African Population Studies (UAPS) / Etude de la Population Africaine (UEPA)
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Keeping or catching up? Population dynamics and education in Africa
No full textAfrica will account for 80 percent of the 4 billion increase in world population by 2100. A demographic transition with an increase in its working age population provides a window of opportunity which if reaped will lead to a “demographic dividend” for accelerated growth. In Africa, declining mortality yet combined with high fertility rates constitute unusual population dynamics of developing countries. The dividend is underpinned by adequate skill profiles. Using secondary data sources on education, population trends and fiscal allocation this paper shows that keeping up with increased student intake has somewhat compromised quality of education and adequate skills. In particular the fiscal allocation to education seems not to be aligned to increased student intake further contributing to the challenge of educational quality. The results show that population change contribute only 6 percent change in educational unit allocation thus compromising the possible dividend.
Key determinants of malnutrition of children under five years of age in Rwanda: Simultaneous measurement of three anthropometric indices
Get PDFMalnutrition of children is a serious problem to the public health, most especially in developing countries. Based on Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey Data, the joint model of a multivariate generalized linear mixed model is used to simultaneously identify the determinants of malnutrition of children under five years of age in Rwanda using height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-height. Each anthropometric index has been categorized as malnourished (Z-score value <-2.0) and nourished (Z-score value . The study found that the age of the child, gender of the child, birth weights, mother’s knowledge of nutrition, birth order, incidence of recent fever, multiple births, education level of the mother, age of the mother at childbirth, body mass index, prevalence of anemia, province, source of drinking water and wealth quintiles are the key determinants of malnutrition of children under five years of age in Rwanda. A positive correlation between stunting and underweight and wasting and underweight was found. Therefore this study suggests that when eradicating malnutrition of children under five years of age, all three types of malnutrition should be corrected. It also suggests strengthening the policy on educating people in planning the number of children born to the
Impact of alternative community engagement strategies on improved maternal and child health behaviours and outcomes among the most vulnerable in northern Nigeria
No full textLow-status women typically have poorer maternal and child health outcomes. In northern Nigeria, we piloted alternative models for engaging vulnerable women and facilitating an improvement in their maternal health outcomes. We assess the net impact of an integrated health system improvement model focusing on ensuring emergency obstetrical services for clusters of affiliated primary health care clinics, on the relative additional impact of alternative community engagement (CE) strategies. Analysis of baseline to endline survey data (2009-2013) showed that proportions of women making antenatal care (ANC) visits and who delivered with a skilled birth attendant doubled. Maternal and infant mortality also declined. Greater improvements with more ANC visits and skilled birth attendance were associated with being non-poor, owning a cell-phone, being less socially excluded, being satisfied with improvements in the clinic, and participating more in CE activities. Efforts to increase participation in CE activities can further enhance outcomes for the vulnerable wome
L’automédication en République Démocratique du Congo : choix ou contrainte ?
No full textFondé sur l’analyse des données produites par l’enquête « 1-2-3 » de 2012 en République Démocratique du Congo, cet article propose une approche quantitative de l’automédication. Il fait apparaître, le caractère relativement circonscrit de cette pratique dans les déclarations des individus confrontés à un épisode de maladie et tente de rendre compte des choix qui les guident : consulter un professionnel de santé, affirmer recourir à l’automédication, s’abstenir de se soigner ou recourir à l’automédication par défaut. La construction d’un modèle logistique multinomial non-ordonné permet à cet égard de comparer les déterminants de ces décisions, considérées sous la forme d’une double alternative : consulter ou recourir à l’automédication, et, pour ceux qui ne sollicitent pas un professionnel de santé, s’automédiquer ou s’abstenir de toute démarche thérapeutique. L’article pointe ainsi les contraintes (économiques, géographiques, sociales et culturelles) qui pèsent sur ces choix tout en soulignant comment les individus cherchent à s’en affranchir.
Santé et mortalité en Afrique sub-saharienne francophone : introduction à l’édition spéciale
No full textCette introduction place l’édition spéciale sur la santé et la mortalité en Afrique francophone dans son contexte, en relevant les spécificités de la transition sanitaire qui est en cours dans cette région. Elle présente également les différentes contributions rassemblées dans cette édition et résume les nouvelles orientations de recherche qu’elles esquissent
Fertility behaviour in Uganda: Does partner age difference matter?
