African Population Studies (UAPS) / Etude de la Population Africaine (UEPA)
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De la conception néo-malthusienne du « discours de Dakar » de Sarkozy. Note de recherche
Get PDFEn 2007, dans une allocution présentée au Sénégal, le Président français Nicolas Sarkozy déclarait: « la réali-té de l’Afrique, c’est une démographie trop forte pour une croissance économique trop faible ». En une seule phrase, il résumait ainsi une idée centrale d’une doctrine de population, d’abord formulée par Malthus mais surtout relayée par les néomalthusiens depuis plus de deux siècles. Une analyse de contenu de ce discours ré-vèle également d’autres éléments de convergence avec la doctrine néo-malthusienne. Ce qu’il est convenu de nommer maintenant «le discours de Dakar» a fait l’objet d’une masse importante de critiques différentes de la part de plusieurs chercheurs et intellectuels et que l’on peut retrouver dans quelques ouvrages clés publiés. A notre connaissance toutefois ce discours n’a jamais été examiné sous le prisme d’une doctrine de popula-tion ; une lacune que nous tenterons en partie de combler avec le présent article.
Associations between demographic factors and perceived acculturative stress among African migrants in Germany
Get PDFThis study investigated the nature and extent of the associations between demographic variables and acculturative stress of African migrants in Germany with the premise that living in Germany would be stressful for Africans. Data from 85 migrants from the general population and prisons showed that 73.4% were males and 26.6% females with age ranging from 18 to 46 years. Participants completed the MAQ used in assessing acculturative stress.Results from hierarchical regression analysis showed that: majority of Africans reported racial discrimination, negative situation, a precarious job and a huge volume of daily hassles as predominant problems experienced in Germany. Acculturative stress increased with duration of stay in Germany. Family fragmentation and being separated from one’s spouse was a strong predictor of acculturative stress. Being an economic refugee was also associated with acculturative stress. Recommendations were made in the light of the conclusions made in the study
Determinants of Postnatal Care Use in Kenya
Get PDFPregnancy related complications may result in maternal deaths post delivery especially in developing countries. Skilled deliveries and postnatal care (PNC) use in Kenya is low. The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of PNC use. Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (2008-09 KDHS) women’s data were analyzed. Overall data from 3,970 women were analyzed. Results indicate that 47 percent of the women received PNC services. Factors associated with PNC use are mothers’ age at delivery of the last child, 4+ ANC visits, urban residence, and skilled delivery. However, lack of education and unskilled delivery were associated with low use of PNC services (p <0.05). In conclusion, the use of PNC services is low at 47 percent although the main determinants for PNC use are amenable to intervention. Strengthening of maternal health services throughout the continuum of care and promoting the use of high quality services by pregnant women is recommended
Foreword
Get PDFThe globalization process constantly spawns new ideas, and researchers are generally willing to share and adapt them. It can be recalled that UNDP report no. 1/1990 saw the basic objective of human development as the enlargement of the range of people’s choices, which are not fixed forever. There have been many approaches to the study of human development. For instance, Classical Economics measures human development using the size of a country’s GDP or per capita income. The Welfare Approach uses income and consumption. The Utilitarian Approach focuses on happiness, good and pleasure, while the Basic Needs Approach measures access to water, shelter, food and sanitation, among others. It is impressive that, just ten years later, Amartya Sen managed to pull all these ideas together into a single framework called the Capability Approach. This new concept of measuring human development focuses on freedom as development. Although nowadays widely known, the Capability Approach is still rarely used in population studies and policies, and this is especially true for Africa. This volume is therefore welcome, but in addition it is timely, and this for at least two reasons
Determinants of contraceptive use among married women in Tanzania: Policy implication
Get PDFFamily planning as an ability for couples to control the timing and number of their pregnancies play a crucial role in reducing fertility rate when it efficient and effectively implemented. Despite 96.5% having knowledge on family planning, only 20% are using modern methods. The main objective of study was to find out the determinants of contraceptive use among married women and policy implication in Tanzania. The study use Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2004-2005. Data were analysed quantitatively through, binary and multinomial logistic regression. Results show that husband disapproval of contraceptive use, women education, husband and women approval of family planning, discussion of family planning with partners, wealth index, and religion, are determinants of contraceptive use. Based on these results, we recommend increasing women enrolment in all levels of education. This paper suggests that having nice policy, on women empowerment is important but its effective implementation is the most important
Migration and sexual behaviour among youth in Nairobi’s slum areas
