African Population Studies (UAPS) / Etude de la Population Africaine (UEPA)
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Profil des femmes ayant des besoins non satisfaits en planification familiale en Cote d’Ivoire
No full textObjectif: Décrire le profil des groupes spécifiques de femmes qui portent le plus lourd fardeau des besoins non satisfaits en planification familiale.Méthodologie: Analyse secondaire des données de l’EDS 2012 portant sur les besoins non satisfaits de PF chez les femmes en âge de procréer, sexuellement actives et exposées aux grossesses. Chi 2 de Pearson et Ttest de Student réalisés. Analyse multivariée par technique CHAID de l’arbre de décision. Interprétation des résultats au seuil (α=5%, IC à 95%).Résultats: les BNSPF de l’ordre de 50 à 58% sont portées par moins de 4% de la population féminine. Plus de 21% ont des BNSPF de l’ordre de 32 à 39% et sont majoritairement sans instruction, multipares, venant du Centre et du Sud du pays.Conclusion: Développer des stratégies de sensibilisation et de communication spécifiquement adaptés à ces groupes pour combler le gap d’utilisation des méthodes contraceptives
A Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) analysis of lassa fever media campaigns among residents of South-East Nigeria
No full textBackground: In as much as studies have been conducted on Lassa fever in Nigeria, the studies had no media angle and were carried out mainly in the Northern and Western regions of the country. This study examined how mass media intervention messages on Lassa fever have influenced the level of knowledge, attitudes and health practices of people living in South-East Nigeria towards controlling and eradicating this disease.Methods: The study adopted survey research design. Multi-stage sampling technique was used in selecting 428 respondents while structured questionnaire was used for data collection.Data analyzed was by descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation technique.Result: The level of exposure to and knowledge of Lassa fever media campaigns among South-East residents were high as confirmed by 90% and 51.1% respectively of the responses. Media campaigns against Lassa fever positively influenced the attitudes of 56.3% of the respondents towards prevention and control of this disease.There is positive significant relationship (0.93 with 0.01 level of significant) between exposure level to Lassa fever media campaigns and knowledge level of the disease among South-East residents.Conclusion: Mass media campaigns aimed at sensitizing the public on Lassa fever disease was adjudged effective. There is also need to employ more of interpersonal communication strategies to enhance effective delivery of this health messages
Teen motherhood and women’s later life outcomes: evidence from South Africa.
No full textBackground: The pathway from teen motherhood to later life outcomes has received considerable attention in both research and political agenda. Very few studies have however, looked beyond educational and economic outcomes.Data source and methods: This paper uses pooled data from four waves of National Income Dynamic Study (NIDS) survey collected from 2008-2014 in South Africa to investigate the impacts of early motherhood on mothers’ later life outcomes using propensity score matching and endogenous treatment techniques.Results: The study reveals that teen motherhood reduces women’s educational attainment (by -5.2years), economic well-being (-19.9%), psychological well-being (by increasing depression score by 5.2) and life satisfaction (by -1.24) each at 0.1% significance level.Conclusions: Teen motherhood has significant negative effects on women’s education, economic well-being, psychological well-being and life satisfaction but insignificant effect on health related outcomes. We recommend multi-sectoral policy intervention to minimize teenage pregnancy and manage the adverse consequences
Determinants of sex differentials in mortality: an assessment of household-level factors in South Africa
No full textBackground: Increasingly high male mortality hinders progress towards improving overall life expectancy.Data Source & Method: The study used data from South Africa’s 2016 Community Survey to examine the household-level determinants of male mortality. Chi square tests and binary logistic regression were used.Results: Out of the 30,022 deaths in the sample, males comprised 52.8%. Male deaths were high at all ages except for age group 75+ years. Odds of male mortality were higher (OR:2.08; CI:1.98-2.18) among those that lived in female headed households or White-headed households (OR:1.50;CI:1.29-1.73). There was less likelihood of male deaths (OR:0.91;CI:0.87-0.97) in households that were not involved in agriculture.Conclusion: Overall, mortality differentials were largely explained by household demographics including age, race and gender dynamics of heads of households. We recommend a multi-sectoral policy and programme implementation that promotes deliberate inclusiveness of household characteristics in their delivery
Population development in Africa with special regards to ageing
No full textBackground: Population ageing is a global trend of the 21st century, with huge socioeconomic implications. Yet Africa’s population ageing is not fully understood. Africa is often characterized as a homogenous region which is not useful in terms of policy formulation.Data and methods: The purpose of this study is to examine regional population ageing differentials and similarities in Africa. Selected indicators and determinants of population ageing were taken from World Population Prospects (2017) for periods 1995-2000, 2010-2015 and 2025-2030.Findings: We applied k-means clustering method to selected indicators and grouped the countries according to their heterogeneity and homogeneity. Three clusters were identified with high, medium and low population ageing.Conclusion: Northern and Southern African countries formed a relatively homogeneous spatial unit with the highest ageing. Each cluster forms a spatial unit in which appropriate policy measures on population development and ageing can be formulated, implemented and shared as recommended by Agenda 2030, for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Factors associated with tobacco-smoking in Uganda’s leading tobacco-growing regions
