African Population Studies (UAPS) / Etude de la Population Africaine (UEPA)
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Determinants of Singlehood: a retrospective account by older single women in Lagos, Nigeria
Get PDFAlthough the population of older never married women in Nigeria is increasing considerably, negligible attention has been paid to this emerging social reality. This paper examined the determinants of singlehood from the life experience of never married women. Aspects of Giddens’ Structuration theory provided theoretical framework for the study. Empirical Data were drawn from twenty-seven In-depth Interviews, two Life Histories, and seven Focus Group Discussions conducted between 2010 and 2011 in Lagos, Nigeria with involuntary and childless never married women aged 30 and above. The major determinants of singlehood among them were drive for economic empowerment and financial independence, personal mate selection preference, marital experience of other women, cultural beliefs and practices, family background factors, and higher education. Increasing singlehood among women threatens Nigeria’s traditional nuptiality pattern of early and universal marriage and could become one of the most important components of demographic transition in 21st century Lagos
Socioeconomic correlates and the choice of treatment for childhood fever in Ghana
Get PDFThe study investigated the effect of household socioeconomic factors on the choice of treatment for childhood fever among children under age five in Ghana. Data from the 2008 Ghana Demographic and Health survey was used employing the multinomial probit model. Three treatment choices were considered: Government facility, Private facility and traditional/self-medication. The results suggest that the treatment of childhood fever is related to household wealth, health insurance status and residence. Government health facilities are mostly used by household's with higher wealth and household's with health insurance. Rural households are more likely to use traditional/self-medication, except those with health insurance who use government facilities. The age of the mother and birth order of the child were also found to influence the choice of treatment facility for childhood fever.
Adolescents and HIV-related behaviour in Nigeria: does knowledge of HIV/AIDS promote protective sexual behaviour among sexually active adolescents?
Get PDFHIV/AIDS prevalence among Nigerian youth remains one of the highest in the world. Although studies confirmed a high knowledge of HIV among Nigerian youth, there is a lag in linking HIV/AIDS knowledge with protective sexual behaviour. The study utilized data from the Nigeria 2007 National HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey (NARHS). Analysis was on 865 sexually active adolescents. About 75% of adolescents had good knowledge of HIV/AIDS. Logistic regression models showed that HIV knowledge was significant predictor of non-use of condom (OR=2.34; p=0.041) and accepting gifts for sex (OR=2.02 p=0.043) among male, and predictor of multiple sexual partners (OR=1.30; p=0.023) among females. Regardless of HIV knowledge, higher education, older age at first sex, higher wealth index and urban residency are significant predictors of engagement in non-protective sexual behaviour. The study concludes that high knowledge of HIV/AIDS is not statistically significant in HIV protective attitudes among adolescents
Immigration, croissance démographique et dynamique urbaine au Nord Cameroun
Get PDFLa dynamique urbaine récente qui touche les pays du sud s’est manifestée rapidement au Cameroun par l’émergence des villes millionaires que sont Yaoundé et Douala. Ces villes situéesdans la partie méridionale du pays ont bénéficié jusqu’au début des années 1980, de l’essentiel du flux des populations venant de toutes les autres régions du pays. La partie septentrionale, espace le plus peuplé du pays était alors considéréecomme point de depart vers les villes méridionales au détriment des villes septentrionales. Cependant à partir de la fin de la décennie 1980, on notera un développement rapide des principales villes de cette partie du territoire. Des enquêtes ont été menéesdans les trios principales villes septentrionales (Maroua, Garoua, Ngaoundéré) et dans les villes secondaires de Kousséri, Guider, Figuil auprès des communautés des immigrés et des autorités locales. Il s’est agit d’identifier les pays d’origine des immigrés et leur role dans la dynamique urbaine. Les données issues des different recensements de la population ont aussi été utilisées. Les analyses statistique, cartographique et qualitative des données démographiques issues des enquêtes de terrain et des recensements généraux de la population et de l’habitat (RGPH) de 1987 et 2005, font apparoir un développement du phenomena urbain dans cette region tant du point de vue démographiqueque spatio-économique en relation avec l’internationalisation du champ migratoire nord camerounais
Adoption d’une culture contraceptive et maîtrise du projet familial. La contraception constitue-t-elle une Capabilité?