Get PDFMigration remains an important event in the urbanization process. However, research evidence indicates that migration is associated with negative outcomes. For migrant youth, migration often coincides with leaving home and divesting of parental authority and controls. This study investigates migration as a determinant of risky sexual behaviours and the factors influencing the timing of first sex among migrant youth. We used data collected between 2006 and 2008 from youth aged 12-22 years living in two slums in Nairobi. We use Cox proportional hazards model for timing of first sex among migrants and logistic regression for determinants of risky sexual behaviour. Migration is important for number of sexual partners but not for sexual debut. The risk of initiating first sex soon after in-migration is higher for youth with problem behaviour. Among adolescents in Nairobi’s slums, migration is not associated with a higher risk of engaging in risky sexual behaviour. However, youth with problem behaviour face a higher risk of initiating sex soon after migration
Recent trends in the timing of first sex and marriage among young women in Ethiopia
Get PDFEthiopia has been characterized by high population growth. Recent social and economic developments have the potential to alter reproductive patterns in the country. Some of these developments include sustained economic growth, urbanization, rapid growth in school enrollments, expansion of primary health care, and a rise in contraceptive access and use. In other national contexts, these developments have been associated with a gradual decoupling of the transition into sexual activity and marriage among young women. We investigate recent trends in the transition into first sex and marriage among three cohorts of Ethiopian women. Methods: Using data from the 2000, 2005, and 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) we estimate survival curves and discrete-time hazards models to examine recent trends in age at first sex and first marriage among women ages 20-29. Results: Across the three survey years the median age at first sex has remained relatively stable at 17 years, although the median age at marriage has increased from 17 to 18 years between the 2005 and 2011 surveys. Net of the effects of education and place of residence, there is evidence of a slight trend away from premarital first sex to sexual initiation in the context of marriage. However, among the most educated women and women living in urban areas (who are a small minority of women), there is a much greater tendency to initiate sexual activity outside of marriage compared to women with little schooling and women living in rural areas, and once they have begun sexual activity they tend to wait longer before they get married. We also find evidence in the most recent survey that women who have first sexual intercourse before marriage are delaying marriage more than was the case among earlier cohorts
Education and Employment Outcomes in Ghana through the Lens of the Capability Approach
Get PDFExisting literature on education and employment confirms that in Ghana educational qualification largely influences the type of work. Through the lens of the Capability Approach, which sees human development in terms of the expansion of freedoms and opportunities, this paper identifies, for a cross-section of Ghanaians, the array of employment opportunities between and within education endowments. “Between endowments” refers to differentials in opportunities for individuals with different levels of educational qualifications, while “within endowments” considers the differentials for individuals with the same level of education. The source of data is the 2005/06 Ghana Living Standard Survey (GLSS5). Results show that education is not enough to erase inequalities. Multinomial regression analysis demonstrates that functionings differ according to the individual’s context, household and personal conversion factors. This is explained by inequalities in the requirements for a particular job (between educational endowments) and by job accessibility due to personal characteristics (within educational endowments)
Assessment of the completeness of births and deaths registration in an urban Nigerian community
Get PDFThis paper assessed the completeness of births and deaths registration in Mokola, a semi-urban community in Oyo state, Nigeria. The cross-sectional study with a two-stage cluster sampling was designed to select 1361 men and women aged 15 to 65 years. Information on births and deaths registration was collected using a structured pretested interviewer administered questionnaire. Assessment of birth and death registration data was carried out using indirect demographic methods. The mean age of respondents was 31 years (SD ±8.8 years). Almost all mothers (91.1%) claimed they registered the index births and 36.5% of mothers were able to produce birth certificates. For deaths, completeness of registration in Mokola was very low with an estimate of completeness at 21% for the period 2000 to 2006. The study concluded that birth and death registrations were largely incomplete in the study area
Estimating demographic parameters from the 2011 South Africa Population Census
Get PDFDue to limited coverage of vital registration in most African countries, censuses and surveys constitute the primary sources for demographic information. Estimating demographic parameters from African censuses often poses a challenge. South Africa has a long history and high coverage of vital registration but censuses and surveys remain the principal sources of demographic information. The purpose of this study is to estimate demographic parameters from the 2011 South Africa census using various demographic models. The results indicate female mean age at first marriage of 26 years, infant mortality rate of 60 per thousand live births (both sexes), life expectancy at birth of 55 years (both sexes), total fertility rate of 2.7 in 2011 and Gauteng as the province with the highest volume of net migration in absolute terms. Despite some weaknesses in the 2011 census data, it is a rich data source for demographic estimation.