African Population Studies (UAPS) / Etude de la Population Africaine (UEPA)
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Stratégies familiales et qualité de vie au Mali à travers les données du recensement
No full textPar une analyse du dernier recensement malien (2009), cette étude examine dans quelle mesure la configuration du ménage influence sa qualité de vie. Le postulat est que, selon leur composition, les ménages développent des stratégies familiales qui leur permettent d’accéder et de valoriser plus ou moins les ressources disponibles. Une typologie des ménages distingue cinq configurations urbaines et cinq rurales dont on teste les différences de qualité de vie, telle que mesurée par le degré de modernisation matérielle (indice de confort du logement) et la scolarisation ajustée des enfants. Les grands ménages élargis apparaissent nettement avantageux. Mais en milieu rural, ce sont les ménages dirigés par un chef instruit qui viennent en tête. Les ménages urbains dirigés par les femmes ne sont pas systématiquement vulnérables, se situant juste après les plus grands ménages. Dans les deux milieux ce sont les très petits, dirigés par des chefs plus jeunes ou plus âgés qui sont les moins bien loti
Correlates of Spatial Differences in under-five mortality in Nairobi’s informal Settlements
No full textChild mortality in Kenya is often associated with individual level factors including socio-economic status, nutritional status, and poor access to health services. Geographical factors are less documented as important predictors of child mortality in the country. Using a Bayesian geo-additive survival model, this paper examines the factors associated with child mortality in two Nairobi slums, Korogocho and Viwandani, accounting for spatial random effects. It uses longitudinal data for the period 2006-2011 involving 30339 children aged below five years from the Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System implemented in the two slums. In addition to determinants such as mother’s education and age, size of the household and ethnicity, our findings show a certain spatial structure in child mortality risk, with differences between some villages in Viwandani, while no spatial variations were observed in Korogocho. The results call for specific efforts from policymakers to refine child health interventions in Nairobi’s urban slum
Factors influencing fertility preferences of currently married men in Kenya
Get PDFFertility preferences are central in determining the future fertility of the society particularly where and when those desires are implemented. The socio-cultural structures in most African communities have given men the mandate to decide in all aspects of life including family sizes and fertility behaviors. Information on fertility preference in Kenya especially regarding men is very scanty. This study therefore specifically sought to establish the effects of socio-demographic; socio-economic; and socio-cultural factors on fertility preference of currently married men in Kenya. Data was drawn from sample size of 1,757 married men aged 15-54 years who were asked questions on various topics including fertility preference during the 2008/9 KDHS. The study findings revealed that age, number of living children, education, region, occupation, type of marriage and number of living sons were significant factors associated with the desire for additional children at 0.001, 0.01 and 0.05 significance level. In conclusion, fertility preference of currently married men in Kenya is influenced mainly by demographic (age & Number of living children); socio-economic (education & region) and socio-cultural factors (type of marriage & Number of living sons). Recommendations: i) Education for men should be emphasized because education was discovered to have a significant negative effect on the fertility preference; ii) Policies that aim at integrating population into development should be encouraged so as to foster socio-economic development in all the regions and hence minimize the regional disparities as it relates to fertility preferences; iii) Further studies, both qualitative and quantitative, to be carried out in order to explore the socio-cultural religious beliefs, norms and attitudes of men in regards to the value of children; v) Qualitative studies needs to be conducted in the North Eastern region to find out the driving forces for glaringly high fertility preference other than low literacy level
Consolidating Research on Population Dynamics and Health of the Urban Poor in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview
No full textThough the least urbanized globally, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is rapidly urbanizing, with its urban population projected to reach 55% by 2050. While cities continue to offer greater amenities, better employment opportunities and better services, they also concentrate risks and hazards for health, which is exacerbated by majority of urban dwellers living in slums or slum-like conditions that are detrimental to their living and health conditions. Understanding specific health and livelihood conditions of slum dwellers require adequate data at local levels often lacking through national surveys, which mostly provide national indicators, and blur inter- and intra-sub-group inequities. The papers in this series use unique datasets mostly aggregated at local levels to portray the specific living and health conditions in slum areas. They collectively contribute rich evidence for policy and action in the important search for pathways to reduce health inequities and improve living conditions among the urban poor in Kenya and across SS
Motivations and consequences of secret contraceptive use among young married women in Malawi
No full textStudies have revealed that there are situations when a married woman would want to use contraceptives, but faces opposition from a partner or family members. Some of these women attest to using contraceptives secretly. The study investigates what motivate young married women to be engaging in secret contraceptive use. It also explores the risks and consequences of that practice in Malawi. The study uses qualitative approach. Thematic content analysis technique was used. The motivations to use contraceptives secretly were mainly driven by external factors and not inherently for the woman to exercise her denied sexual and reproductive rights. These include poverty and a quest to safeguard their marriages from instability and dissolution. The study concludes that involvement and inclusion of marital partners as target groups in the designing of family planning information and service provision is critical in increasing overt contraceptive use among young married women so that there should be no need for secret use
