African Population Studies (UAPS) / Etude de la Population Africaine (UEPA)
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The impact of household size on poverty: An analysis of various low-income townships in the Northern Free State region, South Africa
No full textPoverty is a multi-dimensional socio-economic problem in most sub-Saharan African countries. The purpose of this study is to analyse the relationship between household size and poverty in low-income communities. The Northern Free State region in South Africa was selected as the study region. A sample of approximately 2 900 households was randomly selected within 12 poor communities in the region. A poverty line was calculated and 74% of all households were found to live below the poverty line. The Pearson’s chi-square test indicated a positive relationship between household size and poverty in eleven of the twelve low-income communities. Households below the poverty line presented larger households than those households above the poverty line. This finding is in contradiction with some findings in other African countries due to the fact that South Africa has higher levels of modernisation with less access to land for subsistence farming. Effective provision of basic needs, community facilities and access to assets such as land could assist poor households with better quality of life. Poor households also need to be granted access to economic opportunities, while also receiving adult education regarding financial management and reproductive health
Vécu des avortements à Ouagadougou : causes et conséquences socio-psychologiques
No full textL’avortement est répandu au Burkina Faso, particulièrement dans la ville de Ouagadougou. Pour connaître les causes et conséquences socio-psychologiques des avortements, nous avons réalisé une étude dans la dite ville. L’objectif de cette étude était de comprendre les causes des avortements et leurs conséquences socio-psychologiques sur les femmes puis proposer des ajustements sur les approches déjà opérationnelles. Au total, 32 entretiens individuels et une observation non participante ont été réalisés auprès des femmes qui ont eu un avortement dans le passé, leurs proches et des professionnels de la santé. Les résultats ont montré que les déterminants des avortements sont les relations illégitimes, les raisons d’ordre économiques, les grossesses trop rapprochées, le refus de paternité, le non-respect des clauses définies au début de la relation et les grossesses issues de relations occasionnelles sans aucun projet de mariage, ni d’enfant. Des perturbations liées aux modifications des relations entre les deux partenaires, entre les femmes ayant avorté et les membres de leur famille, puis des stigmatisations, violences et sanctions de la part des agents de santé ont été relevées. Plusieurs symptômes dépressifs ont été rapportés (regret, honte, douleurs morales, insomnies, crainte, incertitude par rapport à une future grossesse, sentiment de désespoir). Des sentiments de satisfaction ont été aussi relevés. Les effets néfastes sociaux et psychologiques des avortements sont considérables et nécessitent une prise en charge des femmes en tenant compte de leurs besoins. Il est de ce fait nécessaire de prévoir une prise en charge incluant les aspects médicaux, sociaux et psychologique
Irregular migration and coping strategies of undocumented migrants: A qualitative perspective from irregular returnees in Lagos State, Nigeria
No full textThis study examined the dynamics of irregular migration and coping strategies of irregular migrants among irregular returnees in Nigeria. The aim was to understand the patterns of irregular migration, coping strategies of irregular migrants, and condition of homeland among irregular returnees. The study adopted the non-experimental research design and used qualitative tools to capture important nuances, impressions and anecdotes from thirty-eight (38) respondents in Lagos State. Data were gathered by In-depth Interviews (IDIs) and analyzed through manual content analysis. Results indicate that economic factors tend to influence irregular migration, especially among those who go by land; while a number of migrants in irregular situation adopt different strategies such as changing their real names and engaging in underground jobs in destination places to cope. Furthermore, many irregular returnees were unable to acquire useful skills or raise capital during their stay; this made efforts towards self-improvement and contribution to homeland development difficult.
Le double fardeau épidémiologique chez les personnes âgées en milieu rural africain : tendances de mortalité et causes de décès à Nouna (Burkina Faso)
No full textCette étude vise à quantifier le phénomène du double fardeau épidémiologique chez les personnes de plus de 50 ans au Burkina Faso. L’analyse porte sur les données de l’observatoire de population de Nouna, et en particulier sur un total de 4427 décès de personnes de 50 ans et plus survenus entre 1993 et 2012. Pour environ la moitié de ces décès (2323 cas), une cause a pu être clairement diagnostiquée. L’analyse révèle que la part des décès due aux maladies transmissibles n’a pas significativement diminué (-13%; p-value=0,158) alors que celle due aux maladies non transmissibles a significativement augmenté (+178%; p-value<0,001). Ceci s’explique surtout par une hausse des taux de mortalité dus aux maladies cardiovasculaires, particulièrement chez les hommes. La montée des maladies cardiovasculaires a contribué à une baisse de l’espérance de vie à 50 ans, d’environ 2,6 ans entre 1997-2004 et 2005-2012. Cette forte mortalité due aux maladies cardiovasculaires contribue au double fardeau épidémiologique chez les personnes âgées au Burkina Faso
Predictors of time to first birth after first marriage among women in Uganda
Get PDFThe objective of this paper was to investigate factors associated with time to first birth after first marriage among women in Uganda. The assessment was made using data sourced from the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health survey. The analysis was done using a time-to-event approach involving life tables, log-rank and the Cox Proportional Hazards model. In the results, the median time to first birth after first marriage was 2 years (range, 1-36). The key predictors of having a live birth after first marriage were loss of a pregnancy either spontaneously or induced, knowledge of ovulation cycle and late sexual debut (p < 0.05). In particular, the chances of first birth after first marriage were lower among women who had ever lost a pregnancy and women having their sexual intercourse at a later age. On the contrary, the chances of having a first child after marriage were higher among women at higher ages at first marriage and those who were aware of their ovulation cycle.
