African Population Studies (UAPS) / Etude de la Population Africaine (UEPA)
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A qui profitera la « fenêtre démographique » des pays du Maghreb?
Get PDFA qui profitera la « fenêtre démographique » des pays du Maghreb ? Les pays du Maghreb entrent dans la seconde phase de la transition démographique. Les projections démographiques montrent que les taux de dépendance resteront bas pour le quart de siècle prochain, ouvrant ainsi une "fenêtre d'opportunité démographique." La question qui se pose désormais est de savoir si cette période sera mise judicieusement à profit ? Nos travaux que si cette fenêtre pourrait effectivement améliorer la scolarisation, elle accentuerait en même temps la compétition dans les marchés du travail et matrimonial
Le comportement sexuel des adolescents à Bangui (RCA)
Get PDFLa sexualité des adolescents est devenue un sujet de préoccupation de santé publique, avec l’extension du SIDA au cours de ces dernières années, particulièrement en milieu urbain. Quels sont les déterminants des pratiques sexuelles des adolescents? Pourquoi certaines pratiques peuvent-elles être qualifiées de comportements à risque ? Dans quelles mesures les politiques de santé publique pourront-elles résoudre les problèmes liés à ces pratiques sexuelles ? C’est pour apporter des éléments de réponse à ces questions que l’enquête sur le comportement sexuel a été menée auprès de 806 adolescents filles et garçons dans la ville de Bangui. Huit discussions de groupes ont été également organisées avec ces adolescents et leurs parents. Les principaux résultats sont les suivants : la première expérience sexuelle est vécue entre 15 et 16 ans respectivement chez les filles et chez les garçons ; près de la moitié des enquêtés sont sexuellement actifs une fois par semaine ; plus de quatre adolescents sur cinq connaissent les conséquences néfastes des rapports sexuels précoces (grossesses non désirées, MST, SIDA) ; un adolescent sur deux a eu son dernier rapport sexuel protégé. Les résultats de l’analyse multivariée montrent que les chances d’utilisation des préservatifs sont plus réduites chez les moins jeunes (12-14 ans) que chez les plus âgés (15-19 ans), tandis que le milieu de socialisation de l’enfant (Bangui ou autre) n’a aucun effet significatif sur l’utilisation des préservatifs. La fréquentat des structures d’ ‘education sexuelle, la communication en matière de sexualité avec les parents et le multi partenariat sont les principaux déterminants de l’utilisation des préservatifs
Analysis of Family Building Patterns in Kenya when Fertility has Stalled
Get PDFThe absence of any further fertility decline in Kenya in recent past has alarmed the demographic community. While such phenomenon is not new, it is also possible that the observed fertility as measured by TFR may be due to flaws in the in distortion of TFR from changes in the timing of childbearing. On the other handWhile, there may have been a real reversal in fertility decline that could arise from change in fertility preferences. However, tracing fertility trends by traditional measures (such as TFR) in early stages of demographic transition is speculative and uncertain even if data is of good quality. This study uses birth history data from the 1998 and 2003 KDHS to examine trends in family building patterns. The main conclusion is that fertility rates increased among women in their middle age (25-34) for those in parities 4 and 5 but declined for both younger and older women. From a methodological perspectives, the use of parity progression ratios uncovers patterns that may be difficult with the use of age-specific fertility rates. Parity-specific analysis is consistent with the sequential nature of childbearing and approximates the family-building behaviour of real cohorts
ADULT MORBIDITY DIFFERENTIALS IN LAGOS, 1968-1978
Get PDFIn this paper, an attempt is made to analyse the morbidity of an urban population exposed to modernization processes at an early stage of development
Contraceptive choice and use of methods among young women in Namibia
Get PDFThe present study analyses the factors affecting contraceptive use and method choice among young women (15-24 years) in Namibia. It also explores ways to improve the accessibility of health facilities and family planning services for young Namibian women with reproductive health needs. The study draws on largely quantitative data provided by the 2000 Namibian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) but also includes vignettes from focus group discussions with young women. The logistic regression method has been applied to examine the determinants of contraceptive use and method choice. The study examines the level of knowledge of contraceptive methods and sources of supply, decisions leading to contraceptive use and choice as well as service delivery and the accessibility of contraception to potential users. The findings suggest that programmatic strategies should seek to improve parent-child communication, strengthen educational outlets of information, and lead to the implementation of effective policy to cater for a potentially growing number of young contraception-users in Namibia
Adolescent Sexuality and Reproductive Health in two Oil Producing Communities in Imo and Rivers States, Nigeria