No full textBackground: Tobacco smoking is one of the determinants of health and social challenges in Uganda. Although ample information exists about smoking prevalence, less is known about the determinants particularly in the leading tobacco-growing regions of the country.Data and methods: Secondary data were extracted from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey dataset. The un-weighted and weighted samples were 16,800 and 14,791 respectively. Tobacco-smoking status, the outcome variable, was dichotomized into those who smoked and those who never smoked. Binary logistic regression was used to model the dichotomous outcome variable against a combination of predictor variables.Findings: Overall being male, having low education, belonging to the poor wealth quintile and being of advanced age increased the odds of tobacco-smoking.Conclusion: Sex, level of education, wealth index and age predicted tobacco-smoking. We recommend strengthening educational programmes, increased advocacy for reducing tobacco-smoking and improvement of socioeconomic status of the population
Household structure and living arrangements among older persons in selected West Africa Countries: evidence from demographic and health surveys
No full textBackground: Older persons’ living arrangements are currently major development discourses across Africa. With the increasing family nucleation, weakening traditional ties and support networks, what is the emerging pattern of living arrangements of the older persons within this changing social system in West Africa?Methods: The study utilized DHS household data on older persons aged 60 years and above in selected West African countries: Benin Republic, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal and Togo (n=31,695).Results: Results showed that West African older persons had an average of 5.0 household network members; proportion living alone were higher among women (21.6%) than men (10.4%), majorly widows (31.3%) or single/divorced (38.0%). Household network, headship and living arrangements varied significantly across countries by age, sex, education, marital status and wealth quintile (p<0.05).Conclusion: The study concludes that the emerging pattern of older persons living alone is relatively high, suggesting age-friendly re-assessment of the traditional support system and household resources allocation
The impact of governance quality on mortality rates in Sub Saharan Africa
No full textBackground: The study examined the impact of governance quality on infant mortality, maternal mortality and adult female mortality in sub Saharan Africa.Data Source and Methods: World Bank data covering 2002 to 2015 for 31 sub Saharan African countries were employed and analysed utilising the Driscoll and Kraay Fixed Effect Model.Results: Improvements in regulatory quality and total governance reduces infant mortality by 0.1441 and 0.0712 percentage points respectively. Improvements in the control of corruption, regulatory quality and total governance reduces maternal mortality by 0.0788, 0.1324 and 0.0654 percentage points respectively. Political stability reduces adult female mortality by 0.0485 percentage point.Conclusion: There is need for the pursuit of efficient and speedy execution of sound private sector development policies in order to reduce infant and maternal mortality. Enhancing the fight against corruption aids maternal mortality reduction. Political stable environment should be prioritised to reduce adult female mortality. An overall improvement in the quality of governance reduces mortality rates in the region
Infant mortality at the Kigali University Teaching Hospital: Application of Aalen additive hazards model and comparison with other classical survival models.
No full textBackground: Beyond the effort provided on the population policy in Rwanda so far, extensive studies on factors that could prevent infant mortality (IM) should be done for more controlling the Infant mortality rate (IMR). This study presents an application of survival analysis to the infant mortality at the Kigali University Teaching Hospital (KUTH) in Rwanda.Data and methods: The dataset of the KUTH was recorded. Aalen Additive Hazard Model (AAHM) is used for assessing the relationship between the IM and covariates. The Cox Proportional Hazard Model (CPHM) and the Cox-Aalen Hazard Model (CAHM) are also applied, the results of these three models are compared.Findings: The AAHM distinguishes time dependent and fixed covariates, and this allows an easy interpretation of the results found in CPHM and CAHM.Conclusion: Avoidance of pregnancy until after age 20 and clinically recommended nutrition for the mother during pregnancy would decrease IM
Modern contraceptive use in Northwestern Region of Nigeria: Rural-Urban segmentation analysis
No full textBackground: Northwestern region of Nigeria has among the lowest modern contraceptive use, and the highest fertility rate in the country, whereas there are little or no disaggregated information at the rural-urban level to shed light on the reasons for low use.Method: We analysed the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. The relationships between modern contraceptive use and predictors were examined using Chi-square and logistics regression. Findings: Findings showed that common determinants of modern contraceptive use among rural and urban respondents were, state of residence, religion, and fertility preference. Determinants unique to rural respondents were; education, wealth status, number of siblings of respondents, and household had cable TV, and for urban respondents, unique determinants were, birth order of respondents, husband/partner’s education, household had radio, and mobile phone.Conclusion: Policy and program interventions need to use these additional insights to increase uptake of modern contraceptive use in the region