No full textHigh fertility in developing countries often strains socio-economic resources and impedes the achievements of national policies and individual goals. In this study, we investigated the effect of partner age difference on fertility in Uganda, a high fertility country in Sub-Sahara Africa. Data was drawn from the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey. Poisson regression model was used to isolate the effect partner age difference on fertility. Our findings from both unadjusted and adjusted regression models suggested that partner age difference had no effect on fertility in Uganda. However, the observed direction of flow was that; women with younger partners had slightly lower fertility (IRR:0.97 CI:0.8446–1.1159) while those with older partners by 1-5years had slightly higher fertility (IRR:1.05 CI:0.9532–1.1652) relative to women whose age was not different from their partners’
Household language, residential segregation and social mobility: continuity and change in eThekwini, South Africa
No full textThis article uses South African census data for 1996, 2001 and 2011 to explore the relationship between language and social mobility in the metropolitan region of eThekwini (including what was previously known as Durban). We focus particular attention on variables selected to shed light on residential segregation and social mobility, such as education level, income, race and in-migration. Data on adults at ward level (using 2011 ward boundaries) in eThekwini is used to develop a comparative spatial context for this analysis. Our main finding is that English appears in eThekwini to be the household language of the social elite as well as the language of upward mobility and empowerment
Liberté reproductive et recours à la contraception : les influences religieuse et sociale au Niger
No full textCette étude examine le rôle de l'entourage social et de la religion sur l'opinion des femmes nigériennes au sujet du contrôle de naissances. Elle utilise des données collectées par une enquête réalisée en 2014 auprès d'un échantillon de 2004 femmes âgées de 15 à 49 ans. Les résultats montrent que les femmes approuvent le contrôle des naissances lorsqu'il s'entend comme un recours à la contraception moderne pour espacer les naissances, mais non comme un choix du nombre d'enfants à avoir, au prix d'une éventuelle limitation des naissances. L'entourage social et la religion jouent un rôle important sur l'acceptation du contrôle de naissances. Les consoeurs de la communauté influencent principalement les femmes moins religieuses alors que les plus religieuses sont surtout influencées par leur mari et les leaders religieux. Cependant, la religiosité de la femme ne détermine pas son expérience contraceptive. Celle-ci dépend surtout de ses attitudes face au contrôle de naissances
Contraception and Unintended pregnancy: The changing relationship overtime in sub-Saharan Africa
No full textContraception is hailed as one of the most important health innovation that enables women and couples avoid unintended pregnancies. As such contraceptive prevalence is expected to be negatively associated with unintended pregnancy. However, one study examining the relationship between unintended pregnancy and modern contraceptive use globally has produced counter-intuitive results. This study draws on Demographic and Health Survey data from 206 country surveys to explore if this relationship holds when examined regionally and overtime. I find that the counter-intuitive relationship only holds for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Using selected countries from SSA and other regions I find that the counter-intuitive relationship holds true at the earlier stages of the fertility transition. I conclude that the unexpected relationship between unintended pregnancy and contraception is only temporary in the early stages of fertility transition when the demand for contraception is higher than the ability of the health system to satisfy i
Timing and Frequency of Antenatal Care Utilization in Slums: Assessing Determinants over time
No full textTimely and adequate antenatal care (ANC) attendance is important in maternal health. This paper examined the factors associated with ANC utilization in Nairobi slums in 2000 and 2012. Data come from two cross sectional surveys in the slums in Nairobi city. We fitted multinomial and logistic regression models to assess respectively, factors associated with timing of the first ANC visit and the frequency of ANC visits. In both years, parity, mother’s ethnic group and educational attainment were significantly associated with timing of first ANC visit. Frequency of visits was significantly associated with mother’s educational attainment, parity, pregnancy wantedness and place of residence. We conclude that for optimal ANC utilization, there is need to improve women’s educational outcomes and address cultural barriers to utilizatio