Get PDFThe Study was conducted in two contiguous oil producing rural local government areas in Imo State and Rivers State of Nigeria, to examine adolescent sexuality and reproductive health situation in the area given its peculiarities. This is a baseline study for an intervention project aimed at identifying strategies for achieving behavioural changes among the youth, and for promotion of health-seeking behaviour for the control of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Data were collected through questionnaires administered among 725 students in secondary schools and 249 school drop-outs, comprising 483 females and 491 males. The questionnaire generated ample information on knowledge, attitudes and practices of the youth with respect to sexuality and reproductive health as well as various background characteristics of the respondents. Supplementary qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions. The study found a high level of sexual activity among both in-school and out-of-school adolescents, low levels of knowledge of preventive measures, negotiation skills and STIs, and relatively high levels of premarital pregnancy, abortion and incidence of STIs. The paper proffered suggestions for introducing life-building skills and sexuality education in the secondary schools through peer health education and other school programs, and underscored the need to make schooling more interesting and attractive to the youth
Migration et emploi urbain : le cas de Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso
Get PDFL’objectif de la présente étude est d’examiner le lien entre migration et emploi dans un contexte urbain, celui de Ouagadougou la capitale du Burkina Faso. Nous privilégions ici l’accès au premier emploi rémunéré car il représente une étape cruciale dans le cheminement professionnel et constitue un indicateur-clé de la possibilité de se soustraire à la pauvreté. En corollaire, un accès tardif à un premier emploi rémunéré pourrait être source de pauvreté. A partir des données de l’enquête nationale, sur « dynamique migratoire, insertion urbaine et environnement au Burkina Faso », menée en 2000, deux outils essentiels de l’analyse des biographies, les courbes de survie de Kaplan-Meier et les régressions semi-paramétriques à risques proportionnels, sont utilisés pour évaluer le temps nécessaire pour obtenir un premier emploi ou pour mieux comprendre ce qui mène au premier emploi rémunéré. Les caractéristiques individuelles (sexe, niveau d’instruction), et les informations recueillie sur l’origine familiale (l’activité du père et de la mère), et l’ethnie sont utilisées comme variables de contrôle. Les analyses présentées suggèrent que le rôle de la migration sur l’accès à un premier l’emploi joue très peu pour les femmes alors que les migrants semblent avoir un avantage net sur les non migrants. L’origine sociale semble avoir peu d’impact sur l’accès au premier emploi mais la crise économique et/ou et la mise en œuvre des programmes d’ajustement structurel font que la pauvreté touche plus les jeunes générations qui semblent accéder plus tardivement à un premier emploi rémunéré
Reflections on Illegal Immigration in Botswana and South Africa
Get PDFIllegal labour immigration is increasingly a source of concern to politicians and the public in relatively rich countries within the Southern African Development Corporation (SADC). This paper examines the status of illegal immigration in Botswana and South Africa. The definition of illegal immigration is discussed. It draws extensively from similar experiences in the United States of America and other Sub-Saharan African countries. The major hosts of illegal immigration are South Africa, Botswana and Namibia. Primary sources are Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Huge economic disparities between Southern African states are largely responsible for illegal movements in the region. Apprehension and deportation of illegal immigrants are actively pursued in Botswana and South Africa. An effective method of border control in the past was the erection of electrified fence along parts of the South African borders. Some immigration policies are noted and proposals are made for implementation of measures that would assist in controlling illegal immigration in southern Africa
Population dynamics and infrastructure: meeting the millennium development goals in Ondo State, Nigeria
Get PDFPopulation has become an important research issue because its consideration has significant implications for change, development and quality of life in the society. Infrastructure such as water, transport, drainage and sanitation on the other hand have been recognized on the other hand as critical to ensure the quality of living and sustainable urban development in contemporary times. This paper examines the change in population growth of Ondo state with a view to determining the extent at which infrastructure in the study area has been improved on and what will be required to meet the MDGs for infrastructural development. The paper discusses the consequences of inadequate infrastructure in Ondo state as well as identifies how the MDGs targets can be achieved to reduced urban poverty in Africa. Data utilized in the study were derived systematic survey of household characteristics, indicators of accessibility to basic infrastructure in the city. Population figures were obtained from National Population Commission and distribution of regular households by main characteristics of infrastructure during the last census (2006) in Ondo State. The study showed that as typical of a Nigerian State, majority of the residents of Ondo state do not have access to basic infrastructure
Regional Variation in Initiation of Childbearing in Kenya
Get PDFThis paper seeks to establish the effect of region of residence on the initiation of child bearing in Kenya and to determine whether its effect has changed overtime. The data used is drawn from the 1998 and 2003 Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys. The Cox proportional hazard models are used to analyse the data. The results revealed that the region of residence has a significant effect on the initiation of child bearing in Kenya and that the effect remains significant even in the presence of the controls for education, age at first marriage, type of place of residence and religion. The effect of the region of residence on in the initiation of childbearing remains more or less the same across the three generations