Health Vulnerabilities among Migrant/Mobile Populations in Urban Settings of East and Southern Africa: A Regional Synthesis of Evidence from Literature
No full textUsing the principles of reputational case selection sampling procedure and thematic search of electronic databases and websites, we implemented a regional synthesis of evidence on the health vulnerabilities of migrant and mobile populations in urban areas of East and Southern Africa. The review identified key health challenges relating to various diseases, including the increasing challenge of non-communicable diseases, such diabetes among migrants by 2030. While figures are difficult to obtain, our review suggested high levels of urban migrants, including refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and asylum seekers in urban areas of the region, which for undocumented migrants poses particular logistics challenges in terms of administering targeted interventions, more so in contexts where poor socio-economic situations of countries do not provide them with opportunities to become self-reliant and less dependent on humanitarian assistance. This calls for policies, program interventions and research investments targeting vulnerable migrant and mobile groups in the regio
L’effet à long terme de la vie reproductive sur la mortalité des femmes en milieu rural sénégalais
No full textEn Afrique subsaharienne, peu de données existent pour étudier les niveaux, les causes ou encore les inégalités de mortalité des personnes âgées. Ainsi, les effets à long terme de la vie reproductive sur la mortalité des femmes africaines sont peu connus. Pour cette étude, nous nous intéressons aux différences de mortalité parmi les femmes âgées entre 50 et 70 ans suivies démographiquement pendant plusieurs décennies dans trois zones rurales du Sénégal. Les résultats révèlent des différences selon l’âge au premier et au dernier accouchement mais aussi selon la descendance, et notamment selon le sexe des enfants qui ont survécu jusque l’âge de 5 ans. Dans les trois sites, le fait d’avoir eu des garçons a un effet protecteur sur la mortalité des femmes après 50 ans. Dans des sociétés virilocales comme celles de cette étude, les facteurs sociaux sont probablement très influents. Ces résultats ouvrent des pistes de recherche intéressantes sur la question de la prise en charge des personnes âgées
Disparities in HIV/AIDS Progression among Children A Case of Uganda
No full textThe chronic nature of HIV/AIDS requires many resources in its management, yet knowledge on the rates of HIV infection transition from one stage to another is scanty. To shed light on this, we used a lifecourse theoretical perspective to appraise the chronological effect of demographic and socioeconomic factors on the lifecourse of HIV-AIDS progression among children. Methods: A 136 months retrospective follow-up of 59 children aged 0-15 for survival analysis. Results: Children contributed 5,108 person months on HIV infection lifecourse of which 55% is lived with asymptomatic stage. The duration of exposure to HIV infection contributed in each stage decreases with progressive amplification in the infection. Age at initiation of treatment, caregivers, father’s survival and religious affiliation causes disparities in HIV infection progression. Conclusion: To optimize HIV infection survival time, HIV/AIDS care and treatment should strive to maintain HIV infection within asymptomatic levels yet initiating treatment on the earliest time possibl
Correlates of intention to abstain from sex among HIV positive adolescents in Botswana
No full textThe study assesses correlates of abstinence intention among HIV positive adolescents aged 15-19 years to identify salient behavioural, normative and control beliefs relevant to sexual risky behaviour using the theory of reasoned action and planned behaviour. A cross sectional survey of 98 HIV positive adolescents aged 15-19 years was conducted at a Children’s center and from the infectious disease care clinics in Mochudi. Among 98 respondents, 56% were females (mean age 15.80, SE=0.21) and 44% were males (mean age 15.73, SE = 0.187). Abstinence behavioural beliefs (p<0.0001), abstinence prevention beliefs (p<0.0001) and abstinence normative beliefs (p=0.025) were significantly associated with intention to abstain from sex. Investing in interventions that enhance behavioural and prevention beliefs and promote intention to abstain would reduce the risk of reinfection, STDs and delay sexual debut. HIV interventions targeting adolescents would help prevent new infections
Remittances and development: Zimbabwean migrant teachers in South Africa and their impact on their Zimbabwean families
No full textThis paper contends that the unprecedented migration of Zimbabwean teachers into South Africa has transformed the well-being of their families in Zimbabwe positively. In some cases, poverty at household level has even been alleviated as a result of remittances sent to Zimbabwean households of the Zimbabwean teachers in South Africa. On the strength of human development impacts such as increased household income and consumption, savings and asset accumulation, improved access to health and nutrition and access to better education identified in this research, it is possible to hypothesize that professional Zimbabwean migrant teachers in South Africa who maintain ties with their home country do indeed make a positive contribution to their own families’ and households’ human development needs back home in Zimbabw