropriate communications channels to reach young people with HIV and AIDS information in settings that are affected by the epidemic
Crises des solidarités ou solidarités dans la crise ? Une lecture à partir de l'analyse de l'évolution de la structure des ménages entre 1993 et 2003 à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Get PDFCet article appréhende le système de solidarité dans un contexte de crise urbaine, à travers l'analyse de l'évolution de la structure et de la taille des ménages à Ouagadougou à partir des Enquêtes démographiques et de santé (EDS) réalisées au Burkina Faso (1993, 1998/L999 et 2003). Il teste les hypothèses de nucléarisation et de diminution de la taille des ménages, et identifie les déterminants des ménages nucléaires et de faible taille au moyen de deux régressions logistiques. Les résultats indiquent que bien que les ménages nucléaires augmentent légèrement, la majorité des ménages demeurent élargis. Bien plus, la tendance à la nucléarisation est plus faible chez les ménages mieux pourvus en ressources (que ce soit en termes d'éducation ou de niveau de vie). Ceci suggère une continuation des solidarités en période de crise