Consensual Union in West Africa
No full textOne of the major changes in family formation is the increasing tendency for people to enter into co-resident patterning without formalising the union through religious, civil or traditional rites. Despite the implications, this nuptiality behavior which is well documented in the more developed regions, has received negligible scholarly attention in Africa. Using three ranks of DHS surveys (1998-2014) in twelve countries, this study examined the levels, trends, individual and contextual factors associated with consensual union in West Africa. Descriptive results showed a rising trend in consensual union in the sub-region. Multilevel logistic regression analysis suggests that individual-level factors associated with consensual union included education, spousal age gap, second and higher order union, premarital birth, age at first sex, number of sons among others. Contextual predictors were community poverty level, proportion of educated women and proportion of divorced and separated women. Given the health and welfare implications of consensual union, the findings underscore the need for policies and programmatic interventions to protect women in consensual unions, and to extend the benefits of formal marriage to consensual union in case of break up
Structures familiales, encadrement communautaire et survie des enfants. Une recherche en milieu rural malien
No full textL’influence de l’environnement familial sur la survie des enfants est une question difficile à aborder au moyen de données rétrospectives, en particulier dans des contextes où les structures familiales sont complexes et où la mobilité des enfants est fréquente. Les données d’un suivi de population en milieu rural au Mali (1976-2009) sont mobilisées ici pour examiner cette question. Plusieurs indicateurs sont utilisés pour tester l’effet des structures familiales sur la mortalité des enfants : la morphologie du groupe domestique, la disponibilité de ressources familiales, la concurrence sur l’accès à ces ressources, la place de l’enfant dans la famille et la présence de ses parents. Les analyses bivariées et multivariées montrent une absence de différenciation de la mortalité des enfants, quel que soit leur environnement familial. Ce résultat appuie l’hypothèse de l’efficacité de l’organisation sociale et familiale à réguler la prise en charge des enfants en limitant les risques de traitement inégalitaire.
Evaluation des estimations indirectes de mortalité dans trois observatoires de population au Sénégal
No full textEn Afrique sub-saharienne, les recensements constituent une source de données fondamentale pour estimer la mortalité, en raison de l’incomplétude de l’enregistrement des décès à l'état civil. Afin d’évaluer la fiabilité des niveaux de mortalité qui peuvent en être déduits, nous appliquons différentes méthodes d’estimation à des extraits des recensements sénégalais de 2002 et 2013, couvrant trois observatoires de population situés à Bandafassi, Mlomp et Niakhar. Les taux de mortalité des moins de cinq ans tirés du nombre d’enfants nés vivants et survivants s’avèrent plus bas que les niveaux attendus au vu des données du suivi démographique. Les estimations déduites des déclarations sur la survie des parents sont largement inférieures aux niveaux de mortalité adulte réellement observés selon le suivi. Par contre, les taux de mortalité par âge basés sur les décès récents déclarés dans les ménages sont conformes aux données du suivi, sauf pour la mortalité infantile qui est sensiblement sous-déclarée en 2002. Cette évaluation confirme que les méthodes indirectes procurent des estimations qui ne peuvent être considérées isolément mais doivent plutôt être systématiquement comparées les unes aux autres. Des études d’évaluation directes menées au niveau individuel à l’aide d’appariements sont nécessaires pour mieux identifier les différentes sources de biais
Risky Sexual Behaviour among Sexually Active Never Married Ghanaian Women: A Latent Class Analysis (LCA)
No full textThis paper examined risky sexual behaviour patterns among sexually active never married Ghanaian women using the 2008 GDHS data. The LCA technique was utilised to identify categories of women based on their risky sexual behaviours. Age at first sex, multiple sexual partnerships, condom use at first and last sexual intercourse, lifetime sexual partners and alcohol consumption at last sex were used for the categorisation. Preferably, a 3-class model that reflected “low risk takers,” “risk takers” and “high risk takers” was selected. Generally, the sexual behaviours followed similar patterns. For instance, the conditional probability for unprotected sex at first sexual intercourse was 0.34 in Class 1-“low risk takers”, 0.84 in Class 2-“risk takers” and 0.86 in Class 3-“high risk takers”. Latent multinomial logistic regression model was used to examine the predictors of class membership. Older women were more likely to be classified in both the “risk takers” and “high risk takers” classes
Spousal Violence and Unwanted Fertility in Malawi
No full textIdentifying predictors of high fertility in Malawi has been of great concern among stakeholders. One area that has not received much attention is the relationship between spousal violence and unwanted fertility. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to establish the relationship between spousal violence (aggregate of physical, emotional and sexual) and unwanted fertility among women in Malawi. A subset of 4,137women who were selected for domestic violence module and who gave birth within the last five years were extracted from the 2010 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between unwanted fertility and background variables. The overall prevalence rate of spousal violence and unwanted fertility among the study population are 31% and 46% respectively. Spousal violence was found to be a significant predictor of unwanted fertility among women in Malawi. The results of bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models indicate that unwanted fertility is higher among women who experienced spousal violence than among those who did not (OR=0.765). Other factors that were found to be significantly related to unwanted fertility are age at first birth, number of children ever born, spousal agreement on ideal number of children household wealth index and region of residence. The study recommends that gender equality should be promoted and violence against women should be discouraged in order to accelerate fertility transition in Malawi.