African Population Studies (UAPS) / Etude de la Population Africaine (UEPA)
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ESTIMATIONS DE FECONDITE DANS LES PAYS AFRICAINS : SOURCE DES DONNEES, METHODES D'ESTIMATION, MESURES RECENTES
Get PDFWOMEN'S POSITION, CONJUGAL RELATIONSHIPS AND FERTILITY BEHAVIOUR AMONG THE YORUBA
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to examine, as part of the ongoing research, the influence of women's position on conjugal relationships within the home and how this, in turn, influences fertility behaviour. The society being studied are the Yoruba who live in the South Western part of Nigeria
Contraceptive use among Nigerian women with no fertility intention: interaction amid potential causative factors
Get PDFHigh fertility (HF) remains a public health problem and intention to reduce fertility is a global phenomenon. The health hazards and economic burden of HF on women are enormous. Contraceptive is widely known as a fertility reduction method. Achieving desirable MDGs and PoA of 1994 ICPD will be an illusion if research on the relationship between fertility intention and contraceptive use is neglected. The study which focused on 2,257 women of childbearing age who do not have any intention to bear more children utilized Nigeria Demographic Health Survey, 2008 dataset. Data was analysed using Chi-square, binary and multinomial logistic regression (=5.0%). Mean age of the women and children ever born were 40.91±5.73 years and 6.28±2.62 respectfully. The prevalence of Current Use of Any Contraceptive Method (CUACM) was 37.6% with 12.4% and 25.2% currently using natural and modern family planning methods respectively. About 7.0% of women in poorest wealth quintile are CUACM compared to 61.8% of those in richest wealth quintile. Current use of modern contraceptive prevalence rate was strikingly higher among Yorubas (41.8%) than the Hausas (3.6%). Multivariate analysis identified age, region, residence, education, ethnicity and family planning media exposure as significant predictors of CUACM. In addition; religion and decision on how to spend family income were identified as predictors of current use of modern contraceptive method (p<0.05). The use of contraceptive is not adequately practiced in Nigeria. The identified predictors of contraceptive use in this study should be considered while designing strategies to improve contraceptive prevalent rate in Nigeria
Changing Perceptions of the Value of Daughters and Girls’ Education among the Isoko of Nigeria
Get PDFThis paper examines the changes in parents’ perception on the value of daughters and their education. It utilizes information generated from Focus Group Discussions in two urban and four rural Isoko communities in Delta State, southern Nigeria. Eight Focus Groups were constituted in each of the towns and villages (four for men and four for women). The groups were homogeneous in terms of sex, age and educational level. It is observed that parents’ perception on the value of daughters is changing because adult daughters have been found to be more caring and more supportive of aged parents than adult sons. Consequently, parents now consider the education of daughters as very rewarding since educated daughters become better equipped to provide support to their parents. The changing attitudinal disposition towards girls’ education has implication for the enhancement of women’s status and fertility decline
Role of conflict in shaping fertility preferences in Rwanda
Get PDFConflicts affect the social and economic conditions that could account for the stall in fertility decline in Sub-Saharan Africa. For Rwanda, the total fertility rate decreased very rapidly to 6.1 in the eighties but stalled at that level in the nineties. Part of the stall can be attributed to a lack of fertility control, but the question is whether social upheaval also affects fertility preferences. We identify three mechanisms through which the Rwanda conflict have led to a preference for larger families: mortality experience, modernization and the attitudes of third parties.Using data from DHS, we tested the contribution of these mechanisms to the preference for small, medium or large families. With the exception of sibling mortality, there is a strong impact of these mechanisms on the preference for large families, yet they do not fully account for the shifts in preferences over the years
Etat nutritionnel des enfants réfugiés : Synthèses des cas desLibériens en Guinée et en Côte-d'Ivoire et des Somaliens en Ethiopie
Get PDFRefugees constitute a rather special category of the population. For this sub-group of the entire population, a problem of definition is raised which unfortunately has not been addressed by the different studies devoted to the refugee population.When we consider the nutritional status of refugee children aged between 0 and 5 years, it appears that it is of the most precarious ones. The syntheses made show that one of the factors which would favour the maintenance of a satisfactory nutritional status for the populations, following social unresis the integration of the refugee population into the indigenous population without the construction of refugee camps.Thus, Liberian refugee children in Guinea and in Côte d'Ivoire in 1990-1992, who are integrated into the indigenous population, had a satisfactory nutritional status identical to that of the indigenous population, whereas those Somali refugees in Ethiopia in 1988-1989, hosted in refugee camps, had a poor nutritional status when compared to that of the indigenous population. The study shows that efficient strategies of refugee management and improvement of their nutritional status especially that of children might comprise:the regular and complete distribution of food ratios comprising foods rich in vitamin C and,the extension of makeshift food and therapy programmes for a better coverage of the refugee populatio