Get PDFNous examinons les facteurs d’adoption d’une « culture contraceptive », décrite par la connaissance, la pratique et les intentions, et ses liens avec l’espacement des naissances. L’analyse des enquêtes EDS Mali (2006) et Ghana (2008) montre la persistance du fossé entre connaissance et pratique - la connaissance de la contraception ne gomme pas les inégalités de pratique - et le rôle des « facteurs de conversion ». Ainsi l’avantage des habitants des grandes villes disparaît lorsque l’on contrôle pour les caractéristiques personnelles. Les comportements des femmes apparaissent influencés par la réalité de leur situation familiale, alors que ceux des hommes reposeraient plus sur des valeurs. Finalement, ce n’est pas l’adoption de la contraception qui importe pour l’espacement des naissances, mais le profil des femmes qui l’adoptent : la contraception ne constitue pas une Capabilité - une dimension de la liberté de planifier sa famille - mais un moyen parmi d’autres pour espacer les naissances
Termination of pregnancy: Perspectives of female students in Durban, South Africa
Get PDFPregnancy termination among young women constitutes a public health problem particularly in South Africa where high prevalence of abortion has been recently recorded. The primary objective of this study was to assess the social context in which decisions about termination of pregnancy are taken. In particular, it examines the perspectives of young women with regard to abortion and abortion methods, specifically medical abortion. The study draws on in-depth interviews with female students at a university in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal. The findings suggest that for the majority of women, abortion is a context-driven choice. While women were opposed to abortion for themselves, it was seen as justifiable under certain circumstances. There was a feeling that abortion services should be made accessible to all women that seek them, including medical abortion. The major identified barriers to accessing abortion services were: stigma and cultural beliefs; finances; and negative attitudes of health providers. Termination of pregnancy services should take into account the context in which women make decisions on abortion as well as the barriers women face in accessing abortion services in order to reduce its prevalence.
Integrating the Demographic and Health Surveys, IPUMS-I, and TerraPopulus to Explore Mortality and Health Outcomes at the District Level in Ghana, Malawi, and Tanzania
Get PDFIn this paper, we first show how the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) can be integrated with other data sources to expand the types of variables available for analysis of population and health outcomes. Second, we demonstrate one particular example of such integration by modelling the social, physical, and built environment determinants of health outcomes at the district level in Ghana, Malawi, and Tanzania. To do so, we created district-level measures of a number of variables from the DHS, and then merged them with district-level data from the IPUMS, an environmental data set called TerraPopulus, and other sources. We find that it is feasible to combine the DHS with other data sources, and that many health and environment indicators are heterogeneous within countries, justifying further analysis at low levels of geography and suggesting benefits to using such techniques to design fine-grained programmatic interventions
La montée de l’obésité dans un contexte où la dénutrition n’est pas éradiquée. Application de l’approche des Capabilités sur des données mixtes au Mali
Get PDFNous analysons ici les données de l’EDS 2006 à la lumière des opinions sur la corpulence, exprimée dans des groupes de discussion, pour examiner les facteurs associés au maintien de la dénutrition et à la montée de l’obésité au Mali. La dénutrition chronique est l’expression d’un manque de ressources du contexte, caractérisant la vulnérabilité alimentaire du milieu rural, mais aussi des modes de vie et situations personnelles plus à risques, telle l’absence de conjoint. La montée de l’obésité est rendue possible lorsqu’un certain seuil de ressources alimentaires est atteint. Elle exprime aussi les inégalités de Capabilités des femmes à utiliser ces ressources pour les transformer en bien-être et, donc, leur ambivalence face à la valorisation sociale d’une forte corpulence, et aux transformations des modes de vie liées à l’urbanisation. Cette ambivalence expliquerait, en particulier, le risque accru d’obésité parmi les femmes scolarisées
The effects of household assets inequality and conflict on population health in Sudan
Get PDFWe explored the effects on health of both household asset inequality and political armed conflict in Sudan. Using the 2010 Sudan household survey, we evaluated the role of both household asset distribution (measured by the Gini coefficient) and armed conflict status at the state level. We measured associations with six health-related outcomes: life expectancy, infant mortality, height-for-age (stunting), adequacy of food consumption, teenage birth rates and vaccination coverage for young children. For each of six measures of health in Sudan, outcomes were significantly worse in the states with more unequal asset distribution, with correlation coefficients ranging between -0.56 (stunting) and -0.80 (life expectancy). Conflict status predicted worse outcomes. Wealth redistribution in the more unequal states, as well as a political resolution of conflict, may improve population health
Male Circumcision and Risky Sexual Behavior in Zimbabwe: Evidence from the 2010-11 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey
Get PDFIn 2009, Zimbabwe adopted voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) as an additional method of HIV prevention. The promotion of VMMC has raised a major concern that it might lead to an increase in high-risk sexual behavior, a phenomenon known as risk compensation or behavioral disinhibition. This study sought to test whether circumcised men in Zimbabwe are more likely to have engaged in risky sexual behavior. The study used data collected from 7,480 men age 15-54 who were interviewed during the 2010-11 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS). Logistic regression was used to assess the association between circumcision and risky sexual behaviors. The study found no statistically significant association between male circumcision and risky sexual behavior. These results suggest a need to continue monitoring the relationships between ongoing VMCC campaigns and men’s risky sexual behavior. Information dissemination on VMMC should emphasize caution in messages promoting medical male circumcision to avoid giving the impression that it provides immunity against HIV