Religious differences in child vaccination rates in urban Africa: Comparison of population surveillance data from Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Get PDFMany studies have shown a significant relationship between religion and health in Western countries. In developing countries, however, there is a dearth of scientific studies on the matter. Using data from the Ouagadougou Health and Demographic Surveillance System, this paper examines religious differences in child vaccination rates in five districts of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. It tests the applicability of the selectivity hypothesis, which holds that religious differences in health come from underlying differences in the socioeconomic and demographic composition of religious communities. In our study population, even when socioeconomic and demographic characteristics are taken into account, an effect of religion on child vaccination rates was observed. This suggests that religious disparities in child vaccination rates are not solely due to the makeup of different religious communities, but also to ideological differences and/or to diffusion effects from interactions within religious groups. The religious differences demonstrated here suggest that a greater emphasis should be put on community-based approaches involving religious leaders when addressing health disparities
Explaining Contraceptive Use Differences: Do Men Play a Role?
Get PDFData from the Kenya and Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) are used to assess the observed difference in modern contraceptive use between the two countries. The findings indicate that although female fertility preferences and education remain important, differences in male fertility goals also appear to be a crucial determinant of the contraceptive gap between Kenya and Ghana. Some implications of these findings are discussed
Contraceptive use among women in Ogoja and Obudu Local Government Areas, Cross River State, Nigeria
Get PDFSexual behaviour in human societies is embedded in a complex web of shared ideas. Moral rules and regulations, obvious associations and obscured symbols are part of the complex behaviour patterns. Sexual behaviour varies from one culture to another, from one stage of development to another as well as from one period of history to another. Many factors including biological, social, political, educational, economic and religious affect sexual behaviour. This study was undertaken to assess women’s knowledge of modern contraception, examine the role of culture in contraception use and find out the relationship between background characteristics and contraception use. The results of this study indicate that knowledge of contraception is relatively low in both rural and urban centres of the study area. Given the importance of family planning to the reduction of growing population, it is crucial to embark on an aggressive education and enlightenment of the people on the need to use contraception in order to prevent unwanted, unintended and ill-timed pregnancies. The media should be effectively harnessed to take its rightful position in the dissemination of information to the people
SPATIAL VARIATIONS IN INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY LEVELS IN SIERRA LEONE
Get PDFThe general research objectives of this project were to calculate and map levels of infant, child and adult mortality in the administrative districts of Sierra Leone using 1974 census data, followed by a correlational analysis of these levels with certain key social variables. These were the distribution of medical facilities, the distribution of the population with no formal schooling and malaria endemicity by district. The results showed an estimated infant mortality rate of 215 in 1971 for Sierra Leone. The proportion of children dying before their fifth birthday was pegged at -3582 also for 1971- In relation to other African Countries, Sierra Leone was in the category of countries with very high infant and child mortality levels. Infant and child mortality levels in the administrative areas of Sierra Leone were in general very high but in addition showed some differences in levels. Only the Western Area had an infant mortality rate below 160 in 1971. The highest infant mortality rate was in Pujehun District (272). The pattern is the same when one examines the proportion of children dying before their fifth birthday, with the Western Area having the lowest (.2630) and Pujehun District having the highest (.4431). Attempts at explaining the regional variation in mortality levels by the distribution of health facilities, the percentage of the population with no formal schooling and malaria endemicity failed to provide any significant results once the Western Area was excluded from the analysis